大亚湾黑鲷繁殖特征的生物学研究
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摘要
为开展大亚湾黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)的增殖和保护,于2018年1月、3月、4月和8—12月共采集了721尾黑鲷样本,研究了大亚湾黑鲷繁殖生物学的周年变化特征。结果表明,1)繁殖期的雌性全长为175～487 mm,均值为(297.92±56.61) mm,体质量为90.96～1 907.12 g,均值为(511.36±307.53) g,雄性全长为110～440 mm,均值为(237.61±61.05) mm,体质量为21.92～1 370.00 g,均值为(277.76±210.33) g,雌性个体全长显著大于雄性个体全长(P<0.001);2)性腺成熟系数和性腺发育表明大亚湾黑鲷繁殖期为11月至翌年3月;3)具有雌雄同体个体存在,表明该物种会发生性逆转,且表现为雄性个体先成熟再向雌性转变;4) 50%性成熟雌性全长达到248.52 mm,雄性为148.03 mm;5)卵径频率分布表明黑鲷为分批产卵型鱼类,绝对繁殖力为84 100～2 655 168粒,均值为(728 732±499 547)粒;全长相对繁殖力为380.54～8 271.55粒·mm~(-1),均值为(2 731.44±1 630.93)粒·mm~(-1),体质量相对繁殖力为277.58～3 592.83粒·g~(-1),均值为(1 443.87±766.82)粒·g~(-1),绝对繁殖力与全长、体质量及性腺质量均呈显著线性相关。
We collected 721 individuals of Acanthopagrus schlegeli in Daya Bay in January, March, April, August-December,2018, and then investigated the annual variation of reproductive characteristics of A. schlegeli in Daya Bay so as to provide a theoretical basis for its artificial breeding and conservation. The results show that: 1) the spawning period falls between November and March. The total length ranged 175-487 mm for females [averge(297.92±56.61) mm]. The body mass ranged 90.96-1 907.12 g for females [average(511.36±307.53) g]. The total length ranged 110-440 mm for males [average(237.61±61.05) mm]. The body mass ranged 21.92-1 370.00 g for males [average(277.76±210.33) g]. The full lengths of females were significantly longer than those of males(P<0.001). 2) The gonad maturity coefficient and gonad development indicate that the reproductive period of A. schlegeli in Daya Bay was from November to March. 3) The existence of androgynous individuals indicates that the species will undergo sexual reversal, and the males will mature first and then change to females. 4) The total lengths(TL) at 50% sex maturity for females and males were 248.52 mm and 148.03 mm, respectively. 5) A. schlegeli is a multiple spawner with indeterminate fecundity by oocyte size-frequency distributions. The number of the individual fertility ranged from 84 100 to 2 655 168 granules(average 728 732±499 547). The relative fertility of total length was 380.54-8 271.55 eggs·mm~(-1) [(2 731.44±1 630.93) egg·mm~(-1)]. The relative fertility of body mass was 277.58-3 592.83 eggs·g~(-1) [average(1 443.87±766.82) eggs·g~(-1)]. There was a linear correlation among absolute fecundity and total length, body mass and gonadal mass.
We collected 721 individuals of Acanthopagrus schlegeli in Daya Bay in January, March, April, August-December,2018, and then investigated the annual variation of reproductive characteristics of A. schlegeli in Daya Bay so as to provide a theoretical basis for its artificial breeding and conservation. The results show that: 1) the spawning period falls between November and March. The total length ranged 175-487 mm for females [averge(297.92±56.61) mm]. The body mass ranged 90.96-1 907.12 g for females [average(511.36±307.53) g]. The total length ranged 110-440 mm for males [average(237.61±61.05) mm]. The body mass ranged 21.92-1 370.00 g for males [average(277.76±210.33) g]. The full lengths of females were significantly longer than those of males(P<0.001). 2) The gonad maturity coefficient and gonad development indicate that the reproductive period of A. schlegeli in Daya Bay was from November to March. 3) The existence of androgynous individuals indicates that the species will undergo sexual reversal, and the males will mature first and then change to females. 4) The total lengths(TL) at 50% sex maturity for females and males were 248.52 mm and 148.03 mm, respectively. 5) A. schlegeli is a multiple spawner with indeterminate fecundity by oocyte size-frequency distributions. The number of the individual fertility ranged from 84 100 to 2 655 168 granules(average 728 732±499 547). The relative fertility of total length was 380.54-8 271.55 eggs·mm~(-1) [(2 731.44±1 630.93) egg·mm~(-1)]. The relative fertility of body mass was 277.58-3 592.83 eggs·g~(-1) [average(1 443.87±766.82) eggs·g~(-1)]. There was a linear correlation among absolute fecundity and total length, body mass and gonadal mass.
引文
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[10]王家玥,林清,周睿东,等.广东省环境水体中的氚活度浓度水平[J].辐射防护, 2017, 37(4):265-273.
[11]黎广媚.疏浚泥海洋倾倒对大亚湾口海域环境影响的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2004:1-62.
[12]孔祥昆.由大亚湾核电站外海面油污事故引发的思考[J].船海工程, 2007, 36(5):136-138.
[13]杨玉峰,梁浩亮,范开文,等.惠州海域沉积物重金属污染与潜在生态风险[J].海岸工程, 2018, 37(1):80-88.
[14]梁庆洋,齐占会,巩秀玉,等.大亚湾鱼类深水网箱养殖对环境的影响[J].南方水产科学, 2017, 23(5):25-32.
[15]黄洪辉,林钦,王文质,等.大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对水环境的影响[J].南方水产, 2005, 1(3):9-17.
[16]李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等. 0#柴油和原油水溶性成分对黑鲷肝脏7-乙氧基异吩噁唑酮-脱乙基酶活性及其mRNA表达的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2014, 20(6):1027-1032.
[17]吕敢堂,王志铮,邵国洱,等. 4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 2010, 29(3):206-210.
[18]蒋玫,林钦,沈新强.航道疏浚泥悬浮液对黑鲷胚胎的发育及仔鱼摄食生长的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2009, 18(5):1674-1678.
[19]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].基隆:水产出版社, 1998:105-128.
[20]LAW C, MITCHESON Y. Reproductive biology of black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii, threadfin porgy Evynnis cardinalis and red pargo Pagrus major in the northern South China Sea with consideration of fishery status and management needs[J]. J Fish Biol, 2017, 91(1):101-125.
[21]铃木克美,熊国强.硬骨鱼类的雌雄同体现象[J].水产科技情报, 1990(5):151-154.
[22]孙远东,谭立军,唐新科,等.鱼类性别决定及其基因的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(18):7691-7692, 7695.
[23]WU G C, CHANG C F. Oocytes survive in the testis by altering the soma fate from male to female in the protandrous black porgy,Acanthopagrus schlegeli[J]. Biol Reprod, 2013, 88(1):1-9.
[24]陈淑吟,张志勇,刘海林,等.池养黑鲷性逆转组织学观察[J].海洋科学, 2017, 41(7):51-58.
[25]WOONTTON R J. Ecology of teleost fishes[M]. London:Chapman an Hall, 1991:159-195.
[26]林昭进,王雪辉,江艳娥.大亚湾鱼卵数量分布及种类组成特征[J].中国水产科学, 2010, 17(3):543-550.
[27]邓利,张为民,林浩然,等.黑鲷生长激素及其受体的季节变化[J].水产学报, 2001, 25(3):203-208.
[28]胡兴华.鲷鱼人工繁殖研究-嘉腊Chrysophrys major及黑鲷Acanthopagrus schlegeli之探讨[C].台湾省水产研究所澎湖分所实验报告汇集, 1983(3):1-48.
[29]郑镇安.黑鲷人工繁殖及育苗的研究[J].渔业研究, 1983(3):3-16.
[30]蔡兴邦.黑鲷自然产卵及苗种培育的初步观察[J].江苏海洋水产, 1983(5):63-71.
[31]张孝威.黑鲷卵子及仔,稚,幼鱼的形态观察[J].动物学报,1980, 26(4):331-336.
[32]李加儿,区又君,许波涛,等.黑鲷生物学及其种苗生产技术研究[J].南海水产研究, 1990(2):36-44.
[33]岳敏娟,尤永隆,林丹军.温度对鲫鱼性腺分化的影响[J].动物学杂志, 2009, 44(1):9-16.
[34]施兆鸿.盐度对黑鲷卵巢发育的影响[J].水产学报, 1996, 20(4):357-360.
[35]CAMBRAY J A, BRUTON M N. The reproductive strategy of a barb, Barbus anoplus(Pisces:Cyprinidae), colonizing a manmade lake in South Africa[J]. J Zool, 2010, 204(2):143-168.
[36]严云志.抚仙湖外来鱼类生活史对策的适应性进化研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所), 2005:21-105.
[37]中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会水产业卷编辑委员会.中国农业百科全书:水产业卷上[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1994:216-217.
[38]郭禹.花尾胡椒鲷与黑鲷的超声波标志跟踪研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学, 2016:18-31.
[39]韩兴勇.渔业资源保护和渔民的意识关系[J].中国渔业经济,2000, 18(6):29-30.
[40]唐议,李富荣,庄会柏,等.我国渔民弱势群体问题与对策分析[J].中国渔业经济, 2006, 24(4):3-7.
[41]邹玉芹,张东芝,王为璋.黑鲷网箱养殖技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2000, 17(3):21-22.
[42]朱德芬.黑鲷人工养殖技术讲座:第一讲黑鲷生物学特性及增养殖概况[J].水产养殖, 1996(1):30-31.
[43]钱国英.鱼类的性别及人工控制[J].动物学杂志, 2000, 35(1):47-52.
[44]邹记兴,陶友宝,向文洲,等.人工诱导点带石斑鱼性逆转的组织学证据及其机制探讨[J].高技术通讯, 2003, 13(6):81-86.
[45]储张杰.黄鳝性逆转研究进展[J].水利渔业, 2006, 26(6):19-23.
[2]林金,陈涛,陈琳,等.大亚湾黑鲷标志放流技术[J].水产学报,2001, 25(1):79-83.
[3]江世贵,苏天凤,夏军红,等.中国近海鲷科鱼类种质资源及其利用[M].北京:海洋出版社, 2012:17-18.
[4]国家海洋局第三研究所.大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅰ)[C].北京:海洋出版社, 1989:1-5.
[5]国家海洋局第三研究所.大亚湾海洋生态文集(Ⅱ)[C].北京:海洋出版社, 1990:1-42.
[6]邱永松,曾小光,陈涛,等.南海渔业资源与渔业管理[M].北京:海洋出版社, 2008:115-116.
[7]广东省海岛资源综合调查大队,广东省海岸带和海涂资源综合调查领导小组办公室.广东省海岛资源综合调查报告[R].广州:广东科技出版社, 1995:121-122.
[8]柯东胜,彭晓娟,吴玲铃,等.大亚湾典型生态系统状况调查与分析[J].海洋环境科学, 2009, 28(4):421-425.
[9]王雪辉,杜飞雁,邱永松,等. 1980-2007年大亚湾鱼类物种多样性、区系特征和数量变化[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(9):2403-2410.
[10]王家玥,林清,周睿东,等.广东省环境水体中的氚活度浓度水平[J].辐射防护, 2017, 37(4):265-273.
[11]黎广媚.疏浚泥海洋倾倒对大亚湾口海域环境影响的研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学, 2004:1-62.
[12]孔祥昆.由大亚湾核电站外海面油污事故引发的思考[J].船海工程, 2007, 36(5):136-138.
[13]杨玉峰,梁浩亮,范开文,等.惠州海域沉积物重金属污染与潜在生态风险[J].海岸工程, 2018, 37(1):80-88.
[14]梁庆洋,齐占会,巩秀玉,等.大亚湾鱼类深水网箱养殖对环境的影响[J].南方水产科学, 2017, 23(5):25-32.
[15]黄洪辉,林钦,王文质,等.大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对水环境的影响[J].南方水产, 2005, 1(3):9-17.
[16]李磊,蒋玫,沈新强,等. 0#柴油和原油水溶性成分对黑鲷肝脏7-乙氧基异吩噁唑酮-脱乙基酶活性及其mRNA表达的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2014, 20(6):1027-1032.
[17]吕敢堂,王志铮,邵国洱,等. 4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 2010, 29(3):206-210.
[18]蒋玫,林钦,沈新强.航道疏浚泥悬浮液对黑鲷胚胎的发育及仔鱼摄食生长的影响[J].生态环境学报, 2009, 18(5):1674-1678.
[19]殷名称.鱼类生态学[M].基隆:水产出版社, 1998:105-128.
[20]LAW C, MITCHESON Y. Reproductive biology of black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii, threadfin porgy Evynnis cardinalis and red pargo Pagrus major in the northern South China Sea with consideration of fishery status and management needs[J]. J Fish Biol, 2017, 91(1):101-125.
[21]铃木克美,熊国强.硬骨鱼类的雌雄同体现象[J].水产科技情报, 1990(5):151-154.
[22]孙远东,谭立军,唐新科,等.鱼类性别决定及其基因的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(18):7691-7692, 7695.
[23]WU G C, CHANG C F. Oocytes survive in the testis by altering the soma fate from male to female in the protandrous black porgy,Acanthopagrus schlegeli[J]. Biol Reprod, 2013, 88(1):1-9.
[24]陈淑吟,张志勇,刘海林,等.池养黑鲷性逆转组织学观察[J].海洋科学, 2017, 41(7):51-58.
[25]WOONTTON R J. Ecology of teleost fishes[M]. London:Chapman an Hall, 1991:159-195.
[26]林昭进,王雪辉,江艳娥.大亚湾鱼卵数量分布及种类组成特征[J].中国水产科学, 2010, 17(3):543-550.
[27]邓利,张为民,林浩然,等.黑鲷生长激素及其受体的季节变化[J].水产学报, 2001, 25(3):203-208.
[28]胡兴华.鲷鱼人工繁殖研究-嘉腊Chrysophrys major及黑鲷Acanthopagrus schlegeli之探讨[C].台湾省水产研究所澎湖分所实验报告汇集, 1983(3):1-48.
[29]郑镇安.黑鲷人工繁殖及育苗的研究[J].渔业研究, 1983(3):3-16.
[30]蔡兴邦.黑鲷自然产卵及苗种培育的初步观察[J].江苏海洋水产, 1983(5):63-71.
[31]张孝威.黑鲷卵子及仔,稚,幼鱼的形态观察[J].动物学报,1980, 26(4):331-336.
[32]李加儿,区又君,许波涛,等.黑鲷生物学及其种苗生产技术研究[J].南海水产研究, 1990(2):36-44.
[33]岳敏娟,尤永隆,林丹军.温度对鲫鱼性腺分化的影响[J].动物学杂志, 2009, 44(1):9-16.
[34]施兆鸿.盐度对黑鲷卵巢发育的影响[J].水产学报, 1996, 20(4):357-360.
[35]CAMBRAY J A, BRUTON M N. The reproductive strategy of a barb, Barbus anoplus(Pisces:Cyprinidae), colonizing a manmade lake in South Africa[J]. J Zool, 2010, 204(2):143-168.
[36]严云志.抚仙湖外来鱼类生活史对策的适应性进化研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(水生生物研究所), 2005:21-105.
[37]中国农业百科全书总编辑委员会水产业卷编辑委员会.中国农业百科全书:水产业卷上[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1994:216-217.
[38]郭禹.花尾胡椒鲷与黑鲷的超声波标志跟踪研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学, 2016:18-31.
[39]韩兴勇.渔业资源保护和渔民的意识关系[J].中国渔业经济,2000, 18(6):29-30.
[40]唐议,李富荣,庄会柏,等.我国渔民弱势群体问题与对策分析[J].中国渔业经济, 2006, 24(4):3-7.
[41]邹玉芹,张东芝,王为璋.黑鲷网箱养殖技术[J].齐鲁渔业,2000, 17(3):21-22.
[42]朱德芬.黑鲷人工养殖技术讲座:第一讲黑鲷生物学特性及增养殖概况[J].水产养殖, 1996(1):30-31.
[43]钱国英.鱼类的性别及人工控制[J].动物学杂志, 2000, 35(1):47-52.
[44]邹记兴,陶友宝,向文洲,等.人工诱导点带石斑鱼性逆转的组织学证据及其机制探讨[J].高技术通讯, 2003, 13(6):81-86.
[45]储张杰.黄鳝性逆转研究进展[J].水利渔业, 2006, 26(6):19-23.
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