华中冶金工业走廊表层土壤、道路尘重金属污染特征及健康风险
|
摘要
于2015年1月,分别采集了316国道黄石-鄂州段表层土壤和道路尘样品各23个,采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法定量分析其重金属含量,以探讨重金属的污染特征及其健康风险.结果表明,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Co、Cr、Ni、Mn的平均含量分别为97. 51、31. 18、115. 57、0. 58、21. 20、30. 10、37. 34、573. 74 mg·kg-1(表层土壤);730.12、236.23、392.74、6.20、223.72、90.54、148.42、4698.46 mg·kg-1(道路尘),且变异系数较大,污染分布不均匀.道路尘中重金属含量明显高于表层土壤,黄石段道路尘中重金属(除Cr、Ni、Mn外)明显高于鄂州段.地累积指数表明:表层土壤中Co及道路尘中Cd、Co、Mn污染最严重.由健康风险评价可知,表层土壤和道路尘中8种重金属非致癌风险为儿童>成人,其中手-口摄入为重金属暴露的主要途径,表层土壤中各种重金属暴露风险不大,而道路尘中Cr和Mn存在非致癌风险;表层土壤中Cd、Co、Ni、Cr均不存在致癌风险,道路尘的致癌风险主要来源于Cr.
In order to evaluate the pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in topsoiland road dust around the Huangshi-Ezhou of G316 highway,23 topsoil and 23 road dust samples were collected in the studying area in January 2015. Heavy metal contents were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry( FAAS). The results showed that the average concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Co,Cr,Ni,Mn in topsoil and in road dust were 97.51,31.18,115.57,0.58,21.20,30.10,37.34,573.74 mg·kg-1and 730.12,236.23,392.74,6.20,223.72,90.54,148.42,4698. 46 mg·kg-1,respectively. All the observed levels in the dust samples were significantly higher than those in on the topsoil samples. And all the heavy metals( except Cr、Ni、Mn) in road dust of Huangshi section were significantly higher than those in the Ezhou section; The Geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution of Co in the topsoil and Cd,Co,Mn in road dust were the most serious. According to the health risk assessment,the non-carcinogenic risk of 8 heavy metals in topsoil and road dust is children > adults,in which the hand-mouth intake was the main way of heavy metals exposure. The exposure of various heavy metals in topsoil is not significant,but there is non-carcinogenic risk of Cr and Mn in road dust; Cd,Co,Ni,and Cr in the topsoil do not have carcinogenic risk,and the carcinogenic risk of road dust media mainly comes from Cr.
In order to evaluate the pollution characteristics and health risk of heavy metals in topsoiland road dust around the Huangshi-Ezhou of G316 highway,23 topsoil and 23 road dust samples were collected in the studying area in January 2015. Heavy metal contents were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry( FAAS). The results showed that the average concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Co,Cr,Ni,Mn in topsoil and in road dust were 97.51,31.18,115.57,0.58,21.20,30.10,37.34,573.74 mg·kg-1and 730.12,236.23,392.74,6.20,223.72,90.54,148.42,4698. 46 mg·kg-1,respectively. All the observed levels in the dust samples were significantly higher than those in on the topsoil samples. And all the heavy metals( except Cr、Ni、Mn) in road dust of Huangshi section were significantly higher than those in the Ezhou section; The Geo-accumulation index showed that the pollution of Co in the topsoil and Cd,Co,Mn in road dust were the most serious. According to the health risk assessment,the non-carcinogenic risk of 8 heavy metals in topsoil and road dust is children > adults,in which the hand-mouth intake was the main way of heavy metals exposure. The exposure of various heavy metals in topsoil is not significant,but there is non-carcinogenic risk of Cr and Mn in road dust; Cd,Co,Ni,and Cr in the topsoil do not have carcinogenic risk,and the carcinogenic risk of road dust media mainly comes from Cr.
引文
[1] DUAN X,ZHANG G,RONG L,et al. Spatial distribution and environmental factors of catchment-scale soil heavy metal contamination in the dry-hot valley of Upper Red River in southwestern China[J]. Catena,2015,135(135):59-69.
[2]孙宗斌,周俊,胡蓓蓓,等.天津城市道路灰尘重金属污染特征[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(1):157-163.SUN Z B,ZHOU J,HU B B,et al. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in urban street dust of Tianjin[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(1):157-163(in Chinese).
[3] WEI L,WANG K,NOGUERA D R,et al. Transformation and speciation of typical heavy metals in soil aquifer treatment system during long time recharging with sec ondary effluent:Depth distribution and combination[J]. Chemosphere,2016,165:100-109.
[4]张一修,王济,秦樊鑫,等.贵阳市道路灰尘和土壤重金属来源识别比较[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):204-212.ZHANG Y X,WANG J,QIN F X,et al. Comparison of sources of metals in road-dust and soil in Guiyang[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(1):204-212(in Chinese).
[5] AHMED F,ISHIGA H. Trace metal concentrations in street dusts of Dhaka City,Bangladesh[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(21):3835-3844.
[6] SHI Y,MU X,LI K,et al. Soil characterization and differential patterns of heavy metal accumulation in woody plants grown in coal gangue wastelands in Shaanxi,China[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2016,23(13):13489-13497.
[7] BROWN J N,PEAKE B M. Sources of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff.[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,2006,359(1-3):145-155.
[8] ACOSTA J A,GABARRON M,FAZ A,et al. Influence of population density on the concentration and speciation of metals in the soil and street dust from urban areas[J]. Chemosphere,2015,134:328-337.
[9] WEI B,JIANG F,LI X,et al. Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in urban road dusts from Urumqi,NW China[J]. Microchemical Journal,2009,93(2):147-152.
[10]史贵涛,陈振楼,许世远,等.上海城市公园土壤及灰尘中重金属污染特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(2):238-242.SHI G T,CHEN Z L,XU S Y,et al. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soil and dust of urban parks in Shanghai[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(2):238-242(in Chinese).
[11]李如忠,周爱佳,童芳,等.合肥市城区地表灰尘重金属分布特征及环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2661-2668.LI R Z,ZHOU A J,DONG F,et al. Distribution of metals in urban dusts of Hefei and health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(9):2661-2668(in Chinese).
[12] NAJMEDDIN A,KESHAVARZI B,MOORE F,et al. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in road dust from urban industrial areas of Ahvaz megacity,Iran.[J]. Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2017(4):1-22.
[13] JADOON W A,KHPALWAK W,CHIDYA R C G,et al. Evaluation of levels,sources and health hazards of road-dust associated toxic metals in Jalalabad and Kabul cities,afghanistan[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2018,74(3):1-14.
[14] REHMAN I U,ISHAQ M,ALI L,et al. Enrichment,spatial distribution of potential ecological and human health risk assessment via toxic metals in soil and surface water ingestion in the vicinity of Sewakht mines,district Chitral,Northern Pakistan[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2018,154:127-136.
[15] WANG W L,LIU R H,LU X Y,et al. Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk assessment of swine manure irrigated vegetable soils in Jiangxi Province,China[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,100(5):634-640.
[16] KOSE T,YAMAMOTO T,ANEGAWA A,et al. Source analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in road dust and urban runoff using marker compounds[J]. Desalination,2008,226(1):151-159.
[17] MVLLER G. Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins-Veranderungen seit[J]. Umsch Wiss Tech. 1979,79:778-783.
[18] LU X,WANG L,KAI L,et al. Contamination assessment of copper,lead,zinc,manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji,NW China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2-3):1058-1062.
[19]方文稳,张丽,叶生霞,等.安庆市降尘重金属的污染评价与健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3795-3803.FANG W W,ZHANG L,YE S X,et al. Pollution evaluation and health risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Anqing[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3795-3803(in Chinese).
[20]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社. 1990.WEI F S,CHEN J S,WU Y Y. CNEMC(China National Environmental Monitoring Center),The Backgrounds of Soil Encironment in China[M]. Beijing:China Environmnetal Science Press,1990(in Chinese).
[21]张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清.艾比湖流域大气降尘重金属的污染和健康风险[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(6):1645-1653.ZHANG Z Y,JI L L·A B D W L,JIANG F Q. Pollution and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin,northwest China[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(6):1645-1653(in Chinese).
[22]钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.经济快速发展区土壤重金属累积评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(6):1608-1616.ZHONG X L,ZHOU S L,LI J T,et al. Evaluation of soil heavy metals accumulation in the fast economy development region[J].Environmental Science,2010,1(6):1608-1616(in Chinese).
[23]李萍,薛粟尹,王胜利,等.兰州市大气降尘重金属污染评价及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1021-1028.LI P,XUE L Y,WANG S L,et al. Pollution evaluation and eealth risk rssessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1021-1028(in Chinese).
[24]郭金停,周俊,胡蓓蓓,等.天津城市公园灰尘重金属污染健康风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(2):415-420.GUO J T,ZHOU J,HU B B,et al. Health risk assessment on heavy metals in dust of urban parks in Tianjin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(2):415-420(in Chinese).
[25]李如忠,潘成荣,陈婧,等.铜陵市区表土与灰尘重金属污染健康风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2261-2270.LI R Z,PAN C R,CHEN J,et al. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment for urban topsoil and dust in Tongling City[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(12):2261-2270(in Chinese).
[26]北京市环境保护科学研究院. DB11/T 656-2009.场地环境评价导则[S].北京:北京市质量技术监督局. 2009.Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection. DB11/T 656-2009. Site environmental assessment guidelines[S].Beijing:Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,2009(in Chinese).
[27]王凯,凌其聪.武汉城市街道灰尘Cd和Pb的季节变化规律及健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,2014,45(3):716-721.WANG K,LING Q C. Seasonal variation of heavy metals and health risk assessment in sheet dust in Wuhan[J]. Chinese jourmal of Soil Science,2014,45(3):716-721(in Chinese).
[28] LI Z,MA Z,KUIJP T J V D,et al. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:Pollution and health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468-469:843-853.
[29]张文超,吕森林,刘丁彧,等.宣威街道尘中重金属的分布特征及其健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1810-1817.ZHANG W C,LV S L,LIU D Y,et al. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the street dusts in Xuanwei and their health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1810-1817(in Chinese).
[30]钱鹏,郑祥民,周立旻,等. 312国道沿线土壤、灰尘重金属污染现状及影响因素[J].环境化学,2010,29(6):1139-1146.QIAN P,ZHENG X M,ZHOU L Y,et al. State and influencing factors of heavy metal pollution in soil and dust along national highway 312[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2010,29(6):1139-1146(in Chinese).
[31]黄敏,杨海舟,余萃,等.武汉市土壤重金属积累特征及其污染评价[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):135-139.HUA M,YANG H D,YU C,et al. Accumulation characteristics and population evaluation of heavy metals in soils of Wuhan City[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(4):135-139(in Chinese).
[32]熊汉锋,鲁菊华,李倩,等.鄂州市蔬菜地土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境与发展,2008,20(5):36-39.XIONG H F,LU J H,LI Q,et al. The soil heavy mental pollution assessment of vegetable land of Ezhou City[J]. Inner Mongolia Environmental Science,2008,20(5):36-39(in Chinese).
[33]张一修,王济,张浩.贵阳市区地表灰尘重金属污染分析与评价[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):169-174.ZAHNG Y X,WANG J,ZHANG H. Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution from surface dust in Guiyang City[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(1):169-174(in Chinese).
[34] Wilding L P. Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil survey[A]. In:Nielson D R,Bouma J(Eds).Soil Spatial Variations[M]. Wageningen,Netherlands:Pudoc,1985,166-194.
[35]邵莉,肖化云,吴代赦,等.交通源重金属污染研究进展[J].地球与环境,2012,40(3):445-459.SHAO L,XIAO H Y,WU D S,et al. Research progress of heavy metal pollution from traffic sources[J]. Earth and Environmental,2012,40(3):445-459(in Chinese).
[2]孙宗斌,周俊,胡蓓蓓,等.天津城市道路灰尘重金属污染特征[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(1):157-163.SUN Z B,ZHOU J,HU B B,et al. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in urban street dust of Tianjin[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(1):157-163(in Chinese).
[3] WEI L,WANG K,NOGUERA D R,et al. Transformation and speciation of typical heavy metals in soil aquifer treatment system during long time recharging with sec ondary effluent:Depth distribution and combination[J]. Chemosphere,2016,165:100-109.
[4]张一修,王济,秦樊鑫,等.贵阳市道路灰尘和土壤重金属来源识别比较[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):204-212.ZHANG Y X,WANG J,QIN F X,et al. Comparison of sources of metals in road-dust and soil in Guiyang[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(1):204-212(in Chinese).
[5] AHMED F,ISHIGA H. Trace metal concentrations in street dusts of Dhaka City,Bangladesh[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(21):3835-3844.
[6] SHI Y,MU X,LI K,et al. Soil characterization and differential patterns of heavy metal accumulation in woody plants grown in coal gangue wastelands in Shaanxi,China[J]. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2016,23(13):13489-13497.
[7] BROWN J N,PEAKE B M. Sources of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff.[J]. The Science of the Total Environment,2006,359(1-3):145-155.
[8] ACOSTA J A,GABARRON M,FAZ A,et al. Influence of population density on the concentration and speciation of metals in the soil and street dust from urban areas[J]. Chemosphere,2015,134:328-337.
[9] WEI B,JIANG F,LI X,et al. Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in urban road dusts from Urumqi,NW China[J]. Microchemical Journal,2009,93(2):147-152.
[10]史贵涛,陈振楼,许世远,等.上海城市公园土壤及灰尘中重金属污染特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(2):238-242.SHI G T,CHEN Z L,XU S Y,et al. Characteristics of heavy metal pollution in soil and dust of urban parks in Shanghai[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(2):238-242(in Chinese).
[11]李如忠,周爱佳,童芳,等.合肥市城区地表灰尘重金属分布特征及环境健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2011,32(9):2661-2668.LI R Z,ZHOU A J,DONG F,et al. Distribution of metals in urban dusts of Hefei and health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science,2011,32(9):2661-2668(in Chinese).
[12] NAJMEDDIN A,KESHAVARZI B,MOORE F,et al. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in road dust from urban industrial areas of Ahvaz megacity,Iran.[J]. Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2017(4):1-22.
[13] JADOON W A,KHPALWAK W,CHIDYA R C G,et al. Evaluation of levels,sources and health hazards of road-dust associated toxic metals in Jalalabad and Kabul cities,afghanistan[J]. Archives of Environmental Contamination&Toxicology,2018,74(3):1-14.
[14] REHMAN I U,ISHAQ M,ALI L,et al. Enrichment,spatial distribution of potential ecological and human health risk assessment via toxic metals in soil and surface water ingestion in the vicinity of Sewakht mines,district Chitral,Northern Pakistan[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2018,154:127-136.
[15] WANG W L,LIU R H,LU X Y,et al. Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk assessment of swine manure irrigated vegetable soils in Jiangxi Province,China[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2018,100(5):634-640.
[16] KOSE T,YAMAMOTO T,ANEGAWA A,et al. Source analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in road dust and urban runoff using marker compounds[J]. Desalination,2008,226(1):151-159.
[17] MVLLER G. Schwermetalle in den sedimenten des Rheins-Veranderungen seit[J]. Umsch Wiss Tech. 1979,79:778-783.
[18] LU X,WANG L,KAI L,et al. Contamination assessment of copper,lead,zinc,manganese and nickel in street dust of Baoji,NW China[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,161(2-3):1058-1062.
[19]方文稳,张丽,叶生霞,等.安庆市降尘重金属的污染评价与健康风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(12):3795-3803.FANG W W,ZHANG L,YE S X,et al. Pollution evaluation and health risk assessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Anqing[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(12):3795-3803(in Chinese).
[20]魏复盛,陈静生,吴燕玉.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社. 1990.WEI F S,CHEN J S,WU Y Y. CNEMC(China National Environmental Monitoring Center),The Backgrounds of Soil Encironment in China[M]. Beijing:China Environmnetal Science Press,1990(in Chinese).
[21]张兆永,吉力力·阿不都外力,姜逢清.艾比湖流域大气降尘重金属的污染和健康风险[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(6):1645-1653.ZHANG Z Y,JI L L·A B D W L,JIANG F Q. Pollution and potential health risk of heavy metals in deposited atmospheric dusts in Ebinur Basin,northwest China[J]. China Environmental Science,2015,35(6):1645-1653(in Chinese).
[22]钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等.经济快速发展区土壤重金属累积评价[J].环境科学,2010,31(6):1608-1616.ZHONG X L,ZHOU S L,LI J T,et al. Evaluation of soil heavy metals accumulation in the fast economy development region[J].Environmental Science,2010,1(6):1608-1616(in Chinese).
[23]李萍,薛粟尹,王胜利,等.兰州市大气降尘重金属污染评价及健康风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(3):1021-1028.LI P,XUE L Y,WANG S L,et al. Pollution evaluation and eealth risk rssessment of heavy metals from atmospheric deposition in Lanzhou[J]. Environmental Science,2014,35(3):1021-1028(in Chinese).
[24]郭金停,周俊,胡蓓蓓,等.天津城市公园灰尘重金属污染健康风险评价[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(2):415-420.GUO J T,ZHOU J,HU B B,et al. Health risk assessment on heavy metals in dust of urban parks in Tianjin[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(2):415-420(in Chinese).
[25]李如忠,潘成荣,陈婧,等.铜陵市区表土与灰尘重金属污染健康风险评估[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(12):2261-2270.LI R Z,PAN C R,CHEN J,et al. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment for urban topsoil and dust in Tongling City[J].China Environmental Science,2012,32(12):2261-2270(in Chinese).
[26]北京市环境保护科学研究院. DB11/T 656-2009.场地环境评价导则[S].北京:北京市质量技术监督局. 2009.Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection. DB11/T 656-2009. Site environmental assessment guidelines[S].Beijing:Beijing Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision,2009(in Chinese).
[27]王凯,凌其聪.武汉城市街道灰尘Cd和Pb的季节变化规律及健康风险评价[J].土壤通报,2014,45(3):716-721.WANG K,LING Q C. Seasonal variation of heavy metals and health risk assessment in sheet dust in Wuhan[J]. Chinese jourmal of Soil Science,2014,45(3):716-721(in Chinese).
[28] LI Z,MA Z,KUIJP T J V D,et al. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from mines in China:Pollution and health risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,468-469:843-853.
[29]张文超,吕森林,刘丁彧,等.宣威街道尘中重金属的分布特征及其健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1810-1817.ZHANG W C,LV S L,LIU D Y,et al. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the street dusts in Xuanwei and their health risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science,2015,36(5):1810-1817(in Chinese).
[30]钱鹏,郑祥民,周立旻,等. 312国道沿线土壤、灰尘重金属污染现状及影响因素[J].环境化学,2010,29(6):1139-1146.QIAN P,ZHENG X M,ZHOU L Y,et al. State and influencing factors of heavy metal pollution in soil and dust along national highway 312[J]. Environmental Chemistry,2010,29(6):1139-1146(in Chinese).
[31]黄敏,杨海舟,余萃,等.武汉市土壤重金属积累特征及其污染评价[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):135-139.HUA M,YANG H D,YU C,et al. Accumulation characteristics and population evaluation of heavy metals in soils of Wuhan City[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(4):135-139(in Chinese).
[32]熊汉锋,鲁菊华,李倩,等.鄂州市蔬菜地土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境与发展,2008,20(5):36-39.XIONG H F,LU J H,LI Q,et al. The soil heavy mental pollution assessment of vegetable land of Ezhou City[J]. Inner Mongolia Environmental Science,2008,20(5):36-39(in Chinese).
[33]张一修,王济,张浩.贵阳市区地表灰尘重金属污染分析与评价[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(1):169-174.ZAHNG Y X,WANG J,ZHANG H. Analysis and evaluation of heavy metal pollution from surface dust in Guiyang City[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(1):169-174(in Chinese).
[34] Wilding L P. Spatial variability:Its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil survey[A]. In:Nielson D R,Bouma J(Eds).Soil Spatial Variations[M]. Wageningen,Netherlands:Pudoc,1985,166-194.
[35]邵莉,肖化云,吴代赦,等.交通源重金属污染研究进展[J].地球与环境,2012,40(3):445-459.SHAO L,XIAO H Y,WU D S,et al. Research progress of heavy metal pollution from traffic sources[J]. Earth and Environmental,2012,40(3):445-459(in Chinese).