某化工场地表层土壤中多环芳烃污染特征
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摘要
采集某化工厂退役场地31件表层土壤样品,运用高效液相色谱-荧光-紫外检测器串联气相色谱法分析了美国环保局优先控制的16种多环芳烃的含量、组分特征及来源。结果表明,多环芳烃在化工厂区内普遍存在,其中荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘等多环芳烃检出率高达90%以上,单点检出最高值分别达2904ng/g、7469ng/g、2150ng/g、2299ng/g、909ng/g、1183ng/g,且4环以上多环芳烃明显占优。化工厂区土壤中多环芳烃含量在35.6～28771ng/g,平均值为2496.3ng/g;苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽最大检测值(1183ng/g和628ng/g)超出了第Ⅰ类用地标准(550ng/g)没有超出第Ⅱ类用地标准(1500ng/g),其它指标没有超出相关标准,表明该区域内土壤已经受到了不同程度的污染,该区域表层土壤存在潜在的环境风险,需要采取一定的风险管控等措施来减少造成的危害。
Concentrations and composition of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) listed for prior control by US EPA are detected to analyze 31 surface soil samples from a chemical industrial area with a gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The characteristics and contamination sources of PAHs are discussed. The results show that there exist 16 PAHs in surface soil samples, of which phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, benzo[a] anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b] fluoranthene and benzo[a] pyrene have high contents with the highest ones respectively up to 9342 ng/g, 2904 ng/g, 7469 ng/g, 2150 ng/g, 2299 ng/g, 909 ng/g, 1183 ng/g. The high-ring(4-,5-and 6-ring) PAHs account for more than 70% of total PAHs. Contents of ∑PAHs vary from 35.6 ng/g to 28 771 ng/g, averaging 2496.3 ng/g, showing the surface soil being polluted in different extent.
Concentrations and composition of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) listed for prior control by US EPA are detected to analyze 31 surface soil samples from a chemical industrial area with a gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The characteristics and contamination sources of PAHs are discussed. The results show that there exist 16 PAHs in surface soil samples, of which phenanthrene, fluorene, pyrene, benzo[a] anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b] fluoranthene and benzo[a] pyrene have high contents with the highest ones respectively up to 9342 ng/g, 2904 ng/g, 7469 ng/g, 2150 ng/g, 2299 ng/g, 909 ng/g, 1183 ng/g. The high-ring(4-,5-and 6-ring) PAHs account for more than 70% of total PAHs. Contents of ∑PAHs vary from 35.6 ng/g to 28 771 ng/g, averaging 2496.3 ng/g, showing the surface soil being polluted in different extent.
引文
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Maliszewska-kordybach B,1996.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in Poland:Preliminary proposals for criteria to evaluate the level of soil contamination[J].Applied Geochemistry,11(1-2):121-127.
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Wilcke W,Amelung w,Martius C,et al,2000.Biological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Amazonian rain forest[J].Journal of plant Nutrition and Soil Science,163(1):27-30.
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Zhou J B,Wang T G,Huang Y B,et al,2005.Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and suburban sites of Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,61(6):792-799.
Zuo Q,Duan Y H,Yang Y,et al,2007.Source appor tionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Pollution,147(2):303-310.
史兵方,唐婧,兰翠玲,等,2010.土壤中多环芳烃的垂直分布特征及来源研究--以四川省南充市区为例[J].安全与环境学报,10(4):73-77.
汤莉莉,唐翔宇,朱永官,等,2004.北京地区土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,5(2):95-99.
杨国义,张天彬,高淑涛,等,2007.珠江三角洲典型区域农业土壤中多环芳烃的含量分布特征及其污染来源[J].环境科学,28(10):2350-2354.
章海波,骆永明,黄铭洪,等,2005.香港土壤研究Ⅲ.土壤中多环芳烃的含量及其来源初探[J].土壤学报,42(6):936-941.
左谦,刘文新,陶澍,等,2007.环渤海西部地区表层土壤中的多环芳烃[J].环境科学学报,27(4):667-671.
张枝焕,卢另,贺光秀,等,2011.北京地区表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征及污染源分析[J].生态环境学报,20(4):668-675.
Behymer T D,Hites R A,1988.Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on fly ash[J].Environmental Science&Technology,22(11):1311-1319.
Fernandes M B,Sicre M A,Boireau A,et al,1997.Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon(PAH)distributions in the Seine River and its Estuary[J].Marine Pollution Bulletion,34(11):857-867.
Maliszewska-kordybach B,1996.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural soils in Poland:Preliminary proposals for criteria to evaluate the level of soil contamination[J].Applied Geochemistry,11(1-2):121-127.
Ma L L,Chu S G,Wang X T,et al,2005.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface soils from outskirts of Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,58(10):1355-1363.
Wilcke W,Amelung w,Martius C,et al,2000.Biological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Amazonian rain forest[J].Journal of plant Nutrition and Soil Science,163(1):27-30.
Yunker M B,Macdonald R W,Vingarzan R,et al,2002.PAHs in the Fraser River basin:a critical appraisal of PAH ratios as indicatiors of PAHsource and composition[J].Organic Geochemistry,33(4):489-515.
Zhou J B,Wang T G,Huang Y B,et al,2005.Size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and suburban sites of Beijing,China[J].Chemosphere,61(6):792-799.
Zuo Q,Duan Y H,Yang Y,et al,2007.Source appor tionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soil in Tianjin,China[J].Environmental Pollution,147(2):303-310.