牡蛎壳作生物滞留填料对城市地表径流污染物去除效果研究
|
摘要
选择磷吸附性能最强的牡蛎壳作为填料,在实验室构建3个生物滞留模拟装置(A柱:养殖牡蛎壳;B柱:海滩牡蛎壳;C柱:养殖牡蛎壳存在淹没区),采用道路径流模拟配水作为进水,研究牡蛎壳作为填料对青岛市城市径流常见污染物氮磷及COD的处理效果,并对各污染物去除机理进行探讨。结果表明:3种牡蛎壳填料的生物滞留设施对总磷的去除效果最好,在进水磷浓度为0.57～1.83 mg/L条件下,无淹没区装置平均去除率为96.12%,存在淹没区的装置平均去除率为91.02%。养殖牡蛎壳与海滩牡蛎壳对磷的去除效果并无明显差异,淹没区不利于磷的去除。在前期进水过程中(前5次进水)3个模拟装置氨氮(NH_4~+)的出水浓度高于进水浓度,延长落干期后,装置的NH_4~+去除率均上升,B柱NH_4~+平均去除率(58.83%)相对于A柱(48.77%)及C柱(53.06%)更高,有无淹没区对NH_4~+去除并无明显影响。由于填料中有机物的渗沥,首次进水出现严重COD淋出,在随后的进水过程中,COD去除效果迅速上升并稳定,3个模拟柱去除率分别为50.34%,23.47%和47.75%。由于反硝化作用受阻,对硝氮(NO_3~-)的去除效果不佳。整体看来,养殖牡蛎壳可以应用于青岛市生物滞留设施的填料,为加强滞留设施NO_3~-的去除效果,还需要采用强化脱氮措施。
Selecting oyster shells with the best adsorption performance of phosphorus as the fillers, and three bio-retention simulation devices(column A: aquaculture oyster shell; column B: beach oyster shell; column C: aquaculture oyster shell with submergence area) were constructed in the laboratory. The effects of oyster shell as fillers on the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD, which were common pollutants in urban runoff in Qingdao, were studied by using road runoff simulation as inflow, and the removal mechanism of pollutants was discussed. The results showed that the removal efficiency of total phosphorus was the best in three kinds of biological detention devices filled with oyster shell. Under the condition of influent phosphorus concentration of 0.57～1.83 mg/L, the average removal rates of the unsubmerged area and the submerged area were 96.12% and 91.02%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the phosphorus removal efficiency between aquaculture oyster shell and beach oyster shell, and the submergence area was not conducive to phosphorus removal. The effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+) in the three simulation devices was higher than the influent concentration in the first five influents. Whereas, after extending the drying period, the NH_4~+ removal rate of the devices all increased, and the average NH_4~+removal rate of B column(58.83%) was greater than that of A column(48.77%) and C column(53.06%), and the submergence area had no obvious effect on NH_4~+ removal. Due to the leachate of organic matter in the filler, serious COD leaching occurred in the first influent. However, the removal efficiency of COD increased rapidly and stabilized in the subsequent influent process, and the removal rates of three columns were 50.34%, 23.47% and 47.75%, respectively. Because of the inhibition of denitrification, the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~-) was not good. Overall, the oyster shell could be used as filler in Qingdao biological detention facilities. In order to enhance the removal efficiency of NO_3~-in the detention facilities, it was necessary to adopt intensified nitrogen removal measures.
Selecting oyster shells with the best adsorption performance of phosphorus as the fillers, and three bio-retention simulation devices(column A: aquaculture oyster shell; column B: beach oyster shell; column C: aquaculture oyster shell with submergence area) were constructed in the laboratory. The effects of oyster shell as fillers on the removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and COD, which were common pollutants in urban runoff in Qingdao, were studied by using road runoff simulation as inflow, and the removal mechanism of pollutants was discussed. The results showed that the removal efficiency of total phosphorus was the best in three kinds of biological detention devices filled with oyster shell. Under the condition of influent phosphorus concentration of 0.57～1.83 mg/L, the average removal rates of the unsubmerged area and the submerged area were 96.12% and 91.02%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the phosphorus removal efficiency between aquaculture oyster shell and beach oyster shell, and the submergence area was not conducive to phosphorus removal. The effluent concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+) in the three simulation devices was higher than the influent concentration in the first five influents. Whereas, after extending the drying period, the NH_4~+ removal rate of the devices all increased, and the average NH_4~+removal rate of B column(58.83%) was greater than that of A column(48.77%) and C column(53.06%), and the submergence area had no obvious effect on NH_4~+ removal. Due to the leachate of organic matter in the filler, serious COD leaching occurred in the first influent. However, the removal efficiency of COD increased rapidly and stabilized in the subsequent influent process, and the removal rates of three columns were 50.34%, 23.47% and 47.75%, respectively. Because of the inhibition of denitrification, the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~-) was not good. Overall, the oyster shell could be used as filler in Qingdao biological detention facilities. In order to enhance the removal efficiency of NO_3~-in the detention facilities, it was necessary to adopt intensified nitrogen removal measures.
引文
[1] Dietz M E. Low impact development practices: A review of current research and recommendations for future directions[J].Ecological Chemistry and Engineering,2016,22(1/4):351-363.
[2] Liu J, Sample D J, Bell C, et al. Review and research needs of bioretention used for the treatment of urban stormwater[J].Water,2014,6(4):1069-1099.
[3] Chui T F M, Trinh D H. Modelling infiltration enhancement in a tropical urban catchment for improved stormwater management[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(23):4405-4419.
[4] Randall M T, Bradford A. Bioretention gardens for improved nutrient removal[J].Water Quality Research Journal of Canada,2013,48(4):372.
[5] O’neill S W, Davis A P. Water treatment residual as a bioretention amendment for phosphorus. II: Long-termcolumn studies[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,138(3):328-336.
[6] Kato S, Ahren J. The concept of threshold and its potential application to landscape planning[J].Landscape and Ecological Engineering,2011,7(2):275-282.
[7] 仇付国,代一帆,付昆明,等.生物滞留系统设置内部淹没区对径流污染物去除的影响[J].环境工程,2017,35(7):7-12.
[8] 胡爱兵,李子富,张书函,等.模拟生物滞留池净化城市机动车道路雨水径流[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(13):75-79.
[9] 田婧,刘丹.生物炭对去除生物滞留池氨氮及雨水持留的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,52(6):1201-1207.
[10] 李家科,刘增超,黄宁俊,等.低影响开发(LID)生物滞留技术研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):431-439.
[11] Brown R A, Hunt W F. Impacts of media depth on effluent water quality and hydrologic performance of under sized bioretention cells[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2011,137(3):132-143.
[12] 刘芳,侯立柱.土壤渗滤介质系统去除雨水径流污染物[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(12):4294-4298.
[13] 李俊奇,向璐璐,毛坤,等.雨水花园蓄渗处置屋面径流案例分析[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(10):129-133.
[14] 李龙飞,秦小明,周翠平,等.牡蛎壳的综合利用[J].北京农业,2014(27):134-136.
[15] 赵娟,李远文,杨耐德,等.改性牡蛎壳对废水中磷吸附性能的研究[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(3):154-156.
[16] Chen Y, Xu J, Lv Z, et al. Impacts of biochar and oyster shells waste on the immobilization of arsenic in highly contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,217:646-653.
[17] Awad Y M, Lee S S, Kim K H, et al. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in soil aggregate-size classes: Effects of biochar, oyster shells, and polymers[J].Chemosphere,2018,198:40-48.
[18] 栾忠庆.青岛市雨水径流污染模拟及污染物总量计算[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[19] 吴庆华,朱国胜,崔皓东,等.降雨强度对优先流特征的影响及其数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):118-127.
[20] 王禄,喻志平,赵智杰.人工快速渗滤系统氨氮去除机理[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(4):500-504.
[21] Payne E G, Fletcher T D, Russell D G, et al. Temporary storage or permanent removal? The division of nitrogen between biotic assimilation and denitrification in stormwater biofiltration systems[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):e90890.
[22] 马娟,宋相蕊,李璐.碳源对反硝化过程NO2-积累及出水pH值的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2556-2561.
[23] Palmer E T, Poor C J, Hinman C, et al. Nitrate and phosphate removal through enhanced bioretention media: Mesocosm study[J].Water Environment Research A Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation,2013,85(9):823.
[24] Lefever G H, Paus K H, Natarajan P, et al. Review of dissolved pollutants in urban storm water and their removal and fate in bioretention cells[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,141(1):401-405.
[2] Liu J, Sample D J, Bell C, et al. Review and research needs of bioretention used for the treatment of urban stormwater[J].Water,2014,6(4):1069-1099.
[3] Chui T F M, Trinh D H. Modelling infiltration enhancement in a tropical urban catchment for improved stormwater management[J].Hydrological Processes,2016,30(23):4405-4419.
[4] Randall M T, Bradford A. Bioretention gardens for improved nutrient removal[J].Water Quality Research Journal of Canada,2013,48(4):372.
[5] O’neill S W, Davis A P. Water treatment residual as a bioretention amendment for phosphorus. II: Long-termcolumn studies[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,138(3):328-336.
[6] Kato S, Ahren J. The concept of threshold and its potential application to landscape planning[J].Landscape and Ecological Engineering,2011,7(2):275-282.
[7] 仇付国,代一帆,付昆明,等.生物滞留系统设置内部淹没区对径流污染物去除的影响[J].环境工程,2017,35(7):7-12.
[8] 胡爱兵,李子富,张书函,等.模拟生物滞留池净化城市机动车道路雨水径流[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(13):75-79.
[9] 田婧,刘丹.生物炭对去除生物滞留池氨氮及雨水持留的影响[J].西南交通大学学报,2017,52(6):1201-1207.
[10] 李家科,刘增超,黄宁俊,等.低影响开发(LID)生物滞留技术研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):431-439.
[11] Brown R A, Hunt W F. Impacts of media depth on effluent water quality and hydrologic performance of under sized bioretention cells[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2011,137(3):132-143.
[12] 刘芳,侯立柱.土壤渗滤介质系统去除雨水径流污染物[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(12):4294-4298.
[13] 李俊奇,向璐璐,毛坤,等.雨水花园蓄渗处置屋面径流案例分析[J].中国给水排水,2010,26(10):129-133.
[14] 李龙飞,秦小明,周翠平,等.牡蛎壳的综合利用[J].北京农业,2014(27):134-136.
[15] 赵娟,李远文,杨耐德,等.改性牡蛎壳对废水中磷吸附性能的研究[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(3):154-156.
[16] Chen Y, Xu J, Lv Z, et al. Impacts of biochar and oyster shells waste on the immobilization of arsenic in highly contaminated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2018,217:646-653.
[17] Awad Y M, Lee S S, Kim K H, et al. Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in soil aggregate-size classes: Effects of biochar, oyster shells, and polymers[J].Chemosphere,2018,198:40-48.
[18] 栾忠庆.青岛市雨水径流污染模拟及污染物总量计算[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2007.
[19] 吴庆华,朱国胜,崔皓东,等.降雨强度对优先流特征的影响及其数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(20):118-127.
[20] 王禄,喻志平,赵智杰.人工快速渗滤系统氨氮去除机理[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(4):500-504.
[21] Payne E G, Fletcher T D, Russell D G, et al. Temporary storage or permanent removal? The division of nitrogen between biotic assimilation and denitrification in stormwater biofiltration systems[J].PLoS One,2014,9(3):e90890.
[22] 马娟,宋相蕊,李璐.碳源对反硝化过程NO2-积累及出水pH值的影响[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(10):2556-2561.
[23] Palmer E T, Poor C J, Hinman C, et al. Nitrate and phosphate removal through enhanced bioretention media: Mesocosm study[J].Water Environment Research A Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation,2013,85(9):823.
[24] Lefever G H, Paus K H, Natarajan P, et al. Review of dissolved pollutants in urban storm water and their removal and fate in bioretention cells[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,141(1):401-405.