西方国家乡村空间转型研究及其启示
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摘要
西方国家对乡村空间的认识经历物质、意象再到三元综合体的深化,后者作为西方学界理解乡村空间的系统性理论框架,为研究从生产主义到后生产主义的转型过程提供全新视角。西方国家的乡村分化表明,乡村空间转型的功能与价值重塑,在全球乡村视角下有一般规律性,对中国乡村空间转型研究有重要启示。当前中国正处于城乡空间加速重构的关键时期,加强乡村空间及其转型在多维度认知、多功能趋势和多主体机制等方面的研究,形成具有中国特色的乡村地理学研究范式,响应乡村振兴的时代主题。
Recognition of rural space in western countries has undergone a profound turn from material and ideational space to the three-fold model of rural space proposed by Halfacree. Fundamentally influenced by"the production of space"and widely accepted as the systematic theoretical framework of rural space in western world, this model provides a whole new perspective on the transition of rural space in western countries from productivism to post-productivism. Differentiated rural space in western countries manifest that affected by interwoven forces of globalization, urbanization and modernization, dynamics and patterns of rural space transition development has been regenerated by combination and reorganization of essential productive factors, as well as its functions and values. Process of rural space transition in western countries reflects general rules in the view of"global countryside"proposed by Woods, which offers a great and significant enlightenment for studies in China. Based on the situation that urban and rural space is going through a critical period of accelerated reconstruction, theoretical guidance is urgently needed for newly emerging problems, patterns and forces,especially more studies on multi-dimensional cognition, multi-functional trend and multi-agent mechanism of rural space and its transition. In the end, this paper calls for establishing research paradigm of rural geography with Chinese characteristics, so as to better respond to the theme of the times on rural revitalization
Recognition of rural space in western countries has undergone a profound turn from material and ideational space to the three-fold model of rural space proposed by Halfacree. Fundamentally influenced by"the production of space"and widely accepted as the systematic theoretical framework of rural space in western world, this model provides a whole new perspective on the transition of rural space in western countries from productivism to post-productivism. Differentiated rural space in western countries manifest that affected by interwoven forces of globalization, urbanization and modernization, dynamics and patterns of rural space transition development has been regenerated by combination and reorganization of essential productive factors, as well as its functions and values. Process of rural space transition in western countries reflects general rules in the view of"global countryside"proposed by Woods, which offers a great and significant enlightenment for studies in China. Based on the situation that urban and rural space is going through a critical period of accelerated reconstruction, theoretical guidance is urgently needed for newly emerging problems, patterns and forces,especially more studies on multi-dimensional cognition, multi-functional trend and multi-agent mechanism of rural space and its transition. In the end, this paper calls for establishing research paradigm of rural geography with Chinese characteristics, so as to better respond to the theme of the times on rural revitalization
引文
[1] Daniels P, Bradshaw M, Shaw D et al. An introduction to human geography:Issues for the 21st century(3rdedition)[M]. Harlow:Pearson, 2008.
[2] Murdoch J, Lowe P, Ward N et al. The differentiated countryside[M]. London:Routledge, 2003.
[3] Bosworth G, Somerville P. Interpreting rurality:Multidisciplinary approaches[M]. New York:Routledge, 2014.
[4] Newby H. Locality and rurality:The restructuring of rural social relations[J]. Regional Studies, 1986, 20(3):209-215.
[5] Halfacree K. Heterolocal identities? Counter-urbanisation, second homes, and rural consumption in the era of mobilities[J].International Journal of Population Geography, 2012, 18(2):209-224.
[6]余斌,卢燕,曾菊新,等.乡村生活空间研究进展及展望[J].地理科学, 2017, 37(3):375-385.[Yu Bin, Lu Yan, Zeng Juxin et al. Progress and prospect on rural living space. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,37(3):375-385.]
[7]叶超.人文地理学空间思想的几次重大转折[J].人文地理,2012, 27(5):1-5.[Ye Chao. The significant turns of thoughts on space in Human geography. Human Geography, 2012,27(5):1-5.]
[8] Hoggart K, Paniagua A. What rural restructuring?[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2001, 17(1):41-62.
[9] Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P. Handbook of Rural Studies[M].London:Sage, 2006.
[10] Woods M. Rural[M]. Abingdon:Routledge, 2011.
[11]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,等.中国乡村转型重构研究进展与展望——逻辑主线与内容框架[J].地理科学进展, 2015, 34(8):1019-1030.[Yang Ren, Liu Yansui, Long Hualou et al. Research progress and prospect of rural transformation and reconstruction in China:Paradigms and main content. Progress in Geography, 2015,34(8):1019-1030.]
[12]龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知[J].地理科学进展,2018, 37(5):581-590.[Long Hualou, Tu Shuangshuang. Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring. Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):581-590.]
[13] Long H L, Liu Y S. Rural restructuring in China[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 47:387-391.
[14]张小林,盛明.中国乡村地理学研究的重新定向[J].人文地理, 2002, 17(1):81-84.[Zhang Xiaolin, Shen Ming. The reorientation of rural geography in China. Human Geography, 2002,17(1):81-84.]
[15]吕祖宜,林耿.混杂性:关于乡村性的再认识[J].地理研究,2017, 36(10):1873-1885.[Lyu Zuyi, Lin Geng. Hybridity:Rethinking rurality. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(10):1873-1885.]
[16]黄良伟,李广斌,王勇.“时空修复”理论视角下苏南乡村空间分异机制[J].城市发展研究, 2015, 22(3):108-112,118.[Huang Liangwei, Li Guangbin, Wang Yong. The mechanism of rural spatial differentiation in Southern Jiangsu based on‘TimeSpace Fix’Theory. Urban Development Studies, 2015, 22(3):108-112,118.]
[17]李智,张小林.中国地理学对乡村发展的多元视角研究及思考[J].人文地理, 2017, 32(5):1-8.[Li Zhi, Zhang Xiaolin. Pluralistic perspectives and thinking of Chinese rural development in geography study. Human Geography, 2017,32(5):1-8.]
[18] Copp J H. Rural sociology and rural development[J]. Rural Sociology, 1972,37(4):515-533.
[19] Potter J, Wetherell M. Discourse and Social Psychology[M].London:Sage, 1987.
[20]叶超,柴彦威,张小林.“空间的生产”理论、研究进展及其对中国城市研究的启示[J].经济地理, 2011, 31(3):409-413.[Ye Chao, Chai Yanwei, Zhang Xiaolin. Review on studies on production of urban space. Economic Geography, 2011,31(3):409-413.]
[21]刘怀玉.《空间的生产》若干问题研究[J].哲学动态, 2014(11):18-28.[Liu Huaiyu. Kongjian de shengchan ruogan wenti yanjiu. Philosophical Trends, 2014(11):18-28.]
[22] Halfacree K. Rural space:Constructing a three-fold architecture. in Handbook of Rural Studies[M]//Cloke P, Marsden T,Mooney P. Handbook of rural studies. London:Sage, 2006.
[23] Halfacree K. Trial by space for a‘radical rural’:Introducing alternative localities, representations and lives[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2007, 23(2):125-141.
[24]龙花楼,胡智超,邹健.英国乡村发展政策演变及启示[J].地理研究, 2010, 29(8):1369-1378.[Long Hualou, Hu Zhichao,Zou Jian. The evolution of rural policy in Britain and its policy implications for rural development in China. Geographical Research, 2010,29(8):1369-1378.]
[25] Gosnell H, Abrams J. Amenity migration:Diverse conceptualizations of drivers, socio-economic dimensions, and emerging challenges[J]. Geo Journal, 2011,76(4):303-322.
[26] Mitchell C J A. Creative destruction or creative enhancement?Understanding the transformation of rural spaces[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2013, 32:375-387.
[27] McCarthy J. Rural geography:Multifunctional rural geographies-reactionary or radical[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2005, 29(6):773-782.
[28] Somerville P, Halfacree K, Bosworth G. Interpreting Rurality:Multidisciplinary Approaches[M]. Oxon:Routledge, 2014.
[29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2017.[National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2017.]
[30]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2016年农民工监测调查报告[R/OL]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201704/t20170428_148-9334. html.[National Bureau of Statistics of the People’S Republic of China. 2016 Rural migrant workers monitoring survey report. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201704/t20170428_1489334.html.]
[31]刘云刚,仵明霞.领域化视角下的珠三角乡村城市化再思考——以广州市旧水坑村为例[J].地理科学, 2016, 36(12):1834-1842.[Liu Yungang, Wu Mingxia. Rural urbanization and territorialization in the Pearl River Delta:A case study of Jiushui-keng village in Guangzhou City. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(12):1834-1842.]
[32]杨忍,陈燕纯,徐茜.基于政府力和社会力交互作用视角的半城市化地区工业用地演化特征及其机制研究——以佛山市顺德区为例[J].地理科学, 2018, 38(4):511-521.[Yang Ren,Chen Yanchun, Xu Qian. Evolution of rural industrial land use in semi-urbanized areas and its multi-dynamic mechanism:A case study of Shunde district in Foshan City. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(4):511-521.]
[33] Perkins H, Macka M, Espiner S. Putting pinot alongside merino in Cromwell District, Central Otago, New Zealand:Rural amenity and the making of the global countryside[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2015,39(3):85-98.
[34] Burdack J, Nadler R, Woods M. Rural regions, globalization and regional responses:The case of oberlausitz region[M]. UK:Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[35] Woods M. Economic entanglements and the re-shaping of place in the global countryside[M]//Diez J R, Tamásy C. Regional resilience, economy and society:Globalising rural places. London:Routledge, 2016.
[36] Woods M. Engaging the global countryside:Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2007, 31(4):485-507.
[37]张小林.乡村空间系统及其演变研究:以苏南为例[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999.[Zhang Xiaolin. Research on rural space system and its evolution:A case of Southern Jiangsu Province. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University Press, 1999.]
[38]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构[J].地理学报, 2017, 72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou, Tu Shuangshuang. Rural restructuring:Theory, approach and research prospect. Acta Geographical Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[39]李红波,胡晓亮,张小林等.乡村空间辨析[J].地理科学进展,2018, 37(5):591-600.[Li Hongbo, Hu Xiaoliang, Zhang Xiaolin et al. On the analysis of rural space. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(5):591-600.]
[40]李智,张小林,李红波等.基于村域尺度的乡村性评价及乡村发展模式研究——以江苏省金坛市为例[J].地理科学, 2017,37(8):1194-1202.[Li Zhi, Zhang Xiaolin, Li Hongbo et al. Research on rurality at village scale and rural development model:A case of Jintan city, Jiangsu Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,37(8):1194-1202.]
[41]陈培培,张敏.从美丽乡村到都市居民消费空间——行动者网络理论与大世凹村的社会空间重构[J].地理研究, 2015, 34(8):1435-1446.[Chen Peipei, Zhang Min. From beautiful village to urban residents'consumption space:Actor-network theory and the social space reconstruction of Dashiao village. Geographical Research, 2015,34(8):1435-1446.]
[42]贺雪峰.关于实施乡村振兴战略的几个问题[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 18(3):19-26.[He Xuefeng. Some issues in Rural Thriving Strategy implementation. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2018,18(3):19-26.
(1)Cloke在1992年运用调节学派理论中的“调节模式”和“社会化模式”2个概念解析乡村空间转型。
(2)综合了Halfacree的2006年和2007年2篇文章关于structured coherence的解释。
[2] Murdoch J, Lowe P, Ward N et al. The differentiated countryside[M]. London:Routledge, 2003.
[3] Bosworth G, Somerville P. Interpreting rurality:Multidisciplinary approaches[M]. New York:Routledge, 2014.
[4] Newby H. Locality and rurality:The restructuring of rural social relations[J]. Regional Studies, 1986, 20(3):209-215.
[5] Halfacree K. Heterolocal identities? Counter-urbanisation, second homes, and rural consumption in the era of mobilities[J].International Journal of Population Geography, 2012, 18(2):209-224.
[6]余斌,卢燕,曾菊新,等.乡村生活空间研究进展及展望[J].地理科学, 2017, 37(3):375-385.[Yu Bin, Lu Yan, Zeng Juxin et al. Progress and prospect on rural living space. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,37(3):375-385.]
[7]叶超.人文地理学空间思想的几次重大转折[J].人文地理,2012, 27(5):1-5.[Ye Chao. The significant turns of thoughts on space in Human geography. Human Geography, 2012,27(5):1-5.]
[8] Hoggart K, Paniagua A. What rural restructuring?[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2001, 17(1):41-62.
[9] Cloke P, Marsden T, Mooney P. Handbook of Rural Studies[M].London:Sage, 2006.
[10] Woods M. Rural[M]. Abingdon:Routledge, 2011.
[11]杨忍,刘彦随,龙花楼,等.中国乡村转型重构研究进展与展望——逻辑主线与内容框架[J].地理科学进展, 2015, 34(8):1019-1030.[Yang Ren, Liu Yansui, Long Hualou et al. Research progress and prospect of rural transformation and reconstruction in China:Paradigms and main content. Progress in Geography, 2015,34(8):1019-1030.]
[12]龙花楼,屠爽爽.乡村重构的理论认知[J].地理科学进展,2018, 37(5):581-590.[Long Hualou, Tu Shuangshuang. Theoretical thinking of rural restructuring. Progress in Geography,2018,37(5):581-590.]
[13] Long H L, Liu Y S. Rural restructuring in China[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 47:387-391.
[14]张小林,盛明.中国乡村地理学研究的重新定向[J].人文地理, 2002, 17(1):81-84.[Zhang Xiaolin, Shen Ming. The reorientation of rural geography in China. Human Geography, 2002,17(1):81-84.]
[15]吕祖宜,林耿.混杂性:关于乡村性的再认识[J].地理研究,2017, 36(10):1873-1885.[Lyu Zuyi, Lin Geng. Hybridity:Rethinking rurality. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(10):1873-1885.]
[16]黄良伟,李广斌,王勇.“时空修复”理论视角下苏南乡村空间分异机制[J].城市发展研究, 2015, 22(3):108-112,118.[Huang Liangwei, Li Guangbin, Wang Yong. The mechanism of rural spatial differentiation in Southern Jiangsu based on‘TimeSpace Fix’Theory. Urban Development Studies, 2015, 22(3):108-112,118.]
[17]李智,张小林.中国地理学对乡村发展的多元视角研究及思考[J].人文地理, 2017, 32(5):1-8.[Li Zhi, Zhang Xiaolin. Pluralistic perspectives and thinking of Chinese rural development in geography study. Human Geography, 2017,32(5):1-8.]
[18] Copp J H. Rural sociology and rural development[J]. Rural Sociology, 1972,37(4):515-533.
[19] Potter J, Wetherell M. Discourse and Social Psychology[M].London:Sage, 1987.
[20]叶超,柴彦威,张小林.“空间的生产”理论、研究进展及其对中国城市研究的启示[J].经济地理, 2011, 31(3):409-413.[Ye Chao, Chai Yanwei, Zhang Xiaolin. Review on studies on production of urban space. Economic Geography, 2011,31(3):409-413.]
[21]刘怀玉.《空间的生产》若干问题研究[J].哲学动态, 2014(11):18-28.[Liu Huaiyu. Kongjian de shengchan ruogan wenti yanjiu. Philosophical Trends, 2014(11):18-28.]
[22] Halfacree K. Rural space:Constructing a three-fold architecture. in Handbook of Rural Studies[M]//Cloke P, Marsden T,Mooney P. Handbook of rural studies. London:Sage, 2006.
[23] Halfacree K. Trial by space for a‘radical rural’:Introducing alternative localities, representations and lives[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2007, 23(2):125-141.
[24]龙花楼,胡智超,邹健.英国乡村发展政策演变及启示[J].地理研究, 2010, 29(8):1369-1378.[Long Hualou, Hu Zhichao,Zou Jian. The evolution of rural policy in Britain and its policy implications for rural development in China. Geographical Research, 2010,29(8):1369-1378.]
[25] Gosnell H, Abrams J. Amenity migration:Diverse conceptualizations of drivers, socio-economic dimensions, and emerging challenges[J]. Geo Journal, 2011,76(4):303-322.
[26] Mitchell C J A. Creative destruction or creative enhancement?Understanding the transformation of rural spaces[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2013, 32:375-387.
[27] McCarthy J. Rural geography:Multifunctional rural geographies-reactionary or radical[J]. Progress in Human Geography,2005, 29(6):773-782.
[28] Somerville P, Halfacree K, Bosworth G. Interpreting Rurality:Multidisciplinary Approaches[M]. Oxon:Routledge, 2014.
[29]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2017.[National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China statistical yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press, 2017.]
[30]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 2016年农民工监测调查报告[R/OL]. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201704/t20170428_148-9334. html.[National Bureau of Statistics of the People’S Republic of China. 2016 Rural migrant workers monitoring survey report. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201704/t20170428_1489334.html.]
[31]刘云刚,仵明霞.领域化视角下的珠三角乡村城市化再思考——以广州市旧水坑村为例[J].地理科学, 2016, 36(12):1834-1842.[Liu Yungang, Wu Mingxia. Rural urbanization and territorialization in the Pearl River Delta:A case study of Jiushui-keng village in Guangzhou City. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(12):1834-1842.]
[32]杨忍,陈燕纯,徐茜.基于政府力和社会力交互作用视角的半城市化地区工业用地演化特征及其机制研究——以佛山市顺德区为例[J].地理科学, 2018, 38(4):511-521.[Yang Ren,Chen Yanchun, Xu Qian. Evolution of rural industrial land use in semi-urbanized areas and its multi-dynamic mechanism:A case study of Shunde district in Foshan City. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(4):511-521.]
[33] Perkins H, Macka M, Espiner S. Putting pinot alongside merino in Cromwell District, Central Otago, New Zealand:Rural amenity and the making of the global countryside[J]. Journal of Rural Studies, 2015,39(3):85-98.
[34] Burdack J, Nadler R, Woods M. Rural regions, globalization and regional responses:The case of oberlausitz region[M]. UK:Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
[35] Woods M. Economic entanglements and the re-shaping of place in the global countryside[M]//Diez J R, Tamásy C. Regional resilience, economy and society:Globalising rural places. London:Routledge, 2016.
[36] Woods M. Engaging the global countryside:Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2007, 31(4):485-507.
[37]张小林.乡村空间系统及其演变研究:以苏南为例[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,1999.[Zhang Xiaolin. Research on rural space system and its evolution:A case of Southern Jiangsu Province. Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University Press, 1999.]
[38]龙花楼,屠爽爽.论乡村重构[J].地理学报, 2017, 72(4):563-576.[Long Hualou, Tu Shuangshuang. Rural restructuring:Theory, approach and research prospect. Acta Geographical Sinica,2017,72(4):563-576.]
[39]李红波,胡晓亮,张小林等.乡村空间辨析[J].地理科学进展,2018, 37(5):591-600.[Li Hongbo, Hu Xiaoliang, Zhang Xiaolin et al. On the analysis of rural space. Progress in Geography, 2018,37(5):591-600.]
[40]李智,张小林,李红波等.基于村域尺度的乡村性评价及乡村发展模式研究——以江苏省金坛市为例[J].地理科学, 2017,37(8):1194-1202.[Li Zhi, Zhang Xiaolin, Li Hongbo et al. Research on rurality at village scale and rural development model:A case of Jintan city, Jiangsu Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2017,37(8):1194-1202.]
[41]陈培培,张敏.从美丽乡村到都市居民消费空间——行动者网络理论与大世凹村的社会空间重构[J].地理研究, 2015, 34(8):1435-1446.[Chen Peipei, Zhang Min. From beautiful village to urban residents'consumption space:Actor-network theory and the social space reconstruction of Dashiao village. Geographical Research, 2015,34(8):1435-1446.]
[42]贺雪峰.关于实施乡村振兴战略的几个问题[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 18(3):19-26.[He Xuefeng. Some issues in Rural Thriving Strategy implementation. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2018,18(3):19-26.
(1)Cloke在1992年运用调节学派理论中的“调节模式”和“社会化模式”2个概念解析乡村空间转型。
(2)综合了Halfacree的2006年和2007年2篇文章关于structured coherence的解释。
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