生物质炭与化肥氮配施对植烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽试验研究了生物质炭配施不同用量化肥氮对烤烟根区土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。研究结果显示,添加生物质炭提高了土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳含量;减少15%化肥氮配施生物质炭处理(T3)显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶活性,提升了土壤新陈代谢水平。不同处理土壤微生物的碳源利用率不同,以T3处理的AWCD(平均颜色变化率)值最高,且微生物丰富度和优势度均为较高水平。主成分和热图分析表明,不同处理微生物功能差异性和优势碳源不同,其中T3处理的微生物群落功能差异性较小,优势碳源羧酸类中包含的碳源种最多。添加生物质炭可提高烟株根冠比23.06%～42.36%。因此,添加生物质炭可增强植烟土壤微生物活性,提高土壤微生物功能多样性,以减少15%化肥氮配施生物质炭效果最好。
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar combined with different dosages of nitrogen fertilizer on the functional diversity of soil microbial community in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere. The results showed that biochar application increased the contents of soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, and the treatment of biochar with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(T3) significantly improved soil catalase activity and metabolism level. Carbon source utilization of soil microorganism were different under different treatments, T3 treatment had the highest average well color development(AWCD) value, and smaller soil microbial richness and dominance. Principle component analysis and thermal graph analysis showed that the functional differences and dominant carbon sources of soil microbial communities were different under different treatments, among of which, T3 treatment had smaller functional difference and contained most carbon sources in the dominant carbon source carboxylic acids. The biochar application improved root-crown ratio of tobacco by 23.06%–42.36%. Therefore, biocar application can enhance the microbial activity of tobacco-planting soil and improve the diversity of soil microbial function, and the biochar combing with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer has the best effect.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of biochar combined with different dosages of nitrogen fertilizer on the functional diversity of soil microbial community in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere. The results showed that biochar application increased the contents of soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon, and the treatment of biochar with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(T3) significantly improved soil catalase activity and metabolism level. Carbon source utilization of soil microorganism were different under different treatments, T3 treatment had the highest average well color development(AWCD) value, and smaller soil microbial richness and dominance. Principle component analysis and thermal graph analysis showed that the functional differences and dominant carbon sources of soil microbial communities were different under different treatments, among of which, T3 treatment had smaller functional difference and contained most carbon sources in the dominant carbon source carboxylic acids. The biochar application improved root-crown ratio of tobacco by 23.06%–42.36%. Therefore, biocar application can enhance the microbial activity of tobacco-planting soil and improve the diversity of soil microbial function, and the biochar combing with 15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer has the best effect.
引文
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[6]谷思玉,李欣洁,魏丹,等.生物炭对大豆根际土壤养分含量及微生物数量的影响[J].大豆科学, 2014. 33(3):393–397
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[11]韩光明,孟军,曹婷,等.生物炭对菠菜根际微生物及土壤理化性质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2012, 43(5):515–520
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[13]岳冰冰,李鑫,张会慧,等.连作对黑龙江烤烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].土壤, 2013, 45(1):116–119
[14]杨宇虹,陈冬梅,晋艳,等.不同肥料种类对连作烟草根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报, 2011,37(1):105–111
[15]姜蓉,徐智,汤利,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对设施菊花养分吸收转运及产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报, 2016, 31(5):910–916
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[17]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社, 2006
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986
[20] Zhu L X, Xiao Q, Shen Y F, et al. Microbial functional diversity responses to 2 years since biochar application in silt-loam soils on the Loess Plateau[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety, 2017, 144:578
[21] Chen L, Li C, Feng Q, et al. Shifts in soil microbial metabolic activities and community structures along a salinity gradient of irrigation water in a typical arid region of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 598:64–70
[22]郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 2016,37(4):6–12
[23]勾芒芒,屈忠义.生物炭对改善土壤理化性质及作物产量影响的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2013(5):1–5
[24]陈冬梅.不同pH和不同形态氮对几种作物生物量积累和根系解剖结构的影响[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学, 2005
[25]胡玮,李桂花,任意,等.不同碳氮比有机肥组合对低肥力土壤小麦生物量和部分土壤肥力因素的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2011(2):22–27
[26]沈盟,蒋芳玲,王珊,等.生物质炭施用量对土壤性状和番茄产质量的影响[J].土壤, 2017, 49(3):534–542
[27]陈红丽.腐熟麦秸对植烟土壤的营养效应及其机理研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学, 2013
[28]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2016,36(8):2355–2362
[29]张继旭,张继光,张忠锋,等.秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016, 37(5):16–21
[30]黄哲,曲世华,白岚,等.不同秸秆混合生物炭对盐碱土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(4):290–295
[31]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014,33(4):751–758
[32] Nielsen U N, Ayres E, Wall D H, et al. Soil biodiversity and carbon cycling:A review and synthesis of studies examining diversity-function relationships[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 62(1):105–116
[33]罗希茜,郝晓晖,陈涛,等.长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2009, 29(2):740–748
[34]杨秉珣,刘泉,董廷旭.嘉陵江流域不同土地利用类型土壤微生物功能多样性特征[J].水土保持研究, 2017.24(5):14–20, 26
[35]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.农用生物炭研究进展与前景[J].中国农业科学, 2013. 46(16):3324–3333
[36]王杰,李刚,修伟明,等.贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物功能多样性对氮素和水分添加的响应[J].草业学报, 2014.23(4):343–350
[2]鲁顺保,张艳杰,陈成榕,等.基于BIOLOG指纹解析三种不同森林类型土壤细菌群落功能差异[J].土壤学报,2013, 50(3):618–623
[3]夏昕,石坤,黄欠如,等.长期不同施肥条件下红壤性水稻土微生物群落结构的变化[J].土壤学报, 2015, 52(3):697–705
[4]王欣,尹带霞,张凤,等.生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(4):248–257
[5]张阿凤,潘根兴,李恋卿.生物黑炭及其增汇减排与改良土壤意义[J].农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28(12):2459–2463
[6]谷思玉,李欣洁,魏丹,等.生物炭对大豆根际土壤养分含量及微生物数量的影响[J].大豆科学, 2014. 33(3):393–397
[7] Glaser B, Haumaier L, Guggenberger G, et al, The ‘Terra Preta’ phenomenon:A model for sustainable agriculture in the humid tropics[J]. Naturwissenschaften, 2001, 88(1):37–41
[8] Daniel D W, Johannes L, Thomas W K, et al. Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil-Concepts and mechanisms[J].Plant&Soil, 2007, 300(1/2):9–20
[9]李猛,张恩平,张淑红,等.长期不同施肥设施菜地土壤酶活性与微生物碳源利用特征比较[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(1):44–53
[10]姚玲丹,程广焕,王丽晓,等.施用生物炭对土壤微生物的影响[J].环境化学, 2015(4):697–704
[11]韩光明,孟军,曹婷,等.生物炭对菠菜根际微生物及土壤理化性质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报, 2012, 43(5):515–520
[12]陈伟,周波,束怀瑞.生物炭和有机肥处理对平邑甜茶根系和土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2013, 46(18):3850–3856
[13]岳冰冰,李鑫,张会慧,等.连作对黑龙江烤烟土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].土壤, 2013, 45(1):116–119
[14]杨宇虹,陈冬梅,晋艳,等.不同肥料种类对连作烟草根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报, 2011,37(1):105–111
[15]姜蓉,徐智,汤利,等.化肥减量配施生物有机肥对设施菊花养分吸收转运及产量的影响[J].云南农业大学学报, 2016, 31(5):910–916
[16]江琳琳.生物炭对土壤微生物多样性和群落结构的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学, 2016
[17]吴金水.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社, 2006
[18]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000
[19]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社,1986
[20] Zhu L X, Xiao Q, Shen Y F, et al. Microbial functional diversity responses to 2 years since biochar application in silt-loam soils on the Loess Plateau[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety, 2017, 144:578
[21] Chen L, Li C, Feng Q, et al. Shifts in soil microbial metabolic activities and community structures along a salinity gradient of irrigation water in a typical arid region of China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 598:64–70
[22]郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学, 2016,37(4):6–12
[23]勾芒芒,屈忠义.生物炭对改善土壤理化性质及作物产量影响的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2013(5):1–5
[24]陈冬梅.不同pH和不同形态氮对几种作物生物量积累和根系解剖结构的影响[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学, 2005
[25]胡玮,李桂花,任意,等.不同碳氮比有机肥组合对低肥力土壤小麦生物量和部分土壤肥力因素的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2011(2):22–27
[26]沈盟,蒋芳玲,王珊,等.生物质炭施用量对土壤性状和番茄产质量的影响[J].土壤, 2017, 49(3):534–542
[27]陈红丽.腐熟麦秸对植烟土壤的营养效应及其机理研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学, 2013
[28]赵军,耿增超,尚杰,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响[J].生态学报, 2016,36(8):2355–2362
[29]张继旭,张继光,张忠锋,等.秸秆生物炭对烤烟生长发育、土壤有机碳及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016, 37(5):16–21
[30]黄哲,曲世华,白岚,等.不同秸秆混合生物炭对盐碱土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究, 2017, 24(4):290–295
[31]陈心想,耿增超,王森,等.施用生物炭后塿土土壤微生物及酶活性变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报, 2014,33(4):751–758
[32] Nielsen U N, Ayres E, Wall D H, et al. Soil biodiversity and carbon cycling:A review and synthesis of studies examining diversity-function relationships[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 62(1):105–116
[33]罗希茜,郝晓晖,陈涛,等.长期不同施肥对稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报, 2009, 29(2):740–748
[34]杨秉珣,刘泉,董廷旭.嘉陵江流域不同土地利用类型土壤微生物功能多样性特征[J].水土保持研究, 2017.24(5):14–20, 26
[35]陈温福,张伟明,孟军.农用生物炭研究进展与前景[J].中国农业科学, 2013. 46(16):3324–3333
[36]王杰,李刚,修伟明,等.贝加尔针茅草原土壤微生物功能多样性对氮素和水分添加的响应[J].草业学报, 2014.23(4):343–350