川西高山峡谷区6种森林枯落物的持水与失水特性
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摘要
川西高山峡谷区森林较高的地表枯落物储量可能具有较好的水文生态效益,但缺乏研究关注。以川西高山峡谷区6种森林为对象,在雨季调查了不同森林地表枯落物的持水和失水特性。结果表明:(1)川西高山峡谷区林地枯落物蓄积量与最大持水量和有效拦蓄量呈显著正相关,林地枯落物蓄积量为6.90～17.49 t/hm~2,最大持水量为1.64～5.42 mm,最大持水率为138.18%～330.09%,有效拦蓄量为0.53～3.33 mm,有效拦蓄率为77.57%～203.02%。(2)相对其他森林,亮叶桦(Betula luminifera)-青麸杨(Rhus potaninii)林枯落物的持水性能最好,橿子栎(Quercus baronii)-白刺花(Sophora davidii)-黄栌(Cotinus coggygria)林枯落物的持水性能最差。(3)林地枯落物的累积持水量和累积失水量分别随浸泡时间和失水时间的增加呈对数形式变化,但枯落物吸水速率和失水速率分别与浸泡时间和失水时间呈显著的幂函数关系。川西高山峡谷区森林枯落物在雨季具有明显吸持拦蓄降雨的功能,且以亮叶桦-青麸杨林最好,研究结果为该区森林生态建设和生态效益评价提供了参考依据。
Forests in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan may have higher hydrological ecological benefits due to the higher reserves of forest litter, but scant research is available. Therefore, the water-holding and water-loss characteristics of the forest litter in six types of forests in this region were investigated during the rainy season. The results showed that:(1) The forest litter storage had a significant positive correlation with the maximum water-holding capacity and modified interception amount in the alpine gorge region of western Sichuan. The forest litter storage, maximum water-holding capacity, maximum water-holding rate, modified interception amount and modified interception rate were 6.90 ～ 17.49 t/hm~2, 1.64 ～ 5.42 mm, 138.18% ～ 330.09%, 0.53 ～ 3.33 mm and 77.57% ～ 203.02%, respectively.(2) Compared with other forests, the litter of Betula luminifera-Rhus potaninii forest had the best water holding characteristic, while the litter of Quercus baronii-Sophora davidii-Cotinus coggygria forest had the worst.(3) The cumulative water-holding capacity and cumulative water loss capacity of forest litter varied logarithmically with increasing soaking time and water loss time, respectively. But the water absorption rate and water loss rate showed a remarkable power function relationship with soaking time and water loss time, respectively. The forest litter in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan had obvious function of absorbing and intercepting rainfall during the rainy season, and the best one was B. luminifera-R. potaninii forest in this region. These results provided reference basis for forest ecological construction and the ecological benefit evaluation in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan.
Forests in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan may have higher hydrological ecological benefits due to the higher reserves of forest litter, but scant research is available. Therefore, the water-holding and water-loss characteristics of the forest litter in six types of forests in this region were investigated during the rainy season. The results showed that:(1) The forest litter storage had a significant positive correlation with the maximum water-holding capacity and modified interception amount in the alpine gorge region of western Sichuan. The forest litter storage, maximum water-holding capacity, maximum water-holding rate, modified interception amount and modified interception rate were 6.90 ～ 17.49 t/hm~2, 1.64 ～ 5.42 mm, 138.18% ～ 330.09%, 0.53 ～ 3.33 mm and 77.57% ～ 203.02%, respectively.(2) Compared with other forests, the litter of Betula luminifera-Rhus potaninii forest had the best water holding characteristic, while the litter of Quercus baronii-Sophora davidii-Cotinus coggygria forest had the worst.(3) The cumulative water-holding capacity and cumulative water loss capacity of forest litter varied logarithmically with increasing soaking time and water loss time, respectively. But the water absorption rate and water loss rate showed a remarkable power function relationship with soaking time and water loss time, respectively. The forest litter in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan had obvious function of absorbing and intercepting rainfall during the rainy season, and the best one was B. luminifera-R. potaninii forest in this region. These results provided reference basis for forest ecological construction and the ecological benefit evaluation in the alpine gorge area of western Sichuan.
引文
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[9] 张引,黄永梅,周长亮,等.冀北山地5个海拔梯度油松林枯落物与土壤水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(2):126-131.
[10] 潘刚,任毅华,边巴多吉,等.西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林枯枝落叶及苔藓层的生物量与持水性能[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(5):81-83.
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[13] 周祥,赵一鹤,张洪江,等.云南高原典型林分林下枯落物持水特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):248-252.
[14] 吕刚,曹小平,卢慧,等.辽西海棠山森林枯落物持水与土壤贮水能力研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):203-208.
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[16] 袁杰,曹广超,曹生奎,等.祁连山南坡不同植被类型枯落物及其土壤持水特性分析[J].生态科学,2018,37(5):183-193.
[17] 胡晓聪,金亮,黄乾亮.西双版纳热带山地雨林枯落物及其土壤水文功能[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):55-63.
[18] 汪建芳,王兵,王忠禹,等.黄土高原典型植被枯落物坡面分布及持水特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(4):139-144.
[19] 王会京,王红霞,谢宇光.太行山不同林型枯落物持水性及生态水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):135-139.
[20] 吕刚,王磊,李叶鑫,等.辽西低山丘陵区针叶林与阔叶林枯落物持水性对比[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):51-59.
[21] 杨振奇,秦富仓,李晓琴,等.砒砂岩区主要造林树种枯落物及林下土壤持水特性[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):118-122.
[22] 喻阳华,李光容,严令斌,等.赤水河上游主要树种枯落物调蓄水分效应[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(3):39-44.
[23] 刘硕.青海省大通县主要造林树种枯落物水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(6):105-107.
[25] 刘建立,王彦辉,管伟,等.宁南山区华北落叶松林枯落物水文特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):20-23.
[24] 许文盛,王一峰,童晓霞,等.紫鹊界梯田区植被凋落物水资源调配特性[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):130-135.
[2] Putuhena W M,Cordery I.Estimation of interception capacity of the forest floor [J].Journal of Hydrology,1996,180(1/4):283-299.
[3] 张振明,余新晓,牛健植,等.不同林分枯落物层的水文生态功能[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):139-143.
[4] 白英辰,江朱,程小琴,等.密度调控对华北落叶松人工林枯落物水文特征的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):128-133.
[5] 吕刚,傅昕阳,李叶鑫,等.露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同植被类型枯落物持水特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):146-152.
[6] 孙向阳,王根绪,吴勇,等.川西亚高山典型森林生态系统截留水文效应[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):501-508.
[7] 侯贵荣,毕华兴,魏曦,等.黄土残塬沟壑区3种林地枯落物和土壤水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(2):357-363.
[8] 胡静霞,杨新兵,朱辰光,等.冀西北地区4种纯林枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(4):304-310.
[9] 张引,黄永梅,周长亮,等.冀北山地5个海拔梯度油松林枯落物与土壤水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(2):126-131.
[10] 潘刚,任毅华,边巴多吉,等.西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林枯枝落叶及苔藓层的生物量与持水性能[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(5):81-83.
[11] Yang W Q,Wang K Y,Kellomki S,et al.Litter dynamics of three subalpine forests in Western Sichuan [J].Pedosphere,2005,15(5):653-659.
[12] 刘洋,张健,杨万勤,等.自然恢复过程中川西亚高山林草交错带地被物储量及持水性能研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):173-178.
[13] 周祥,赵一鹤,张洪江,等.云南高原典型林分林下枯落物持水特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(2):248-252.
[14] 吕刚,曹小平,卢慧,等.辽西海棠山森林枯落物持水与土壤贮水能力研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):203-208.
[15] Sato Y,Kumagai T O,Kume A,et al.Experimental analysis of moisture dynamics of litter layers-the effects of rainfall conditions and leaf shapes [J].Hydrological Processes,2010,18(16):3007-3018.
[16] 袁杰,曹广超,曹生奎,等.祁连山南坡不同植被类型枯落物及其土壤持水特性分析[J].生态科学,2018,37(5):183-193.
[17] 胡晓聪,金亮,黄乾亮.西双版纳热带山地雨林枯落物及其土壤水文功能[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):55-63.
[18] 汪建芳,王兵,王忠禹,等.黄土高原典型植被枯落物坡面分布及持水特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(4):139-144.
[19] 王会京,王红霞,谢宇光.太行山不同林型枯落物持水性及生态水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(6):135-139.
[20] 吕刚,王磊,李叶鑫,等.辽西低山丘陵区针叶林与阔叶林枯落物持水性对比[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):51-59.
[21] 杨振奇,秦富仓,李晓琴,等.砒砂岩区主要造林树种枯落物及林下土壤持水特性[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):118-122.
[22] 喻阳华,李光容,严令斌,等.赤水河上游主要树种枯落物调蓄水分效应[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(3):39-44.
[23] 刘硕.青海省大通县主要造林树种枯落物水文效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(6):105-107.
[25] 刘建立,王彦辉,管伟,等.宁南山区华北落叶松林枯落物水文特征研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):20-23.
[24] 许文盛,王一峰,童晓霞,等.紫鹊界梯田区植被凋落物水资源调配特性[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(4):130-135.
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