新建铅蓄电池集聚区对周边土壤环境的影响:基于重金属空间特征
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摘要
为探明浙北某乡镇经提升改造后一新建铅蓄电池集聚区运行7a后是否对周边土壤环境存在影响,采集该铅蓄电池集聚区周边表层土壤(0～20 cm) 76份,测定了土壤中汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)这8种重金属含量,并基于集聚区内、距集聚区边界50、450和850 m的空间距离,采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对土壤环境质量进行了评价,然后利用地统计方法分析了重金属空间分布特征,并结合相关性分析确定了对土壤环境造成影响的重金属的来源.结果表明,与当地平均背景值相比,8种重金属元素中Hg、Zn和Pb在所有空间尺度下的平均含量均高于其对应背景值,对Cd而言,除集聚区内,其余空间尺度下的Cd平均含量均大于其背景值,As只有距边界50m处的平均含量大于其背景值,而其他元素在所有空间距离下的平均含量均低于其对应背景值,其中Hg和Cd存在高度空间变异,而其他元素含量空间变异不明显,说明区域活动的影响主要集中在Hg和Cd上,且两者的含量随集聚区距离外延而增加.出现超出农用地土壤污染风险筛选值点位的元素主要为Hg和Cd,其主要分布在集聚区外450 m和850 m处,其中Hg在对应距离下超出风险筛选值的点位占33. 33%和38. 89%,Cd分别占27. 78%和55. 56%,且两者的空间分布特征与其含量一致,而其他元素中仅有Zn和Pb存在零星点位超出风险筛选值,且总体上无明显空间特征.由8种重金属元素对土壤的综合污染风险分析可知,Cd是造成土壤综合污染风险的主要来源,由于其贡献使850 m处土壤处于警戒状态(贡献率为36. 73%).土壤的生态风险主要出现在集聚区外450 m和850 m处,处于中等生态风险水平,其中生态风险主要来自Hg和Cd,Hg在对应距离下的贡献率分别为46. 30%和39. 37%,Cd分别为38. 98%和49. 30%,说明区域活动使Hg和Cd成为影响研究区土壤质量的主要元素.经地统计和多元统计分析表明,Hg和Cd含量呈现出在当地主风向(东北-西南)轴上由集聚区外围向内扩散的特征,且两者的主要来源为集聚区外围企业的燃煤活动.因此,新建的铅蓄电池集聚区运行7a后并未对集聚区及周边土壤重金属的集聚造成明显影响.
To determine whether the newly built lead-acid battery agglomeration area in a town in northern Zhejiang had an impact on the surrounding soil environment after seven years of operation,76 samples of surface soil around the lead-acid battery concentration area were collected,and the contents of Hg,As,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni,and Cr in the soil were determined. Based on the spatial distance of the agglomeration area and 50,450,and 850 m from the agglomeration area boundary,the soil environmental quality was evaluated using the single factor index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,and potential ecological risk index methods. The spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metals were analyzed using the geostatistical method,and the sources of heavy metals affecting the soil environment were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that the average contents of Hg,Zn,and Pb in eight heavy metals were higher than their corresponding background values at all spatial scales. The average Cd content in spatial scales other than the agglomeration area was larger than its background value. Only As at 50 m was greater than its background value,whereas the average content of other elements at all spatial distances was lower than their corresponding background values. The spatial variability was high for Hg and Cd but not obvious for other elements. This implies that the influence of regional activities was concentrated mainly on Hg and Cd; the content of both increased with distance from the agglomeration area. Hg and Cd exceeded the risk screening values and were distributed mainly at 450 m and 850 m; 33. 33% and 38. 89% Hg points and 27. 78% and 55. 56% Cd points were observed at these distances,respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of Hg and Cd were consistent with their contents; only Zn and Pb had scattered points that exceeded the risk screening values and generally no obvious spatial distribution characteristics. According to the risk analysis of soil comprehensive pollution caused by the eight heavy metals,Cd was the main source of soil comprehensive pollution risk at a contribution rate of 36. 73%,which caused the soil at 850 m to be in a state of alert. Soil ecological risk at a medium level occurred mainly at 450 m and 850 m outside the agglomeration area from Hg and Cd. The contribution rates to the soil quality at these distances were 46. 30% and 39. 37% for Hg and 38. 98% and 49. 30% for Cd,respectively. This indicates that regional activities caused Hg and Cd to be the main elements affecting soil quality in the study area. The results of geostatistics and multivariate statistical analysis showed that Hg and Cd were diffused inward from the periphery of the agglomeration area on the axis of the local main wind direction( northeast-southwest),and the main sources of both were coal-burning activities of enterprises in the periphery of the agglomeration area. In summary,the newly build lead-acid battery agglomeration area has not significantly affected the accumulation of heavy metals in the agglomeration area and in the surrounding soil after seven years of operation.
To determine whether the newly built lead-acid battery agglomeration area in a town in northern Zhejiang had an impact on the surrounding soil environment after seven years of operation,76 samples of surface soil around the lead-acid battery concentration area were collected,and the contents of Hg,As,Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,Ni,and Cr in the soil were determined. Based on the spatial distance of the agglomeration area and 50,450,and 850 m from the agglomeration area boundary,the soil environmental quality was evaluated using the single factor index,Nemerow comprehensive pollution index,and potential ecological risk index methods. The spatial distribution characteristics of the heavy metals were analyzed using the geostatistical method,and the sources of heavy metals affecting the soil environment were determined by correlation analysis. The results showed that the average contents of Hg,Zn,and Pb in eight heavy metals were higher than their corresponding background values at all spatial scales. The average Cd content in spatial scales other than the agglomeration area was larger than its background value. Only As at 50 m was greater than its background value,whereas the average content of other elements at all spatial distances was lower than their corresponding background values. The spatial variability was high for Hg and Cd but not obvious for other elements. This implies that the influence of regional activities was concentrated mainly on Hg and Cd; the content of both increased with distance from the agglomeration area. Hg and Cd exceeded the risk screening values and were distributed mainly at 450 m and 850 m; 33. 33% and 38. 89% Hg points and 27. 78% and 55. 56% Cd points were observed at these distances,respectively. The spatial distribution characteristics of Hg and Cd were consistent with their contents; only Zn and Pb had scattered points that exceeded the risk screening values and generally no obvious spatial distribution characteristics. According to the risk analysis of soil comprehensive pollution caused by the eight heavy metals,Cd was the main source of soil comprehensive pollution risk at a contribution rate of 36. 73%,which caused the soil at 850 m to be in a state of alert. Soil ecological risk at a medium level occurred mainly at 450 m and 850 m outside the agglomeration area from Hg and Cd. The contribution rates to the soil quality at these distances were 46. 30% and 39. 37% for Hg and 38. 98% and 49. 30% for Cd,respectively. This indicates that regional activities caused Hg and Cd to be the main elements affecting soil quality in the study area. The results of geostatistics and multivariate statistical analysis showed that Hg and Cd were diffused inward from the periphery of the agglomeration area on the axis of the local main wind direction( northeast-southwest),and the main sources of both were coal-burning activities of enterprises in the periphery of the agglomeration area. In summary,the newly build lead-acid battery agglomeration area has not significantly affected the accumulation of heavy metals in the agglomeration area and in the surrounding soil after seven years of operation.
引文
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[13]杨磊,熊黑刚.新疆准东煤田土壤重金属来源分析及风险评价[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(15):273-281.Yang L,Xiong H G. Soil heavy metal sources analysis and risk evaluation of Zhundong coal mine in Xinjiang[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(15):273-281.
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