昆明翠湖越冬红嘴鸥行为谱及PAE编码系统
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摘要
采用定点观察、影像调查、追踪观察、瞬时扫描等方法对云南省昆明市翠湖公园内越冬红嘴鸥的日间行为进行调查研究,归纳并建立了红嘴鸥日间行为谱及其PAE编码系统。共记录到红嘴鸥9大类44种行为,类别包括非飞行类运动、迁飞、觅食、通讯、集群、清洁、停歇、竞争对抗、避害。结合人为干扰及斑块化生境中红嘴鸥的行为,在其行为生态及行为功能基础上进行分类。结果表明,人为因素是影响红嘴鸥在翠湖越冬期间行为的主要因素。
The daytime behavior of wintering black-headed gull(Larus ridibundus) was researched in Cuihu Park of Kunming by means of fixed-point observation, image investigation, tracking observation and instantaneous scanning.The ethogram and PAE coding system of black-headed gull were summarized and established.This research recorded 44 behaviors belonging to 9 major groups of no-flying activities, flight, foraging, communication, grouping behavior, cleaning,resting, competition and escape.The relative frequency of each behavior in different ecological functions was analyzed based on the human disturbance and fragmented habitat.The results showed that human disturbance was the the main factor affecting the behavior of wintering black-headed gull in Cuihu Park.
The daytime behavior of wintering black-headed gull(Larus ridibundus) was researched in Cuihu Park of Kunming by means of fixed-point observation, image investigation, tracking observation and instantaneous scanning.The ethogram and PAE coding system of black-headed gull were summarized and established.This research recorded 44 behaviors belonging to 9 major groups of no-flying activities, flight, foraging, communication, grouping behavior, cleaning,resting, competition and escape.The relative frequency of each behavior in different ecological functions was analyzed based on the human disturbance and fragmented habitat.The results showed that human disturbance was the the main factor affecting the behavior of wintering black-headed gull in Cuihu Park.
引文
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[2] GRIER J W.Biology of Animal Behavior(Second Edition)[M].Maryland:Mosby-Year Book,1992.
[3] DAWKINS R.The oxford companion to animal behavior[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987.
[4] GOKULA V.An ethogram of Spot-billed Pelican(Pelecanus philippensis)[J].Chinese Birds,2011,2(4):183-192.
[5] LENNER P M.Handbook of ethological methods(2nd ed)[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1996.
[6] MAKKINK G F.An attempt at an ethogram of the European avocet(Recurvirostra avosetta L.),with ethological and psychological remarks[J].Ardea,1936,25:1-62.
[7] 孙儒泳.动物生态学原理[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,2006.
[8] 尚玉昌.行为生态学(第二版)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[9] 伊藤嘉昭,村井实.动物生态学研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,1977.
[10] 邵明勤,阿布力米提·阿布都卡迪尔,高行宜,等.鸟类行为研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2002,19(2):75-80.
[11] 赵雪冰,王紫江,吴兆录.红嘴鸥繁殖地与越冬地的环境和生活习性对比[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(S2):387-390.
[12] 吴兆录,赵雪冰,王紫江,等.昆明越冬红嘴鸥适应人工喂食的野性丧失与管理[J].云南地理环境研究,2009,21(5):2-5.
[13] 王紫江.红嘴鸥[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,1994.
[14] 王紫江,叶茵.人鸥情未了[M].昆明:云南人民出版社,2007.
[15] 陈水华,丁平,范忠勇,等.城市鸟类对斑块状园林栖息地的选择性[J].动物学研究,2002,23(1):31-38.
[16] 蒋志刚.动物行为的实时记录[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[17] JIANG Z G.Behavior coding and ethogram of the Père David′s deer[J].Acta Theriologica Sinica,2000(1):1-14.
[18] 龙帅,周材权,王维奎,等.矮岩羊(Pseudois schaeferi)行为谱及PAE编码系统[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5632-5640.
[19] KUBETZKI U,GARTHE S.Distribution diet and habitat selection by four sympatrically breeding gull species in the South-eastern North Sea[J].Marine Biology,2003,143:99-207.
[20] 王紫江,黄海魁,吴金亮,等.红嘴鸥在昆明越冬20年间的分布及数量变动规律[M]//王月冲,王紫江,高正文等.保护鸟类和谐发展.昆明:云南科技出版社,2006.
[21] 陈水华,丁平,郑光美,等.城市鸟类群落生态学研究展望[J].动物学研究,2000,21(2):165-169.
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