2001—2016年中国生物多样性保护优先区域植被和水域动态监测与分析
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摘要
生物多样性是生态可持续发展的必要条件,生物多样性保护优先区域是我国生物多样性保护的关键区域,植被和水域是重要的自然生境条件,监测其动态变化具有重要意义。选取与生物多样性维持能力密切相关的植被覆盖度和水域面积为监测指标,利用2001—2016年中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)反射率数据和国产全球陆地特征量(GLASS)产品为主要数据源,对我国32个陆地和水域生物多样性保护优先区域开展自然生境状况遥感监测,并对其现状和变化趋势进行深入分析。结果表明:全部32个陆地和水域生物多样性保护优先区域植被的覆盖状况优于全国平均水平,2001—2016年植被覆盖以改善为主,53.98%的面积植被覆盖度呈增加趋势,24.41%的面积呈降低趋势,羌塘-三江源区、呼伦贝尔区和洞庭湖区等优先区域近5 a呈现下降趋势;32个优先区域水域面积总体呈增加趋势,羌塘-三江源区、松嫩平原区和西鄂尔多斯-贺兰山-阴山区3个区域水域面积增加较明显。
Biodiversity is necessary for ecological sustainable development. Priority areas for biodiversity conservation are the key areas for biodiversity conservation in China. It is of great significance to monitor the dynamic changes on vegetation and water which are important natural habitats. In the present study, the MODIS reflectance data and GLASS products(2001-2016) were used as the main data source, and fractional vegetation coverage(FVC) and water area which are closely related to the maintenance of biodiversity, were selected as the monitoring indicators. The present situation and changing trends on the natural habitat status for 32 priority areas for terrestrial biodiversity conservation in China were analyzed in depth based on remote sensing. The results show that FVC in priority areas is better than national average. The varying trend on FVC in the priority areas were generally improved from 2001 to 2016, of which 53.98% was increased while 24.41% was decreased. In the past five years the FVC in Qiangtang-Sanjiangyuan area, Hulunbeir District and Dongting Lake region has shown a decreasing trend. In addition, water area was increased generally, which was more evident in the three priority areas, Qiangtang-Sanjiangyuan area, Songnen Plain area and West Ordos-Helan Mountains-Yin Mountains area.
Biodiversity is necessary for ecological sustainable development. Priority areas for biodiversity conservation are the key areas for biodiversity conservation in China. It is of great significance to monitor the dynamic changes on vegetation and water which are important natural habitats. In the present study, the MODIS reflectance data and GLASS products(2001-2016) were used as the main data source, and fractional vegetation coverage(FVC) and water area which are closely related to the maintenance of biodiversity, were selected as the monitoring indicators. The present situation and changing trends on the natural habitat status for 32 priority areas for terrestrial biodiversity conservation in China were analyzed in depth based on remote sensing. The results show that FVC in priority areas is better than national average. The varying trend on FVC in the priority areas were generally improved from 2001 to 2016, of which 53.98% was increased while 24.41% was decreased. In the past five years the FVC in Qiangtang-Sanjiangyuan area, Hulunbeir District and Dongting Lake region has shown a decreasing trend. In addition, water area was increased generally, which was more evident in the three priority areas, Qiangtang-Sanjiangyuan area, Songnen Plain area and West Ordos-Helan Mountains-Yin Mountains area.
引文
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[16] 贺冉冉,马玲.基于滑动窗口的非参数趋势检验在气候序列趋势和波动分析中的应用[C]//蚌埠市科学技术协会.促进科技经济结合,服务创新驱动发展:蚌埠市科协2012年度学术年会论文集.蚌埠:[出版者不详],2012:213-220.
[17] JAIN S K,SINGH R D,JAIN M K,et al.Delineation of Flood-Prone Areas Using Remote Sensing Techniques[J].Water Resources Management,2005,19(4):333-347.
[18] 万华伟,高帅,刘玉平,等.呼伦贝尔生态功能区草地退化的时空特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1443-1451.[WAN Hua-wei,GAO Shuai,LIU Yu-ping,et al.Grassland Degradation Monitoring and Spatio-Temporal Variation Analysis of the Hulun Buir Ecological Function Region[J].Resources Science,2016,38(8):1443-1451.]
[2] 环境保护部.关于发布《中国生物多样性保护优先区域范围》的公告[EB/OL].(2015-12-31)[2018-04-04].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201601/t20160105-321061.htm.
[3] 张新时.中国植被及其地理格局:中华人民共和国植被图(1∶1 000 000)说明书[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:3-4.
[4] 马明国,王建,王雪梅.基于遥感的植被年际变化及其与气候关系研究进展[J].遥感学报,2006,10(3):421-431.[MA Ming-guo,WANG Jian,WANG Xue-mei.Advance in the Inter-Annual Variability of Vegetation and Its Relation to Climate Based on Remote Sensing[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2006,10(3):421-431.]
[5] STOW D,HAMADA Y,COULTER L,et al.Monitoring Shrubland Habitat Changes Through Object-Based Change Identification With Airborne Multispectral Imagery[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(3):1051-1061.
[6] 赵海迪,刘世梁,董世魁,等.基于植被覆盖度的藏羚羊栖息地时空变化研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3285-3292.[ZHAO Hai-di,LIU Shi-liang,DONG Shi-kui,et al.Study on Spatio-Temperal Change of Tibetan Antelope′s Habitat Based on Vegetation Coverage[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3285-3292.]
[7] VI?A A,BEARER S,ZHANG H M,et al.Evaluating MODIS Data for Mapping Wildlife Habitat Distribution[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(5):2160-2169.
[8] 王慧,谢小魁,米胜渊,等.基于遥感的洞庭湖面积变化及其影响研究[J].农业网络信息,2017(1):90-95.[WANG Hui,XIE Xiao-kui,MI Sheng-yuan,et al.Study on the Change and Its Impact of Dongting Lake′s Area Based on Remote Sensing[J].Agriculture Network Information,2017(1):90-95.]
[9] 韩奔,冯理,韩联宪,等.纳帕海越冬水鸟数量与水域面积的关系[J].西南林学院学报,2009,29(2):44-46.[HAN Ben,FENG Li,HAN Lian-xian,et al.Relationship Between Population Fluctuation of Wintering Waterfowls and Water Area Change in Napahai Nature Reserve[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry University,2009,29(2):44-46.]
[10] 赵慧颖,乌力吉,郝文俊.气候变化对呼伦湖湿地及其周边地区生态环境演变的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1064-1071.[ZHAO Hui-ying,WU Li-ji,HAO Wen-jun.Influences of Climate Change to Ecological and Environment in the Hulun Lake Wetland and Its Surrounding Areas[J]Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(3):1064-1071.]
[11] JIA K,LIANG S L,LIU S H,et al.Global Land Surface Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation Using General Regression Neural Networks From MODIS Surface Reflectance[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2015,53(9):4787-4796.
[12] 梁顺林,程洁,贾坤,等.陆表定量遥感反演方法的发展新动态[J].遥感学报,2016,20(5):875-898.[LIANG Shun-lin,CHENG Jie,JIA Kun,et al.Recent Progress in Land Surface Quantitative Remote Sensing[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2016,20(5):875-898.]
[13] 王佃来,刘文萍,黄心渊.基于Sen+Mann-Kendall的北京植被变化趋势分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2013,49(5):13-17.[WANG Dian-lai,LIU Wen-ping,HUANG Xin-yuan.Trend Analysis in Vegetaiton Cover in Beijing Based on Sen+Mann-Kendall Method[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2013,49(5):13-17.]
[14] HOAGLIN D C,MOSTELLER F,TUKEY J W.Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis[M].New York:Wiley,1983:169-181.
[15] HIRSCH R M,SMITH R A,SLACK R J.Techniques of Trend Analysis for Monthly Water Quality Data[J].Water Resources Research,1982,18(1):107-121.
[16] 贺冉冉,马玲.基于滑动窗口的非参数趋势检验在气候序列趋势和波动分析中的应用[C]//蚌埠市科学技术协会.促进科技经济结合,服务创新驱动发展:蚌埠市科协2012年度学术年会论文集.蚌埠:[出版者不详],2012:213-220.
[17] JAIN S K,SINGH R D,JAIN M K,et al.Delineation of Flood-Prone Areas Using Remote Sensing Techniques[J].Water Resources Management,2005,19(4):333-347.
[18] 万华伟,高帅,刘玉平,等.呼伦贝尔生态功能区草地退化的时空特征[J].资源科学,2016,38(8):1443-1451.[WAN Hua-wei,GAO Shuai,LIU Yu-ping,et al.Grassland Degradation Monitoring and Spatio-Temporal Variation Analysis of the Hulun Buir Ecological Function Region[J].Resources Science,2016,38(8):1443-1451.]