河北曹妃甸某农场农田土壤重金属空间分布特征及来源分析
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摘要
对唐山市曹妃甸某农场农用地土壤开展详细调查,采集了研究区内325个表层土壤样品,分析了土壤中8种重金属元素的含量,评估了重金属的结构和空间分布特征,并揭示了重金属的主要来源,为该区域土壤重金属污染防控、治理提供重要信息.该研究区土壤中各元素普遍低于河北省土壤背景值,而Cd元素含量较高,超过土壤背景值和风险筛选值.通过8种重金属元素的地质学统计、元素间相关性分析、PMF模型分析和污染源调查,结果表明Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和As元素在研究区内呈正态分布,受人类影响较小,主要来自成土母质.Cd元素呈偏态分布,土壤含量表现为北低南高的空间特征,主要由农业活动采用污水灌溉所导致.Pb元素存在部分区域含量较高现象,主要来自于大气沉降,而Hg元素则主要与农业产品投入使用相关.
The present study investigated the concentrations of eight heavy metals in 325 farmland top soil samples taken from a farm at Caofeidian in Hebei province. Results indicated that there was an enrichment of Cd, with concentrations higher than the local background value and above the risk screening value defined by the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils; while the concentrations of the other metals were lower than the background values. According to geostatistics study, correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization(PMF) modeling and pollution source investigation, it was revealed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As were normally distributed in the study area and human behavior had very minimal impact on them, mainly originated from soil parent materials. However, Cd showed a skewed distribution, with high concentrations in the south of the studied area, which was mainly caused by sewage irrigation used in agricultural activities. Some Pb hotspots were present, resulted from atmospheric deposition. The major source of Hg was from agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and livestock.
The present study investigated the concentrations of eight heavy metals in 325 farmland top soil samples taken from a farm at Caofeidian in Hebei province. Results indicated that there was an enrichment of Cd, with concentrations higher than the local background value and above the risk screening value defined by the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils; while the concentrations of the other metals were lower than the background values. According to geostatistics study, correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization(PMF) modeling and pollution source investigation, it was revealed that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and As were normally distributed in the study area and human behavior had very minimal impact on them, mainly originated from soil parent materials. However, Cd showed a skewed distribution, with high concentrations in the south of the studied area, which was mainly caused by sewage irrigation used in agricultural activities. Some Pb hotspots were present, resulted from atmospheric deposition. The major source of Hg was from agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and livestock.
引文
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Wang Q,Xie Z,Li F.2015.Using ensemble models to identify and apportion heavy metal pollution sources in agricultural soils on a local scale[J].Environmental Pollution,206:227-235
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王亚南.2011.滦河下游水污染现状和防治措施[R].科技论坛.46
Yang Q,Li Z,Lu X,et al.2018.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from industrial and agricultural regions in China:Pollution and risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,642:690-700
张小敏,张秀英,钟太洋,等.2014.中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究[J].环境科学,35(2):692-703
中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.329-381
Zhu C,Tian H,Hao Y,et al.2018.A high-resolution emission inventory of anthropogenic trace elements in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China[J].Atmospheric Environment,191:452-462
Cai L,Wang Q,Luo J,et al.2019.Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment for children near a large Cu-smelter in central China[J].Science of the Total Environment,650:725-733
Cai L,Xu Z,Ren M,et al.2012.Source identification of eight hazardous heavy metals in agricultural soils of Huizhou,Guangdong Province China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,78:2-8
Callén M S,Iturmendi A,López J M.2014.Source apportionment of atmospheric PM2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a PMF receptor model[J].Assessment of potential risk for human health Environmental pollution,195:167-177
陈晶中,陈杰,谢学俭,等.2003.土壤污染及其环境效应[J].土壤,35(4):298-303
Comero S,Vaccaro S,Locoro G,et al.2014.Characterization of the Danube River sediments using the PMF multivariate approach[J].Chemosphere,95:329-335
崔邢涛,刘伟.2017.唐山城市近地表灰尘重金属含量及环境质量评价[J].现代地质,31(1):184-190
Gabarrón M,Faz A,Acosta J.2018.Use of multivariable and redundancy analysis to assess the behavior of metals and arsenic in urban soil and road dust affected by metallic mining as a base for risk assessment[J].Journal of environmental management,206:192-201
Guan Q,Wang F,Xu C,et al.2018.Source apportionment of heavy metals in agricultural soil based on PMF:A case study in Hexi Corridor,northwest China[J].Chemosphere,193:189-197
Guo G,Wu F,Xie F,et al.2012.Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban soils from southwest China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,24:410-418
郝红,高博,王健康,等.2012.滦河流域沉积物中重金属分布特征及风险评价[J].岩矿测试,31(6):1000-1005
Hu W,Wang H,Dong L,et al.2018.Source identification of heavy metals in peri-urban agricultural soils of southeast China:An integrated approach[J].Environmental Pollution,237:650-661
Jansen E,Michels M,Van T M,et al.1994.Effects of heavy metals in soil on microbial diversity and activity as shown by the sensitivity-resistance index,an ecologically relevant parameter[J].Biology and Fertility of soils,17:177-184
Jiang H,Ying L,Kitano M,et al.2012.Source apportionment of heavy metals in the sediments of hongfeng lake China[J].Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture,Kyushu University,57:195-199
Ke X,Gui S,Huang H,et al.2017.Ecological risk assessment and source identification for heavy metals in surface sediment from the Liaohe River protected area,China[J].Chemosphere,175:473-481
Khan S,Cao Q,Zheng Y,et al.2008.Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing,China[J].Environmental Pollution,152:686-692
Lewis J.1985.Lead poisoning:a historical perspective[J].Epa J,11:15
Li Q,Cheng H,Zhou T,et al.2012.The estimated atmospheric lead emissions in China,1990–2009[J].Atmospheric Environment,60:1-8
李苹,黄勇,林赟,等.2018.北京市怀柔区土壤重金属的分布特征,来源分析及风险评价[J].现代地质,32(1):86-94
Liang J,Feng C,Zeng G,et al.2017.Spatial distribution and source identification of heavy metals in surface soils in a typical coal mine city,Lianyuan,China[J].Environmental Pollution,225:681-690
Ljung K,Otabbong E,Selinus O.2006.Natural and anthropogenic metal inputs to soils in urban Uppsala,Sweden[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,28:353-364
Lü J,Jiao W,Qiu H,et al.2018.Origin and spatial distribution of heavy metals and carcinogenic risk assessment in mining areas at You′xi County southeast China[J].Geoderma,310:99-106
Meng W,Wang Z,Hu B,et al.2016.Heavy metals in soil and plants after long-term sewage irrigation at Tianjin China:A case study assessment[J].Agricultural Water Management,171:153-161
Paatero P,Tapper U.1994.Positive matrix factorization:a non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values[J].Environmetrics,5:111-126
Rodenburg L A,Du S,Xiao B,et al.2011.Source apportionment of polychlorinated biphenyls in the New York/New Jersey Harbor[J].Chemosphere,83:792-798
Shi T,Ma J,Wu X,et al.2018.Inventories of heavy metal inputs and outputs to and from agricultural soils:A review[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,164:118-124
宋泽峰,栾文楼,崔邢涛,等.2010.冀东平原土壤重金属元素的来源分析[J].中国地质,37(2):508-514
Sun C,Liu J,Wang Y,et al.2013.Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in agricultural soil in Dehui,Northeast China[J].Chemosphere,92:517-523
Tan J,Duan J,Ma Y,et al.2016.Long-term trends of chemical characteristics and sources of fine particle in Foshan City,Pearl River Delta:2008–2014[J].Science Total Environment,565:519-528
Teng Y,Wu J,Lu S,et al.2014.Soil and soil environmental quality monitoring in China:a review[J].Environment international,69:177-199
Wang Q,Xie Z,Li F.2015.Using ensemble models to identify and apportion heavy metal pollution sources in agricultural soils on a local scale[J].Environmental Pollution,206:227-235
Wang S,Cai L,Wen H,et al.2019.Spatial distribution and source apportionment of heavy metals in soil from a typical county-level city of Guangdong Province,China[J].Science of the Total Environment,655:92-101
王亚南.2011.滦河下游水污染现状和防治措施[R].科技论坛.46
Yang Q,Li Z,Lu X,et al.2018.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from industrial and agricultural regions in China:Pollution and risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,642:690-700
张小敏,张秀英,钟太洋,等.2014.中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究[J].环境科学,35(2):692-703
中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社.329-381
Zhu C,Tian H,Hao Y,et al.2018.A high-resolution emission inventory of anthropogenic trace elements in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China[J].Atmospheric Environment,191:452-462