莱州湾南岸高、中和低密度柽柳林地土壤理化特征
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摘要
为了探讨莱州湾南岸滩涂上不同密度柽柳林(Tamarixchinensis)地的土壤理化性质,以山东昌邑海洋生态特别保护区内的低密度(2 200株/hm2)、中密度(3 600株/hm2)和高密度(4 900株/hm2)柽柳林地为研究对象,采用样方法,采集0～30 cm深度和30～60 cm深度土层的土壤样品,测定分析土壤样品的理化指标。研究结果表明,在垂直结构上,3种密度柽柳林地上层(0～30 cm深度层)土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质含量、总有机碳含量和各种养分含量显著大于下层(30～60 cm深度层)土壤,而上层土壤容重、含水量、含盐量和pH则显著小于下层土壤;中密度柽柳林地的0～60 cm深度土壤的孔隙度、含水量、有机质含量、总有机碳含量和各种养分含量都相对最大,低密度柽柳林地的相应指标都相对最小;在3种密度柽柳林地中,土壤容重分别与毛管孔隙度、含水量显著负相关,土壤含盐量和pH分别与有机质含量、总有机碳含量以及各种养分含量显著负相关,土壤有机质含量和总有机碳含量分别与土壤各种养分含量显著正相关;柽柳林密度可以显著影响土壤理化性质,中密度柽柳林改良滩涂土壤的效果相对最佳,其能改善滩涂土壤的物理结构,提升土壤贮存、供应养分能力,减少土壤中的盐碱含量。
The soil physicochemical characteristics of the lands with high(4 900 trees/hm2), medium(3 600 trees/hm2), and low(2 200 trees/hm2) densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs in the coastal intertidal zone, Changyi National Special Marine Ecology Reserve, Shandong province were studied. Fifteen 10 m×10 m quadrats were set up to collect soil samples with the depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that the soil porosity, contents of organic matter, total organic carbon and various nutrients in the upper soil layer(0-30 cm depth) of lands with high, medium and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs were significantly higher than those in the lower layer(30-60 cm depth), while the soil bulk density, water content, soil salinity and pH in the upper soil layer were significantly lower than those in the lower layer. Soil porosity, contents of water, organic matter, total organic carbon and various nutrients in both soil layers in the land with medium density's Tamarix chinensis shrub were the maximums relatively, followed by those with high and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs. In the lands with high, medium and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs, the soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil water content and capillary porosity; the soil salinity and pH both were negatively correlated with contents of organic matter, total organic carbon and various nutrients; the contents of organic matter, total organic carbon both were positively correlated with various nutrients in the soil. Densities of Tamarix chinensis shrubs had significant effects on the soil physical and chemical properties of the coastal intertidal zone, and medium density's Tamarix chinensis shrub had the best effect on soil improvement, followed by high and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs. The medium density's Tamarix chinensis shrub could improve the physical structure of the soil, and to enhance the ability of soil to support plant growth and development, reduce soil salinity, and improve soil nutrients in the coastal intertidal zone, Changyi National Special Marine Ecology Reserve.
The soil physicochemical characteristics of the lands with high(4 900 trees/hm2), medium(3 600 trees/hm2), and low(2 200 trees/hm2) densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs in the coastal intertidal zone, Changyi National Special Marine Ecology Reserve, Shandong province were studied. Fifteen 10 m×10 m quadrats were set up to collect soil samples with the depths of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil samples were analyzed. The results showed that the soil porosity, contents of organic matter, total organic carbon and various nutrients in the upper soil layer(0-30 cm depth) of lands with high, medium and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs were significantly higher than those in the lower layer(30-60 cm depth), while the soil bulk density, water content, soil salinity and pH in the upper soil layer were significantly lower than those in the lower layer. Soil porosity, contents of water, organic matter, total organic carbon and various nutrients in both soil layers in the land with medium density's Tamarix chinensis shrub were the maximums relatively, followed by those with high and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs. In the lands with high, medium and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs, the soil bulk density was negatively correlated with soil water content and capillary porosity; the soil salinity and pH both were negatively correlated with contents of organic matter, total organic carbon and various nutrients; the contents of organic matter, total organic carbon both were positively correlated with various nutrients in the soil. Densities of Tamarix chinensis shrubs had significant effects on the soil physical and chemical properties of the coastal intertidal zone, and medium density's Tamarix chinensis shrub had the best effect on soil improvement, followed by high and low densities' Tamarix chinensis shrubs. The medium density's Tamarix chinensis shrub could improve the physical structure of the soil, and to enhance the ability of soil to support plant growth and development, reduce soil salinity, and improve soil nutrients in the coastal intertidal zone, Changyi National Special Marine Ecology Reserve.
引文
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[14]樊玉清,王秀海,孟庆生.辽河口湿地芦苇群落退化过程中土壤营养元素和含盐量变化[J].湿地科学, 2013, 111(1):35-40.
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[22]曾锋,邱治军,许秀玉.凋落物分解研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2010, 1199(1):239-243.
[23]孙志高,刘景双.三江平原典型湿地土壤硝态氮和铵态氮垂直运移规律[J].水土保持学报, 2007, 211(6):25-30.
[24]Imada S, Taniguchi T, Acharya K, et al. Vertical distribution of fine roots of Tamarix ramosissima in an arid region of southern Nevada[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2013, 9922(3):46-52.
[25]金继运.土壤钾素研究进展[J].土壤学报, 1993(1):94-101.
[26]陈永金,靖淑慧,杜婷婷,等.滨海湿地原生灌草群落土壤养分与盐分关系[J].南水北调与水利科技, 2015, 1133(5):1029-1034.
[2]何秀平.柽柳对滨海湿地土壤理化性质的影响[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 2014.
[3]赵可夫.植物对盐渍逆境的适应[J].生物学通报, 2002, 37(6):7-10.
[4]李必华,邢尚军,商华妃,等.滨海拓荒植物[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社, 1994.
[5]李晓光,郭凯,封晓辉,等.滨海盐渍区不同土地利用方式土壤-植被系统碳储量研究[J].中国生态农业学报, 2017, 2255(11):1580-1590.
[6]夏江宝,孔雪华,陆兆华,等.滨海湿地不同密度柽柳林土壤调蓄水功能[J].水科学进展, 2012, 2233(5):628-634.
[7]张绪良,张朝晖,徐宗军,等.莱州湾南岸滨海湿地的景观格局变化及累积环境效应[J].生态学杂志, 2009, 2288(12):2437-2443.
[8]刘凤枝,李玉浸.土壤监测分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社, 2015.
[9]邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2006.
[10]张昆,田昆,吕宪国.旅游干扰对纳帕海湖滨草甸湿地土壤水文调蓄功能的影响[J].水科学进展, 2009, 2200(6):800-805.
[11]任韧希子.黄河三角洲沉积特征与环境演变研究[D].上海:华东师范大学, 2012.
[12]宋香静,李胜男,韦玮.黄河三角洲柽柳根系分布特征及其影响因素[J].湿地科学, 2017, 1155(5):716-723.
[13]夏江宝,陆兆华,孔雪华,等.黄河三角洲湿地柽柳林生长动态对密度结构的响应特征[J].湿地科学, 2012, 1100(3):332-338.
[14]樊玉清,王秀海,孟庆生.辽河口湿地芦苇群落退化过程中土壤营养元素和含盐量变化[J].湿地科学, 2013, 111(1):35-40.
[15]罗永清,赵学勇,李美霞.植物根系分泌物生态效应及其影响因素研究综述[J].应用生态学报, 2012, 2233(12):3496-3504.
[16]袁瑞强.黄河三角洲浅层地下水特征及其向海输送[D].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2006.
[17]刘晋秀,江崇波,范学炜.黄河三角洲近40年来气候变化趋势及异常特征[J].海洋预报, 2002, 1199(2):31-35.
[18]夏江宝,赵西梅,刘俊华,等.黄河三角洲莱州湾湿地柽柳种群分布特征及其影响因素[J].生态学报, 2016, 3366(15):4801-4808.
[19]Pan H, Yu H, Song Y, et al. Application of solid surface fluorescence EEM spectroscopy for tracking organic matter quality of native halophyte and furrow-irrigated soils[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2017, 7733:88-95.
[20]关连珠.普通土壤学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2016.
[21]Klavi??M, Purmalis O. Surface activity of humic acids depending on their origin and humificationdegree[J]. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, 2014, 6677(6):493-499.
[22]曾锋,邱治军,许秀玉.凋落物分解研究进展[J].生态环境学报, 2010, 1199(1):239-243.
[23]孙志高,刘景双.三江平原典型湿地土壤硝态氮和铵态氮垂直运移规律[J].水土保持学报, 2007, 211(6):25-30.
[24]Imada S, Taniguchi T, Acharya K, et al. Vertical distribution of fine roots of Tamarix ramosissima in an arid region of southern Nevada[J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2013, 9922(3):46-52.
[25]金继运.土壤钾素研究进展[J].土壤学报, 1993(1):94-101.
[26]陈永金,靖淑慧,杜婷婷,等.滨海湿地原生灌草群落土壤养分与盐分关系[J].南水北调与水利科技, 2015, 1133(5):1029-1034.
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