城市生态空间多元综合识别研究——以杭州市为例
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摘要
城市生态空间是维护城市生态安全和提供持续生态服务的基本保障。以杭州市为研究区,从城市生态斑块的自然、人工以及自然-人工交互的属性特征3个方面选取了12个评价因子建立辨识指标体系,采用空间加权叠加的方法评价生态空间强度并识别核心型、辅助型、底线型生态空间和非生态空间4种类型。研究表明:(1)建立的辨识体系较好地反映了城市生态空间分布情况,适用于城市生态空间识别;(2)核心生态空间以林地为主要用地类型,集中分布在城市西翼,辅助型生态空间围绕核心生态空间周边。两类生态空间分别占总面积的21.28%、20.33%。(3)杭州市生态空间在分布上呈现出局部聚集的特征。以北部余杭区分布最为集中,且斑块连通度较高。城市不同区域生态空间分布特征具有较大差异性,针对其空间分布与生态功能提出不同的管理建设措施,能够为研究区未来的生态基础设施建设与维护提供科学依据。
Urban ecological space is the basic guarantee for maintaining ecological safety and providing sustainable ecological services. An integrated identification index system is established on the basis of natural, artificial, and natural-artificial interactive attributes of the ecological patch, considering its own functions and structural importance in the landscape. We used Hangzhou as an example to assess urban ecological space on the basis of the index system in combination with spatial weighted superposition. The results show that this index system reflects the layout of the urban ecological space well, attesting its feasibility for urban ecological space identification. Four types of urban ecological space, namely, core, auxiliary, transitional, and non-ecological space, were identified. The core ecological space, which mainly consists of forest land, is situated in the western part of the city, whereas the auxiliary ecological space is located around the core ecological space. These two types account for 21.28% and 20.33% of the areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of ecological space in Hangzhou is characterized by local agglomeration. The ecological space is concentrated mostly in the northern suburb, where patch connectivity index is high. The distribution characteristics of ecological space vary greatly in different urban areas. All these results provide a scientific basis for future construction and protection of ecological infrastructure in the study area.
Urban ecological space is the basic guarantee for maintaining ecological safety and providing sustainable ecological services. An integrated identification index system is established on the basis of natural, artificial, and natural-artificial interactive attributes of the ecological patch, considering its own functions and structural importance in the landscape. We used Hangzhou as an example to assess urban ecological space on the basis of the index system in combination with spatial weighted superposition. The results show that this index system reflects the layout of the urban ecological space well, attesting its feasibility for urban ecological space identification. Four types of urban ecological space, namely, core, auxiliary, transitional, and non-ecological space, were identified. The core ecological space, which mainly consists of forest land, is situated in the western part of the city, whereas the auxiliary ecological space is located around the core ecological space. These two types account for 21.28% and 20.33% of the areas, respectively. The spatial distribution of ecological space in Hangzhou is characterized by local agglomeration. The ecological space is concentrated mostly in the northern suburb, where patch connectivity index is high. The distribution characteristics of ecological space vary greatly in different urban areas. All these results provide a scientific basis for future construction and protection of ecological infrastructure in the study area.
引文
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[23] 欧维新,赵丽宁,李冉.协调生态环境压力的区域生态用地需求模拟——以江苏省为例.水土保持研究,2014,21(4):274- 278.
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[28] 李咏华,马淇蔚,范雪怡.基于绿色基础设施评价的城市生态带划定——以杭州市为例.地理研究,2017,36(3):583- 591.
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[34] 李晶,蒙吉军,毛熙彦.基于最小累积阻力模型的农牧交错带土地利用生态安全格局构建——以鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗为例.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2013,49(4):707- 715.
[35] 李宗尧,杨桂山,董雅文.经济快速发展地区生态安全格局的构建——以安徽沿江地区为例.自然资源学报,2007,22(1):106- 113.
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[37] 赵筱青,王海波,杨树华,徐晓雅.基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化.生态学报,2009,29(9):4892- 4901.
[38] Teng M J,Wu C G,Zhou Z X,Lord E,Zheng Z M.Multipurpose greenway planning for changing cities:a framework integrating priorities and a least-cost path model.Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,103(1):1- 14.
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[40] 熊春妮,魏虹,兰明娟.重庆市都市区绿地景观的连通性.生态学报,2008,28(5):2237- 2244.
[41] Taylor P D,Fahrig L,Henein K,Merriam G.Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure.Oikos,1993,68(3):571- 573.
[42] Matlack G R,Monde J.Consequences of low mobility in spatially and temporally heterogeneous ecosystems.Journal of Ecology,2004,92(6):1025- 1035.
[43] Pascual-Hortal L,Saura S.Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices:towards the priorization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation.Landscape Ecology,2006,21(7):959- 967.
[44] Saura S,Rubio L.A common currency for the different ways in which patches and links can contribute to habitat availability and connectivity in the landscape.Ecography,2010,33(3):523- 537.
[45] 梁友嘉,徐中民.基于LUCC和夜间灯光辐射数据的张掖市甘州区人口空间分布建模.冰川冻土,2012,34(4):999- 1006.
[46] Franc G B,Cracknell A P.Retrieval of land and sea surface temperature using NOAA- 11 AVHRR·data in north-eastern Brazil.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15(8):1695- 1712.
[47] 刘长盛,刘文保.大气辐射学.南京:南京大学出版社,1990.
[48] 潘竟虎,刘晓.基于空间主成分和最小累积阻力模型的内陆河景观生态安全评价与格局优化——以张掖市甘州区为例.应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3126- 3136.
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[2] 谢花林,李波.城市生态安全评价指标体系与评价方法研究.北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2004,40(5):705- 710.
[3] Su S L,Chen X,DeGloria S D,Wu J P.Integrative fuzzy set pair model for land ecological security assessment:a case study of Xiaolangdi reservoir region,China.Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2010,24(5):639- 647.
[4] Gong J Z,Liu Y S,Xia B C,Zhao G W.Urban ecological security assessment and forecasting,based on a cellular automata model:a case study of Guangzhou,China.Ecological Modelling,2009,220(24):3612- 3620.
[5] Lockhart J.Green infrastructure:the strategic role of trees,woodlands and forestry.Arboricultural Journal,2009,32(1):33- 49.
[6] Mell I C.Can green infrastructure promote urban sustainability?Engineering Sustainability,2009,162(1):23- 34.
[7] Tzoulas K,Korpela K,Venn S,Yli-Pelkonen V,Ka■.Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure:a literature review.Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,81(3):167- 178.
[8] Walmsley A.Greenways:multiplying and diversifying in the 21st century.Landscape and Urban Planning,2006,76(1):252- 290.
[9] 何梅,汪云,夏巍,李海军,林建伟.特大城市生态空间体系规划与管控研究.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[10] 赵景柱.景观生态空间格局动态度量指标体系.生态学报,1990,10(2):182- 186.
[11] 王甫园,王开泳,陈田,李萍.城市生态空间研究进展与展望.地理科学进展,2017,36(2):207- 218.
[12] 周锐,王新军,苏海龙,娄翼来.平顶山新区生态用地的识别与安全格局构建.生态学报,2015,35(6):2003- 2012.
[13] 李益敏,管成文,朱军,余艳红.基于加权叠加模型的高原湖泊流域重要生态用地识别——以星云湖流域为例.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(8):1251- 1259.
[14] 郑子豪,陈颖彪,吴志峰,胡应龙.基于多源遥感的城市生态用地识别及生态风险评价.城市观察,2017,49(3):19- 30.
[15] 许尔琪,张红旗.中国核心生态空间的现状、变化及其保护研究.资源科学,2015,37(7):1322- 1331.
[16] 姚娜,马履一,杨军,贾黎明,段劼,黄从红.北京市平原地区1992—2013年生态空间演变.生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1427- 1434.
[17] 郭荣朝,苗长虹,夏保林,李军甫.城市群生态空间结构优化组合模式及对策——以中原城市群为例.地理科学进展,2010,29(3):363- 369.
[18] 龙花楼.论土地整治与乡村空间重构.地理学报,2013,68(8):1019- 1028.
[19] 叶兴平,何常清,陈燕飞.低碳生态视角下的江苏省生态空间规划研究.城市规划,2013,37(2):23- 26.
[20] 李晓丽,曾光明,石林,梁婕,蔡青.长沙市城市生态用地的定量分析及优化.应用生态学报,2010,21(2):415- 421.
[21] 关小克,张凤荣,王秀丽,赵华甫,姜广辉.北京市生态用地空间演变与布局优化研究.地域研究与开发,2013,32(3):119- 124.
[22] 李荷,杨培峰.城市自然生态空间的价值评估及规划启示.城市环境与城市生态,2014,27(5):39- 43.
[23] 欧维新,赵丽宁,李冉.协调生态环境压力的区域生态用地需求模拟——以江苏省为例.水土保持研究,2014,21(4):274- 278.
[24] 孙琨,钟林生,张爱平,张国平.城市生态游憩空间休闲价值对比分析——以常熟市为例.地理研究,2016,35(2):256- 270.
[25] 俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局.生态学报,1999,19(1):8- 15.
[26] Yu K J.Ecological Security Patterns in Landscapes and GIS Application.Annals of GIS,1995,1(2):88- 102.
[27] 傅强,顾朝林.基于绿色基础设施的非建设用地评价与划定技术方法研究.城市与区域规划研究,2015,7(2):25- 51.
[28] 李咏华,马淇蔚,范雪怡.基于绿色基础设施评价的城市生态带划定——以杭州市为例.地理研究,2017,36(3):583- 591.
[29] 陈志毅,尹海伟.绿色基础设施导向的城市增长边界研究//规划60年:成就与挑战——2016中国城市规划年会论文集(04城市规划新技术应用).沈阳:中国城市规划学会,沈阳市人民政府,2016:14- 14.
[30] 汪洋,赵万民,段炼.生态基础设施导向的区域空间规划战略——广州市萝岗区实证研究.中国园林,2009,25(4):59- 63.
[31] 徐翀崎,李锋,韩宝龙.城市生态基础设施管理研究进展.生态学报,2016,36(11):3146- 3155.
[32] 何玲,贾启建,李超,张利,许皞.基于生态系统服务价值和生态安全格局的土地利用格局模拟.农业工程学报,2016,32(3):275- 284.
[33] 张玉虎,于长青,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,张自力.风景区生态安全格局构建方法研究——以北京妙峰山风景区为例.干旱区研究,2008,25(3):420- 425.
[34] 李晶,蒙吉军,毛熙彦.基于最小累积阻力模型的农牧交错带土地利用生态安全格局构建——以鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗为例.北京大学学报:自然科学版,2013,49(4):707- 715.
[35] 李宗尧,杨桂山,董雅文.经济快速发展地区生态安全格局的构建——以安徽沿江地区为例.自然资源学报,2007,22(1):106- 113.
[36] 朱恒槺,李锋,刘红晓,叶亚平.城市生态基础设施辨识与模型构建:以广州市增城区为例.生态科学,2016,35(3):118- 128.
[37] 赵筱青,王海波,杨树华,徐晓雅.基于GIS支持下的土地资源空间格局生态优化.生态学报,2009,29(9):4892- 4901.
[38] Teng M J,Wu C G,Zhou Z X,Lord E,Zheng Z M.Multipurpose greenway planning for changing cities:a framework integrating priorities and a least-cost path model.Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,103(1):1- 14.
[39] 吴健生,张理卿,彭建,冯喆,刘洪萌,赫胜彬.深圳市景观生态安全格局源地综合识别.生态学报,2013,33(13):4125- 4133.
[40] 熊春妮,魏虹,兰明娟.重庆市都市区绿地景观的连通性.生态学报,2008,28(5):2237- 2244.
[41] Taylor P D,Fahrig L,Henein K,Merriam G.Connectivity is a vital element of landscape structure.Oikos,1993,68(3):571- 573.
[42] Matlack G R,Monde J.Consequences of low mobility in spatially and temporally heterogeneous ecosystems.Journal of Ecology,2004,92(6):1025- 1035.
[43] Pascual-Hortal L,Saura S.Comparison and development of new graph-based landscape connectivity indices:towards the priorization of habitat patches and corridors for conservation.Landscape Ecology,2006,21(7):959- 967.
[44] Saura S,Rubio L.A common currency for the different ways in which patches and links can contribute to habitat availability and connectivity in the landscape.Ecography,2010,33(3):523- 537.
[45] 梁友嘉,徐中民.基于LUCC和夜间灯光辐射数据的张掖市甘州区人口空间分布建模.冰川冻土,2012,34(4):999- 1006.
[46] Franc G B,Cracknell A P.Retrieval of land and sea surface temperature using NOAA- 11 AVHRR·data in north-eastern Brazil.International Journal of Remote Sensing,1994,15(8):1695- 1712.
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