膜下滴灌结合暗管技术土壤水盐特性研究
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摘要
膜下滴灌结合暗管排水技术,是一种将膜下滴灌和暗管排水技术结为一体的复合型节水灌排技术。为探究该技术条件下的玉米大田作物土壤水盐和有机质运移规律,在吉林省前郭县前诸尔钦村选取试验地,通过膜下滴灌结合暗管排水(T1)、膜下滴灌(T2)和传统种植(T3)三个不同小区进行田间试验。试验结果表明:在玉米生长期,同一土层深度土壤含水率T1、T2、T3变化幅度分别为9.46%、15.35%、23.49%,说明膜下滴管结合暗管排水有助于改善土壤保水性;T1各层土壤均出现不同程度的脱盐,20、40、60 cm土层脱盐率分别为40.5%、38.8%、27.9%,T2玉米生长后期出现深层土壤积盐现象,积盐率为95.2%,T3降雨条件下出现深层土壤积盐,干旱条件下出现表层土壤返盐现象;T1在玉米生长后期,20、40、60 cm土壤有机质含量显著增加,T2、T3呈下降的趋势,说明膜下滴灌结合暗管排水有助于提高土壤有机质含量,利于作物生长。本研究还利用Hydrus-1D建立土壤水分运移模型,模拟效果较好,模型可靠。
Membrane drip irrigation combined with concealed drainage technology is a composite water-saving irrigation and drainage technology that combines under-drip irrigation and concealed drainage technology. In order to explore the soil water, salt and organic matter migration rules of corn field crops under the technical conditions, the experimental sites are selected in the former Zhuerqin Village of Qianguo County, Jilin Province, through submerged drip irrigation combined with concealed drainage(T1) and sub-membrane drip irrigation Field trials were conducted in three different plots of(T2) and traditional planting(T3). The results showed that the change of the soil moisture content T1, T2, T3 in the same soil depth is 9.46%, 15.35%, and 23.49% in the corn growing season, respectively. Indicating that the membrane drip tube combined with the dark tube drainage can help to improve the soil water retention. The soils of T1 occurs different degrees of desalting, and the desalination rates of 20, 40 and 60 cm soil layers are 40.5%, 38.8% and 27.9%, respectively. In the late growth stage of T2 corn, salt accumulation in deep soil was observed, and the salt accumulation rate was 95.2%. The deep soil salt accumulation occurred under T3 rainfall conditions, and the surface soil returned to salt under drought conditions. In the late growth stage of maize of T1, the soil organic matter content increased significantly, T2 and T3 had the trend of declining. It indicates that under-drip irrigation combined with concealed drainage helps to increase soil organic matter content and facilitate crop growth. This study also uses Hydrus-1 D to establish a water transport model with good simulation results and reliable models.
Membrane drip irrigation combined with concealed drainage technology is a composite water-saving irrigation and drainage technology that combines under-drip irrigation and concealed drainage technology. In order to explore the soil water, salt and organic matter migration rules of corn field crops under the technical conditions, the experimental sites are selected in the former Zhuerqin Village of Qianguo County, Jilin Province, through submerged drip irrigation combined with concealed drainage(T1) and sub-membrane drip irrigation Field trials were conducted in three different plots of(T2) and traditional planting(T3). The results showed that the change of the soil moisture content T1, T2, T3 in the same soil depth is 9.46%, 15.35%, and 23.49% in the corn growing season, respectively. Indicating that the membrane drip tube combined with the dark tube drainage can help to improve the soil water retention. The soils of T1 occurs different degrees of desalting, and the desalination rates of 20, 40 and 60 cm soil layers are 40.5%, 38.8% and 27.9%, respectively. In the late growth stage of T2 corn, salt accumulation in deep soil was observed, and the salt accumulation rate was 95.2%. The deep soil salt accumulation occurred under T3 rainfall conditions, and the surface soil returned to salt under drought conditions. In the late growth stage of maize of T1, the soil organic matter content increased significantly, T2 and T3 had the trend of declining. It indicates that under-drip irrigation combined with concealed drainage helps to increase soil organic matter content and facilitate crop growth. This study also uses Hydrus-1 D to establish a water transport model with good simulation results and reliable models.
引文
[1] 安丰华.暗管排水改良苏打盐碱土技术应用研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2012.
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[3] Yaser Abbasi,Fariborz Abbasi.Evaluation of furrow fertigation and model validation on maize field[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2012,25(4):279-291.
[4] 高金花,柏宇,廉冀宁.玉米高光效膜下滴灌试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(3):179-182.
[5] 王九全,王文焰.膜下滴灌盐碱地水盐运移特征研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,7(4):54-57.
[6] 王留运,叶清平,岳兵.我国微灌技术发展的回顾与预测[J].节水灌溉,2000(3):3-7.
[7] 陈多方,许鸿,徐腊梅,等.北疆棉区棉花膜下滴灌蒸散规律研究[J].新疆气象,2001(2):16-17.
[8] Mohammad Mehdi Moghimi.Effect of Various On-Farm Water Management Scenarios on Equity and Productivity in Irrigation Networks[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(7):2405-2424.
[9] A E Brookfield,C Gnau.Optimizing Water Management for Irrigation Under Climate Uncertainty:Evaluating Operational and Structural Alternatives in the Lower Republican River Basin,Kansas,USA[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(2):607-622.
[10] KonstantinosX Soulis,Ph D.Optimum Soil Water Content Sensors Placement in Drip Irrigation Scheduling Systems:Concept of Time Stable Representative Positions[J]J.Irrig.Drain Eng.,2016,142(11):1-9.
[11] 邵孝侯,刘才良.暗管排水对滨海新垦区土壤盐分动态的影响及脱盐效果[J].河海大学学报,1995(2):88-93.
[12] 艾天成,李方敏.暗管排水对涝渍地耕层土壤理化性质的影响[J].长江大学学报(自科版)农学卷,2007(2):4-5,8,124.
[13] 孙秀娟,浅析农田水利用中的暗管排水技术[J].民营科技,2015(3):255.
[14] 周明耀,陈朝如.滨海盐土地区暗管排水系统布置模式的研究[J].江苏农业研究,2000(3):34-38.
[15] 王智慧,王洪义.利用暗管排盐技术改良盐碱地土壤盐分变化研究[J].河南科技,3013(1):203-204.
[16] 田玉福,窦森.暗管不同埋管间距对苏打草甸碱土的改良效果[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(12):145-153.
[17] 高金花,周庆瑜,柏宇,等.DSSAT模型在玉米膜下滴灌模式下的应用研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(4):145-149.
[18] 高金花,柏宇,葛胜,等.区域玉米水肥耦合制度的优化研究:以长春市绿园区为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(4):4-7.
[19] 廉冀宁.吉林省西部玉米膜下滴灌结合暗管系统水盐运移试验研究[D].长春:长春工程学院,2017.
[20] 李毅.覆膜条件下土壤水、盐、热耦合迁移试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2002.
[21] 胡庆芳,杨大文,王银堂,杨汉波.Hargreaves公式的全局校正及适用性评价[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):160-167.
[2] Flowers T J.Salinisation and horticultural production[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1999,78(1):1-4.
[3] Yaser Abbasi,Fariborz Abbasi.Evaluation of furrow fertigation and model validation on maize field[J].Irrigation and Drainage Systems,2012,25(4):279-291.
[4] 高金花,柏宇,廉冀宁.玉米高光效膜下滴灌试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(3):179-182.
[5] 王九全,王文焰.膜下滴灌盐碱地水盐运移特征研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,7(4):54-57.
[6] 王留运,叶清平,岳兵.我国微灌技术发展的回顾与预测[J].节水灌溉,2000(3):3-7.
[7] 陈多方,许鸿,徐腊梅,等.北疆棉区棉花膜下滴灌蒸散规律研究[J].新疆气象,2001(2):16-17.
[8] Mohammad Mehdi Moghimi.Effect of Various On-Farm Water Management Scenarios on Equity and Productivity in Irrigation Networks[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(7):2405-2424.
[9] A E Brookfield,C Gnau.Optimizing Water Management for Irrigation Under Climate Uncertainty:Evaluating Operational and Structural Alternatives in the Lower Republican River Basin,Kansas,USA[J].Water Resources Management,2016,30(2):607-622.
[10] KonstantinosX Soulis,Ph D.Optimum Soil Water Content Sensors Placement in Drip Irrigation Scheduling Systems:Concept of Time Stable Representative Positions[J]J.Irrig.Drain Eng.,2016,142(11):1-9.
[11] 邵孝侯,刘才良.暗管排水对滨海新垦区土壤盐分动态的影响及脱盐效果[J].河海大学学报,1995(2):88-93.
[12] 艾天成,李方敏.暗管排水对涝渍地耕层土壤理化性质的影响[J].长江大学学报(自科版)农学卷,2007(2):4-5,8,124.
[13] 孙秀娟,浅析农田水利用中的暗管排水技术[J].民营科技,2015(3):255.
[14] 周明耀,陈朝如.滨海盐土地区暗管排水系统布置模式的研究[J].江苏农业研究,2000(3):34-38.
[15] 王智慧,王洪义.利用暗管排盐技术改良盐碱地土壤盐分变化研究[J].河南科技,3013(1):203-204.
[16] 田玉福,窦森.暗管不同埋管间距对苏打草甸碱土的改良效果[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(12):145-153.
[17] 高金花,周庆瑜,柏宇,等.DSSAT模型在玉米膜下滴灌模式下的应用研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(4):145-149.
[18] 高金花,柏宇,葛胜,等.区域玉米水肥耦合制度的优化研究:以长春市绿园区为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(4):4-7.
[19] 廉冀宁.吉林省西部玉米膜下滴灌结合暗管系统水盐运移试验研究[D].长春:长春工程学院,2017.
[20] 李毅.覆膜条件下土壤水、盐、热耦合迁移试验研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2002.
[21] 胡庆芳,杨大文,王银堂,杨汉波.Hargreaves公式的全局校正及适用性评价[J].水科学进展,2011,22(2):160-167.
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