百色市PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中有机碳和元素碳污染特征及来源解析
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摘要
2015—2016年在百色市布设3个采样点采集PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)样品,分析其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量。结果表明,PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中OC、EC四季均值分别为15.0μg/m~3、5.55μg/m~3和11.7μg/m~3、4.72μg/m~3;OC与EC相关性不显著,存在不同的污染来源;OC/EC值多数>2,存在二次污染,主要来源于柴油、汽油车尾气和燃煤的排放。由总碳质气溶胶(TCA)和8个碳组分丰度分析可知,百色市碳气溶胶(CA)来源于汽车尾气、道路扬尘、燃煤的排放。二次有机碳(SOC)在OC中的占比均>75%,表明百色市大气颗粒物中OC以SOC为主,夜间污染重于昼间。
PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples were collected at three sampling sites in Baise for analyzing the content of organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC) from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the seasonal means of OC and EC content in PM_(10)were 15.0 μg/m~3 and 5.55 μg/m~3, while in PM_(2.5) were 11.7 μg/m~3 and 4.72 μg/m~3, respectively. There was no significant correlation between OC and EC, indicating they had different pollution sources. The OC/EC ratio was over 2, indicating there was secondary pollution and the main sources were vehicle exhaust from diesel and petrol, and coal combustion. The analysis results of total carbon aerosol(TCA) and the abundance of eight carbon components showed that the carbon aerosol(CA) in Baise was mainly derived from car exhaust, road dust, and coal combustion. Secondary organic carbon(SOC) accounted for over 75% of OC, indicating SOC was dominated in OC in atmospheric particulate matter, and the pollution at night was more serious than that in daytime.
PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) samples were collected at three sampling sites in Baise for analyzing the content of organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC) from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that the seasonal means of OC and EC content in PM_(10)were 15.0 μg/m~3 and 5.55 μg/m~3, while in PM_(2.5) were 11.7 μg/m~3 and 4.72 μg/m~3, respectively. There was no significant correlation between OC and EC, indicating they had different pollution sources. The OC/EC ratio was over 2, indicating there was secondary pollution and the main sources were vehicle exhaust from diesel and petrol, and coal combustion. The analysis results of total carbon aerosol(TCA) and the abundance of eight carbon components showed that the carbon aerosol(CA) in Baise was mainly derived from car exhaust, road dust, and coal combustion. Secondary organic carbon(SOC) accounted for over 75% of OC, indicating SOC was dominated in OC in atmospheric particulate matter, and the pollution at night was more serious than that in daytime.
引文
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[3] KUHLBUSCH T A J.Ocean chemistry:black carbon and the carboncycle[J].Science,1998,280(5371):1903-1904.
[4] 于建华,虞统,杨晓光,等.北京冬季PM2.5中元素碳、有机碳的污染特征[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):48-50.
[5] 陈敏,周志恩,张丹,等.重庆市主城区二次有机碳气溶胶污染特征研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(5):43-47.
[6] 施学美,李学德,魏桢,等.合肥市春季大气PM10和PM2.5中碳组分的污染特征[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(6):27-32.
[7] 姜迪,李聪.南京市区PM2.5扩散与气象条件的关系[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(1):36-40.
[8] 黄炯丽,陈志明,莫招育,等.广西玉林市大气PM10和PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳污染特征分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):27-37.
[9] HO K F,LEE S C,CAO J J,et al.Variability of organic and elemental carbon,water soluble organic carbon,and isotopes in Hong Kong[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2006,6(3):4569-4576.
[10] 张懿华,王东方,赵倩彪,等.上海城区PM2.5中有机碳和元素碳变化特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2014,35(9):3263-3270.
[11] 成海容,王祖武,冯家良,等.武汉市城区大气PM2.5的碳组分与源解析[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(9):1574-1579.
[12] TURPIN B J,HUNTZICKER J J.Identification of secondary organic aerosol episodes and quantitation of primary and secondary organic aerosol concentrations during SCAQS[J].Atmospheric Environment,1995,29(23):3527-3544.
[13] CHOW J C,WATSON J G,LU Z Q,et al.Descriptive analysis of PM2.5 and PM10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX[J].Atmospheric Environment,1996,30(12):2079-2112.
[14] SCHAUER J J,KLEEMAN M J,CASS G R,et al.Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources.5.C1—C32 organic compounds from gasoline-powered motor vehicles[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2002,36(6):1169-1180.
[15] CHEN Y J,ZHI G R,FENG Y L,et al.Measurements of emission factors for primary carbonaceous particles from residential raw-coal combustion in China[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2006,33(20):382-385.
[16] WATSON J G,CHOW J C,HOUCK J E.PM2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust,vegetative burning,geological material,and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995[J].Chemosphere,2001,43(8):1141-1151.
[17] CHOW J C,WATSON J G,KUHNS H,et al.Source profiles for industrial,mobile,and area sources in the Big Bend Regional aerosol visibility and observational study[J].Chemosphere,2004,54(2):185-208.
[18] LI W F,BAI Z P.Characteristics of organic and elemental carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Tianjin,China[J].Particuology,2009,7(6):432-437.
[19] 曹军骥,李顺诚,李杨,等.2003年秋冬季西安大气中有机碳和元素碳的理化特征及其来源解析[J].自然科学进展,2005,15(12):1460-1466.
[20] 詹鹃铭,刘永红,林琳,等.2014年冬季珠三角区域典型城市PM2.5污染时空关联特征[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(1):110-120.
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