基于建设开发适宜性评价的干旱区绿洲城市增长边界的划定——以乌鲁木齐市为例
|
摘要
科学合理地划定城市增长边界是控制城市无序蔓延、减少土地利用效率低下的有效途径,也是目前我国空间规划探索的重要内容之一。城市增长边界划定应依据区域不同资源环境本底条件和建设开发水平,因地制宜地选择合适的指标和方法,才能更准确地反映出城市发展的实际和需求,起到切实的指导作用。干旱区城市的发展受绿洲—荒漠生态系统影响作用显著,城市扩张过程中人地矛盾较为突出,城市增长边界划定必须体现资源环境—经济社会发展的协调性。本文以乌鲁木齐市为例,基于资源环境底线和城市发展潜力评价相叠加的研究思路,尝试探索干旱区绿洲城市增长边界划定的可行方法,结果表明:①限制性评价和适宜性评价相结合的方法,可以很好地划定干旱区绿洲城市增长边界。②将绿洲区域作为土地潜力的评价单元,对于干旱区绿洲城市划定城市增长边界要更加合理和适用。③城市增长边界划分为刚性边界和阶段性边界可以指导城市土地的开发。
It is an effective way to scientifically and rationally delimit the urban growth boundary for controlling the disorderly urban expansion and reducing the inefficient urban land use. It is also one of the important contents of space planning exploration in China. The urban growth boundary demarcation should be based on the regional resources conditions and construction and development level of different regions,and the appropriate indicators and methods should be selected according to the local conditions so as to more accurately reflect the actuality and demand of urban development. The urban development in arid areas is significantly affected by the oasis-desert ecosystem. The contradiction between people and land is more prominent in the process of urban expansion. The delimitation of urban growth boundary must reflect the coordination of resources,environment and economic and social development. In this paper,it was attempted to carry out the delimitation of urban growth boundary in Urumqi so as to explore the feasible methods for delimiting the urban growth boundary in arid regions based on the research ideas of resources environment background and construction and development level. The results showed that: ① The combination of restrictive evaluation and suitability evaluation could be used to well delimit the urban growth boundary in arid area; ② Oasis could be regarded as an evaluation unit of land potential so as to make the delimitation of urban growth boundary in arid area more reasonable and applicable; ③ Delimitation of urban growth boundary was divided into the permanent boundary and periodic boundary,which could be used to guide the development of urban land.
It is an effective way to scientifically and rationally delimit the urban growth boundary for controlling the disorderly urban expansion and reducing the inefficient urban land use. It is also one of the important contents of space planning exploration in China. The urban growth boundary demarcation should be based on the regional resources conditions and construction and development level of different regions,and the appropriate indicators and methods should be selected according to the local conditions so as to more accurately reflect the actuality and demand of urban development. The urban development in arid areas is significantly affected by the oasis-desert ecosystem. The contradiction between people and land is more prominent in the process of urban expansion. The delimitation of urban growth boundary must reflect the coordination of resources,environment and economic and social development. In this paper,it was attempted to carry out the delimitation of urban growth boundary in Urumqi so as to explore the feasible methods for delimiting the urban growth boundary in arid regions based on the research ideas of resources environment background and construction and development level. The results showed that: ① The combination of restrictive evaluation and suitability evaluation could be used to well delimit the urban growth boundary in arid area; ② Oasis could be regarded as an evaluation unit of land potential so as to make the delimitation of urban growth boundary in arid area more reasonable and applicable; ③ Delimitation of urban growth boundary was divided into the permanent boundary and periodic boundary,which could be used to guide the development of urban land.
引文
[1]刘琼，杜晓航，盛业旭．基于阶段对比的中国人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调关系[J]．中国人口·资源与环境，2018,28(1):26-34．[Liu Qiong,Du Xiaohang,Sheng Yexu.Study on the coordination relationship between population urbanization and land urbanization in China based on stagecomparison[J]．China Population,Resources and Environment,2018,28(1):26-34．]
[2]Myung-Jin Jun.The effects of portland’s urban growth boundary on housing prices[J]．Journal of the American Planning Association,2006,72(2):239-243．
[3]Sybert Richard.Urban Growth Boundaries[R]．Governor’s Office of Planning and Research(California)and Overnor’s Interagency Council on Growth Management,1991．
[4]Bengston D N,Fletcher J O,Nelson K C.Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space:Policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States[J]．Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,69(2-3):271-286．
[5]龙瀛，韩昊英，毛其智．利用约束性CA制定城市增长边界[J]．地理学报，2009,64(8):999-1 008．[Long Ying,Han Haoying,Mao Qizhi.Establishing urban growth boundaries using constrained CA[J]．Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(8):999-1 008．]
[6]黄慧明，Sam Casella,Faicp P P．美国“精明增长”的策略、案例及在中国应用的思考[J]．现代城市研究，2007(5):19-28．[Huang Huiming,Sam Casella,Faicp P P.Main policy and cases of smart growth,consideration on how to apply in China megalopolis[J]．Modern Urban Research,2007(5):19-28．]
[7]吴箐，钟式玉．城市增长边界研究进展及其中国化探析[J]．热带地理，2011,31(4):409-415．[Wu Qing,Zhong Shiyu.Review of urban growth boundary research and analysis of its sinicization[J]．Tropical Geography,2011,31(4):409-415．]
[8]白玉静．基于生态安全的哈尔滨城市空间增长边界研究[D]．哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学，2013．[Bai Yujing.Research on Urban Growth Boundaries in Harbin Based on Ecological Aecurity[D]．Harbin:Institute of Technology,2013．]
[9]付玲，胡业翠，郑新奇．基于BP神经网络的城市增长边界预测---以北京市为例[J]．中国土地科学，2016,30(2):22-30．[Fu Ling,Hu Yecui,Zheng Xinqi.The prediction of urban growth boundary based on BP artificial neural networks:An application to Beijing[J]．China Land Sciences,2016,30(2):22-30．]
[10]李灿，汤惠君，张凤荣．基于建设用地适宜性评价的城市增长边界划定[J]．西南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2017,42(7):105-111．[Li Can,Tang Huijun,Zhang Fengrong.On delimitation of urban growth boundary basedon constructuon land suitability evaluation[J]．Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,42(7):105-111．]
[11]祝仲文，莫滨，谢芙蓉．基于土地生态适宜性评价的城市空间增长边界划定---以防城港市为例[J]．规划师，2009,25(11):40-44．[Zhu Zhongwen,Mo Bin,Xie Furong.Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on land ecological suitability evaluation:A case of Fangchenggang[J]．Planners,2009,25(11):40-44．]
[12]王佩．生态安全格局约束下城市增长边界划定研究[D]．安徽:安徽建筑大学，2016．[Wang Pei.Study on the Delimitation of Urban Growth Boundary under Ecological Security Pattern[D]．Anhui:Anhui Jianzhu University,2016．]
[13]王玉国，尹小玲，李贵才．基于土地生态适宜性评价的城市空间增长边界划定---以深汕特别合作区为例[J]．城市发展研究，2012,19(11):76-82．[Wang Yuguo,Yin Xiaoling,Li Guicai.Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on land ecological suitability svaluation:A case of Shenshan special corporation zone[J]．Urban Development Studies,2012,19(11):76-82．]
[14]朱寿红，舒帮荣，马晓冬，等．基于“反规划”理念及FLUS模型的城镇用地增长边界划定研究---以徐州市贾汪区为例[J]．地理与地理信息科学，2017,33(5):80-86,127．[Zhu Shouhong,Shu Bangrong,Ma Xiaodong,et al.The delimitation of urban growth boundary based on the idea of“Anti-planning”and FLUSmodel:A case study of Jiawang District,Xuzhou City[J]．Geography and Geo-Information Science,2017,33(5):80-86,127．]
[15]王颖，顾朝林．基于格网分析法的城市弹性增长边界划定研究---以苏州市为例[J]．城市规划，2017,41(3):25-30．[Wang Ying,Gu Chaolin.Grid-based spatial evaluation of establishing urban growth boundary:A case study of Suzhou City[J]．City Planning Review,2017,41(3):25-30．]
[16]钟珊，赵小敏，郭熙，等．基于空间适宜性评价和人口承载力的贵溪市中心城区城市开发边界的划定[J]．自然资源学报，2018,33(5):801-812．[Zhong Shan,Zhao Xiaomin,Guo Xi,et al.Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on spatial suitability evaluation and population carrying capacity in Guixi County[J]．Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(5):801-812．]
[17]梅梦媛，陈振杰，张云倩，等．居民活动空间与生态约束协调的城市开发边界划定方法---以长沙市为例[J]．长江流域资源与环境，2018,27(11):2 472-2 480．[Mei Mengyuan,Chen Zhenjie,Zhang Yunqian,et al.Study on the delineation method of urban growth boundary under the coordinationof residential activity apace and ecological constraint:A case study of Changsha,China[J]．Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(11):2 472-2 480．]
[18]李咏华．生态视角下的城市增长边界划定方法---以杭州市为例[J]．城市规划，2011,35(12):83-90．[Li Yonghua.Method of determing urban growth boundary from the view of ecology:Acase study of Hangzhou[J]．City Planning Review,2011,35(12):83-90．]
[19]陈春美，钟珂，陈勇航，等．干旱区典型城市云对太阳辐射的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2018,35(2):436-443．[Chen Chunmei,Zhong Ke,Chen Yonghang,et al.Effects of clouds on solar radiation over typical city in arid area[J]．Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):436-443．]
[2]Myung-Jin Jun.The effects of portland’s urban growth boundary on housing prices[J]．Journal of the American Planning Association,2006,72(2):239-243．
[3]Sybert Richard.Urban Growth Boundaries[R]．Governor’s Office of Planning and Research(California)and Overnor’s Interagency Council on Growth Management,1991．
[4]Bengston D N,Fletcher J O,Nelson K C.Public policies for managing urban growth and protecting open space:Policy instruments and lessons learned in the United States[J]．Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,69(2-3):271-286．
[5]龙瀛，韩昊英，毛其智．利用约束性CA制定城市增长边界[J]．地理学报，2009,64(8):999-1 008．[Long Ying,Han Haoying,Mao Qizhi.Establishing urban growth boundaries using constrained CA[J]．Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(8):999-1 008．]
[6]黄慧明，Sam Casella,Faicp P P．美国“精明增长”的策略、案例及在中国应用的思考[J]．现代城市研究，2007(5):19-28．[Huang Huiming,Sam Casella,Faicp P P.Main policy and cases of smart growth,consideration on how to apply in China megalopolis[J]．Modern Urban Research,2007(5):19-28．]
[7]吴箐，钟式玉．城市增长边界研究进展及其中国化探析[J]．热带地理，2011,31(4):409-415．[Wu Qing,Zhong Shiyu.Review of urban growth boundary research and analysis of its sinicization[J]．Tropical Geography,2011,31(4):409-415．]
[8]白玉静．基于生态安全的哈尔滨城市空间增长边界研究[D]．哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学，2013．[Bai Yujing.Research on Urban Growth Boundaries in Harbin Based on Ecological Aecurity[D]．Harbin:Institute of Technology,2013．]
[9]付玲，胡业翠，郑新奇．基于BP神经网络的城市增长边界预测---以北京市为例[J]．中国土地科学，2016,30(2):22-30．[Fu Ling,Hu Yecui,Zheng Xinqi.The prediction of urban growth boundary based on BP artificial neural networks:An application to Beijing[J]．China Land Sciences,2016,30(2):22-30．]
[10]李灿，汤惠君，张凤荣．基于建设用地适宜性评价的城市增长边界划定[J]．西南师范大学学报(自然科学版)，2017,42(7):105-111．[Li Can,Tang Huijun,Zhang Fengrong.On delimitation of urban growth boundary basedon constructuon land suitability evaluation[J]．Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,42(7):105-111．]
[11]祝仲文，莫滨，谢芙蓉．基于土地生态适宜性评价的城市空间增长边界划定---以防城港市为例[J]．规划师，2009,25(11):40-44．[Zhu Zhongwen,Mo Bin,Xie Furong.Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on land ecological suitability evaluation:A case of Fangchenggang[J]．Planners,2009,25(11):40-44．]
[12]王佩．生态安全格局约束下城市增长边界划定研究[D]．安徽:安徽建筑大学，2016．[Wang Pei.Study on the Delimitation of Urban Growth Boundary under Ecological Security Pattern[D]．Anhui:Anhui Jianzhu University,2016．]
[13]王玉国，尹小玲，李贵才．基于土地生态适宜性评价的城市空间增长边界划定---以深汕特别合作区为例[J]．城市发展研究，2012,19(11):76-82．[Wang Yuguo,Yin Xiaoling,Li Guicai.Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on land ecological suitability svaluation:A case of Shenshan special corporation zone[J]．Urban Development Studies,2012,19(11):76-82．]
[14]朱寿红，舒帮荣，马晓冬，等．基于“反规划”理念及FLUS模型的城镇用地增长边界划定研究---以徐州市贾汪区为例[J]．地理与地理信息科学，2017,33(5):80-86,127．[Zhu Shouhong,Shu Bangrong,Ma Xiaodong,et al.The delimitation of urban growth boundary based on the idea of“Anti-planning”and FLUSmodel:A case study of Jiawang District,Xuzhou City[J]．Geography and Geo-Information Science,2017,33(5):80-86,127．]
[15]王颖，顾朝林．基于格网分析法的城市弹性增长边界划定研究---以苏州市为例[J]．城市规划，2017,41(3):25-30．[Wang Ying,Gu Chaolin.Grid-based spatial evaluation of establishing urban growth boundary:A case study of Suzhou City[J]．City Planning Review,2017,41(3):25-30．]
[16]钟珊，赵小敏，郭熙，等．基于空间适宜性评价和人口承载力的贵溪市中心城区城市开发边界的划定[J]．自然资源学报，2018,33(5):801-812．[Zhong Shan,Zhao Xiaomin,Guo Xi,et al.Delimitation of urban growth boundary based on spatial suitability evaluation and population carrying capacity in Guixi County[J]．Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(5):801-812．]
[17]梅梦媛，陈振杰，张云倩，等．居民活动空间与生态约束协调的城市开发边界划定方法---以长沙市为例[J]．长江流域资源与环境，2018,27(11):2 472-2 480．[Mei Mengyuan,Chen Zhenjie,Zhang Yunqian,et al.Study on the delineation method of urban growth boundary under the coordinationof residential activity apace and ecological constraint:A case study of Changsha,China[J]．Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2018,27(11):2 472-2 480．]
[18]李咏华．生态视角下的城市增长边界划定方法---以杭州市为例[J]．城市规划，2011,35(12):83-90．[Li Yonghua.Method of determing urban growth boundary from the view of ecology:Acase study of Hangzhou[J]．City Planning Review,2011,35(12):83-90．]
[19]陈春美，钟珂，陈勇航，等．干旱区典型城市云对太阳辐射的影响[J]．干旱区研究，2018,35(2):436-443．[Chen Chunmei,Zhong Ke,Chen Yonghang,et al.Effects of clouds on solar radiation over typical city in arid area[J]．Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):436-443．]