延迟投喂对许氏平鲉消化酶发育的影响
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摘要
为查明许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)仔、稚鱼消化酶活性随日龄的变化过程,探讨消化酶的发育特性与饥饿的影响,以其初产仔鱼为研究对象,设置6个实验组,分别在1、2、3、4、5d时开始初次投喂(即C、D1、D2、D3和D4组)和完全不投喂(S组)。结果显示,仔鱼前期的许氏平鲉消化酶的比活力波动较大,进入仔鱼后期(22d后),消化酶比活力逐渐稳定;而总活力在仔、稚鱼阶段均不高,变化不显著,进入稚鱼后期后(26d后)随日龄显著升高;存活的各实验组仔、稚鱼消化酶活力在相同日龄时差异并不显著,但由于前期的饥饿,实验结束时D2、D3组仔稚鱼的全长、体重和特定生长率均显著低于C、D1组。结果表明,延迟投喂时间对许氏平鲉的生长发育有显著影响,而且这种影响在生长后期很难恢复。
To investigate the characteristic changes of digestive enzymes with development and early starvation in black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii),the new-born larvae were divided into 6 groups,i.e.C,D1,D2,D3,D4 and S,which represented that the larvae were first fed on 1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,5 dand not fed at all,respectively.We measured the activities of amylase,lipase and trypsin of larvae in each group with growth.The results showed that the specific activities of digestive enzymes fluctuated during pre-larval stage and become steady after 22 d.The total activities of digestive enzymes were at a low and stable level during larval and juvenile stages and increased significantly after 26 d.The activities of these enzymes were not different significantly between the survived groups at the same day age.However,the total length,body weight and SGR of black rockfish in D2 and D3 groups were significantly lower than those in C and D1 groups,which indicated the delayed first feeding affected the growth and development of black rockfish significantly,and the influences could hardly be eliminated after a long time.According to these results,we suggest that the new-born larvae of black rockfish be first fed in 1～2 d,which would be helpful to mitigate starvation,promote regularly development and lower larval death rate.
To investigate the characteristic changes of digestive enzymes with development and early starvation in black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii),the new-born larvae were divided into 6 groups,i.e.C,D1,D2,D3,D4 and S,which represented that the larvae were first fed on 1 d,2 d,3 d,4 d,5 dand not fed at all,respectively.We measured the activities of amylase,lipase and trypsin of larvae in each group with growth.The results showed that the specific activities of digestive enzymes fluctuated during pre-larval stage and become steady after 22 d.The total activities of digestive enzymes were at a low and stable level during larval and juvenile stages and increased significantly after 26 d.The activities of these enzymes were not different significantly between the survived groups at the same day age.However,the total length,body weight and SGR of black rockfish in D2 and D3 groups were significantly lower than those in C and D1 groups,which indicated the delayed first feeding affected the growth and development of black rockfish significantly,and the influences could hardly be eliminated after a long time.According to these results,we suggest that the new-born larvae of black rockfish be first fed in 1～2 d,which would be helpful to mitigate starvation,promote regularly development and lower larval death rate.
引文
[1]柳敏海,施兆鸿,陈波,等.饥饿对点带石斑鱼饵料转换期仔鱼生长和发育的影响[J].海洋渔业,2006,28(4):292-298.
[2]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史阶段的自然死亡[J].水生生物学报,1996(4):363-372.
[3]鲍宝龙,苏锦祥.海洋饥饿仔鱼营养状况的研究[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(1):51-58.
[4]BENJAMING H,RICE J A,CROWDER L B.Size-dependent effects continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation and mass loss in staring yellow perch larvae and juveniles[J].Tarans Am Fish Soci,1996,125:14-26.
[5]MCGURK M D.Effects of delayed feeding and temperature on the age of irreversible starvation and on the rates of growth and mortality of Pacific herring larvae[J].Marine Biology,1984,84(1):13-26.
[6]YIN M C,BLAXTER J H S.Morphological changes during growth and starvation of larval cod(Gadus morhua L.)and flounder(Platichthys flesus L.)[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1986,104(1-3):215-228.
[7]殷名称.北海鲱卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食能力和生长[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(6):554-560.
[8]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J].水产学报,1991,15(4):348-358.
[9]殷名称.鱼类仔鱼期的摄食和生长[J].水产学报,1995,19(4):335-342.
[10]GISBERT E,CONKLIN D B,PIEDRAHITA R H.Effects of delayed first feeding on the nutritional condition and mortality of California halibut larvae[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2004,64(1):116-132.
[11]YOSEDA K,DAN S,SUGAYA T,et al.Effects of temperature and delayed initial feeding on the growth of Malabar grouper(Epinephelus malabaricus)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,256(1):192-200.
[12]单秀娟.鮸(Miichthys miiuy)早期生长存活过程和消化生理机制的研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2008.
[13]GISBERT E,WILLIOT P.Larval behaviour and effect of the timing of initial feeding on growth and survival of Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baeri)larvae under small scale hatchery production[J].Aquaculture,1997,156(1-2):63-76.
[14]YúFERA M,PASCUAL E,Polo A,et al.Effect of starvation on the feeding ability of gilthead seabream(Spams aurata L.)larvae at first feeding[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1993,169(2):259-272.
[15]KOLKOVSKI S,TANDLER A,KISSIL G W,et al.The effect of dietary exogenous digestive enzymes on ingestion,assimilation,growth and survival of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata,Sparidae,Linnaeus)larvae[J].Fish Physiology&Biochemistry,1993,12(3):203-209.
[16]陈大刚,叶振江,段钰,等.许氏平鲉繁殖群体的生物学及其苗种培育的初步研究[J].海洋学报,1994,16(3):94-101.
[17]LUH,ZHANG X,XI D,et al.Use of calcein and alizarin red S for immersion marking of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32:88-98.
[18]LUH,ZHANG X,FU M,et al.Use of tetracycline hydrochloride and alizarin complexone for immersion marking black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32:810-820.
[19]席丹,张秀梅,吕红健,等.许氏平鲉早期异速生长模式的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2014(12):28-34.
[20]陈颖.山东省渔业资源增殖放流现状及前景分析[D].烟台:烟台大学,2017.
[21]BAI S C,LEE K J.Different levels of dietary DL-α-tocopheryl acetate affect the vitamin E status of juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli[J].Aquaculture,1998,161:405-414.
[22]LEE S M,KIM J D.Dietary optimum phosphorus level of juvenile Korean rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli)[J].Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1998,1(2):180-186.
[23]LIM S R,CHOI S M,WANG X J,et al.Effects of dehulled soybean meal as a fish meal replacer in diets for fingerling and growing Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli[J].Aquaculture,2004,231(1):457-468.
[24]刘立明,姜海滨,王茂剑,等.黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼生长、发育与成活率变化的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(03):25-31.
[25]郭浩宇,张秀梅,高天翔.人工隐蔽物及投喂频率对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长和行为的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):319-331.
[26]XI D,ZHANG X,LUH,et al.Prediction of cannibalism in juvenile black rockfish,Sebastes schlegelii(Hilgendorf,1880),based on morphometric characteristics and paired trials[J].Aquaculture research,2017,48(6):3198-3206.
[27]XI D,ZHANG X,LUH,et al.Cannibalism in juvenile black rockfish,Sebastes schlegelii(Hilgendorf,1880),reared under controlled conditions[J].Aquaculture,2017,479:682-689.
[28]KENDALL JR A W.Early life history stages of fishes and their characters[J].Ontogeny and systematics of fishes,1984,24:11-22.
[29]ALVAREZ-GONZILEZ C A,CERVANTES-TRUJANO M,TOVAR-RAMREZ D,et al.Development of digestive enzymes in California halibut Paralichthys californicus larvae[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2005,31(1):83-93.
[30]COMABELLA Y,MENDOZA R,AGUILERA C,et al.Digestive enzyme activity during early larval development of the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2006,32(2):147.
[31]CHEN B N,QIN J G,KUMAR M S,et al.Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,260(1-4):264-271.
[32]CUVIER-PERES A,KESTEMONT P.Development of some digestive enzymes in Eurasian perch larvae Perca fluviatilis[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2001,24(4):279-285.
[33]KIM B G,DIVAKARAN S,BROWN C L,et al.Comparative digestive enzyme ontogeny in two marine larval fishes:Pacific threadfin(Polydactylus sexfilis)and bluefin trevally(Caranx melampygus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2001,24(3):225-241.
[34]MA H,CAHU C,ZAMBONINO J,et al.Activities of selected digestive enzymes during larval development of large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea)[J].Aquaculture,2005,245(1-4):239-248.
[35]CARA J B,MOYANO F J,S.CARDENAS,et al.Assessment of digestive enzyme activities during larval development of white bream[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2003,63(1):48-58.
[36]BARAGI V,LOVELL R T.Digestive enzyme activities in striped bass from first feeding through larva development[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1986,115(3):478-484.
[37]OOZEKI Y,BAILEY K M.Ontogenetic development of digestive enzyme activities in larval walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma[J].Marine Biology,1995,122(2):177-186.
[38]COUSIN J C B,LAURENCIN F B.Histological alterations observed in turbot,Scophthalmus maximus L.from days 15to 40after hatching[J].Aquaculture,1987,67(1):218-220.
[39]ZAMBONINO INFANTE J L,CAHU C L.Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish larvae[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part C,2001,130(4):477-487.
[40]DOUGLAS S E,GAWLICKA A,MANDLA S,et al.Ontogeny of the stomach in winter flounder:characterization and expression of the pepsinogen and proton pump genes and determination of pepsin activity[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1999,55(5):897-915.
[2]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史阶段的自然死亡[J].水生生物学报,1996(4):363-372.
[3]鲍宝龙,苏锦祥.海洋饥饿仔鱼营养状况的研究[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(1):51-58.
[4]BENJAMING H,RICE J A,CROWDER L B.Size-dependent effects continuous and intermittent feeding on starvation and mass loss in staring yellow perch larvae and juveniles[J].Tarans Am Fish Soci,1996,125:14-26.
[5]MCGURK M D.Effects of delayed feeding and temperature on the age of irreversible starvation and on the rates of growth and mortality of Pacific herring larvae[J].Marine Biology,1984,84(1):13-26.
[6]YIN M C,BLAXTER J H S.Morphological changes during growth and starvation of larval cod(Gadus morhua L.)and flounder(Platichthys flesus L.)[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1986,104(1-3):215-228.
[7]殷名称.北海鲱卵黄囊期仔鱼的摄食能力和生长[J].海洋与湖沼,1991,22(6):554-560.
[8]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J].水产学报,1991,15(4):348-358.
[9]殷名称.鱼类仔鱼期的摄食和生长[J].水产学报,1995,19(4):335-342.
[10]GISBERT E,CONKLIN D B,PIEDRAHITA R H.Effects of delayed first feeding on the nutritional condition and mortality of California halibut larvae[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2004,64(1):116-132.
[11]YOSEDA K,DAN S,SUGAYA T,et al.Effects of temperature and delayed initial feeding on the growth of Malabar grouper(Epinephelus malabaricus)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,256(1):192-200.
[12]单秀娟.鮸(Miichthys miiuy)早期生长存活过程和消化生理机制的研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2008.
[13]GISBERT E,WILLIOT P.Larval behaviour and effect of the timing of initial feeding on growth and survival of Siberian sturgeon(Acipenser baeri)larvae under small scale hatchery production[J].Aquaculture,1997,156(1-2):63-76.
[14]YúFERA M,PASCUAL E,Polo A,et al.Effect of starvation on the feeding ability of gilthead seabream(Spams aurata L.)larvae at first feeding[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1993,169(2):259-272.
[15]KOLKOVSKI S,TANDLER A,KISSIL G W,et al.The effect of dietary exogenous digestive enzymes on ingestion,assimilation,growth and survival of gilthead seabream(Sparus aurata,Sparidae,Linnaeus)larvae[J].Fish Physiology&Biochemistry,1993,12(3):203-209.
[16]陈大刚,叶振江,段钰,等.许氏平鲉繁殖群体的生物学及其苗种培育的初步研究[J].海洋学报,1994,16(3):94-101.
[17]LUH,ZHANG X,XI D,et al.Use of calcein and alizarin red S for immersion marking of black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32:88-98.
[18]LUH,ZHANG X,FU M,et al.Use of tetracycline hydrochloride and alizarin complexone for immersion marking black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii[J].Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2014,32:810-820.
[19]席丹,张秀梅,吕红健,等.许氏平鲉早期异速生长模式的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2014(12):28-34.
[20]陈颖.山东省渔业资源增殖放流现状及前景分析[D].烟台:烟台大学,2017.
[21]BAI S C,LEE K J.Different levels of dietary DL-α-tocopheryl acetate affect the vitamin E status of juvenile Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli[J].Aquaculture,1998,161:405-414.
[22]LEE S M,KIM J D.Dietary optimum phosphorus level of juvenile Korean rockfish(Sebastes schlegeli)[J].Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1998,1(2):180-186.
[23]LIM S R,CHOI S M,WANG X J,et al.Effects of dehulled soybean meal as a fish meal replacer in diets for fingerling and growing Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegeli[J].Aquaculture,2004,231(1):457-468.
[24]刘立明,姜海滨,王茂剑,等.黑鲪仔、稚、幼鱼生长、发育与成活率变化的研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2013,43(03):25-31.
[25]郭浩宇,张秀梅,高天翔.人工隐蔽物及投喂频率对许氏平鲉幼鱼生长和行为的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(2):319-331.
[26]XI D,ZHANG X,LUH,et al.Prediction of cannibalism in juvenile black rockfish,Sebastes schlegelii(Hilgendorf,1880),based on morphometric characteristics and paired trials[J].Aquaculture research,2017,48(6):3198-3206.
[27]XI D,ZHANG X,LUH,et al.Cannibalism in juvenile black rockfish,Sebastes schlegelii(Hilgendorf,1880),reared under controlled conditions[J].Aquaculture,2017,479:682-689.
[28]KENDALL JR A W.Early life history stages of fishes and their characters[J].Ontogeny and systematics of fishes,1984,24:11-22.
[29]ALVAREZ-GONZILEZ C A,CERVANTES-TRUJANO M,TOVAR-RAMREZ D,et al.Development of digestive enzymes in California halibut Paralichthys californicus larvae[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2005,31(1):83-93.
[30]COMABELLA Y,MENDOZA R,AGUILERA C,et al.Digestive enzyme activity during early larval development of the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2006,32(2):147.
[31]CHEN B N,QIN J G,KUMAR M S,et al.Ontogenetic development of digestive enzymes in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi larvae[J].Aquaculture,2006,260(1-4):264-271.
[32]CUVIER-PERES A,KESTEMONT P.Development of some digestive enzymes in Eurasian perch larvae Perca fluviatilis[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2001,24(4):279-285.
[33]KIM B G,DIVAKARAN S,BROWN C L,et al.Comparative digestive enzyme ontogeny in two marine larval fishes:Pacific threadfin(Polydactylus sexfilis)and bluefin trevally(Caranx melampygus)[J].Fish Physiology and Biochemistry,2001,24(3):225-241.
[34]MA H,CAHU C,ZAMBONINO J,et al.Activities of selected digestive enzymes during larval development of large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea)[J].Aquaculture,2005,245(1-4):239-248.
[35]CARA J B,MOYANO F J,S.CARDENAS,et al.Assessment of digestive enzyme activities during larval development of white bream[J].Journal of Fish Biology,2003,63(1):48-58.
[36]BARAGI V,LOVELL R T.Digestive enzyme activities in striped bass from first feeding through larva development[J].Transactions of the American Fisheries Society,1986,115(3):478-484.
[37]OOZEKI Y,BAILEY K M.Ontogenetic development of digestive enzyme activities in larval walleye pollock,Theragra chalcogramma[J].Marine Biology,1995,122(2):177-186.
[38]COUSIN J C B,LAURENCIN F B.Histological alterations observed in turbot,Scophthalmus maximus L.from days 15to 40after hatching[J].Aquaculture,1987,67(1):218-220.
[39]ZAMBONINO INFANTE J L,CAHU C L.Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of marine fish larvae[J].Comparative Biochemistry&Physiology Part C,2001,130(4):477-487.
[40]DOUGLAS S E,GAWLICKA A,MANDLA S,et al.Ontogeny of the stomach in winter flounder:characterization and expression of the pepsinogen and proton pump genes and determination of pepsin activity[J].Journal of Fish Biology,1999,55(5):897-915.
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