海岛旅游地生态安全评价及影响因子——基于浙江和福建的案例
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摘要
海岛地区拥有丰富的旅游资源,但是生态环境相对脆弱,对海岛旅游地进行生态安全评价,有助于优化旅游发展和生态环境管理。以"压力—状态—响应"(PSR)模型为基础,建立了海岛旅游地生态安全评价指标体系,并使用综合指数法和熵权法分析2015年浙江省和福建省的10个县域和市域海岛旅游地的生态安全水平。实证结果表明:从现状评价看,各海岛旅游地的生态安全水平总体较低,浙江省的生态安全水平总体上高于福建省,其中舟山市的生态安全水平最高;从影响因子看,各海岛县的环境压力较大,经济状态较好,其次是环境状态和社会状态,环境响应较好;海岛旅游地生态安全状态与海岛面积、海岛面积占地域面积比重没有显著的相关关系。
The island has rich tourism resources, but the ecological environment is relatively fragile, by evaluating the tourism ecological security, this paper can provide a strong reference for tourism development and ecological environment management. This paper uses the "pressure-state-response"(PSR) model to develop the ecological security evaluation index system of island tourism destination.We empirically make a study of 10 destinations in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces by using the comprehensive index method and the entropy method. Findings reveal that: for ecological security level of island tourist destination, the ecological security level of each island tourist area is generally lower, and the ecological security level of Zhejiang Province is higher than that of Fujian province, among which Zhoushan city has the highest ecological security level; As far as influencing factors are concerned, the ecological pressure is greater in the island counties, the higher economic state is, the better ecological response is; The ecological security status has little to do with both the the area of the island tourist destinations and the proportion of island area to regional area.
The island has rich tourism resources, but the ecological environment is relatively fragile, by evaluating the tourism ecological security, this paper can provide a strong reference for tourism development and ecological environment management. This paper uses the "pressure-state-response"(PSR) model to develop the ecological security evaluation index system of island tourism destination.We empirically make a study of 10 destinations in Zhejiang and Fujian provinces by using the comprehensive index method and the entropy method. Findings reveal that: for ecological security level of island tourist destination, the ecological security level of each island tourist area is generally lower, and the ecological security level of Zhejiang Province is higher than that of Fujian province, among which Zhoushan city has the highest ecological security level; As far as influencing factors are concerned, the ecological pressure is greater in the island counties, the higher economic state is, the better ecological response is; The ecological security status has little to do with both the the area of the island tourist destinations and the proportion of island area to regional area.
引文
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[19]刘红,王慧,张兴卫.生态安全评价研究述评[J].生态学杂志, 2006(1):74-78.
[20]董雪旺.旅游地生态安全评价研究——以五大连池风景名胜区为例[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报, 2003(6):100-105.
[2]HALL C M.Trends in ocean and coastal tourism:the end of the last frontier?[J].Ocean&Coastal Management, 2001,44(9):601-618.
[3]BAFALUY D, AMENGUAL A, ROMERO R, et al. Present and future climate resources for various types of tourism in the Bay of Palma, Spain[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2014,14(5):1995-2006.
[4]SOBHEE S K. Fisheries biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism in Mauritius[J].Ocean&Coastal Management,2006,49(7):413-420.
[5]周彬,虞虎,钟林生,等.普陀山岛旅游生态安全发展趋势预测[J].生态学报, 2016(23):7792-7803.
[6]肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容[J].应用生态学报, 2002(03):354-358.
[7]张鹏,丘萍.岩溶地区旅游生态安全评价及趋势分析——以广西为例[J].中国岩溶,2014(4):483-489.
[8]朱东国,熊鹏,方世敏.旅游生态安全约束下张家界市土地利用优化[J].生态学报, 2018(16):5904-5913.
[9]周大庆.旅游生态安全视野的政府与市场分工[J].经济地理, 2011(3):514-517.
[10]李细归,吴清,周勇.中国省域旅游生态安全时空格局与空间效应[J].经济地理,2017(3):210-217.
[11]徐美,刘春腊,李丹,等.基于改进TOPSIS-灰色GM(1,1)模型的张家界市旅游生态安全动态预警[J].应用生态学报, 2017(11):3731-3739.
[12]罗景峰.我国旅游安全评价研究现状与展望[J].防灾科技学院学报, 2014(4):51-58.
[13]王鹏,况福民,邓育武,等.基于旅游生态足迹模型的旅游地生态安全评价——以南岳衡山为例[J].衡阳师范学院学报, 2014(3):54-60.
[14]徐成龙,程钰,任建兰.黄河三角洲地区生态安全预警测度及时空格局[J].经济地理, 2014(3):149-155.
[15]ALBERT A. Environmental policy performance indicators:A Study on the development of indicators for Environmental policy in the netherlands[J]. Uitvgeverij, The Hague, 1993(4):454-460.
[16]肖建红,于庆东,刘康,等.海岛旅游地生态安全与可持续发展评估——以舟山群岛为例[J].地理学报, 2011(6):842-852.
[17]吕君,刘丽梅.基于生态安全的草原旅游发展研究[J].经济纵横, 2007(14):44-46.
[18]林东.基于生态足迹的海岛旅游生态安全评价模型研究[J].内江师范学院学报, 2012(12):70-74.
[19]刘红,王慧,张兴卫.生态安全评价研究述评[J].生态学杂志, 2006(1):74-78.
[20]董雪旺.旅游地生态安全评价研究——以五大连池风景名胜区为例[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报, 2003(6):100-105.