长江经济带城市雾霾污染时空演化及治理策略研究
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摘要
雾霾污染对于国家经济社会发展和居民生产生活都产生了诸多不利影响。以长江经济带为研究区域,基于2006—2015年长江经济带城市PM_(2.5)浓度数据,采用变异系数和探索性空间数据分析方法中的全局Moran′s I和局部Moran′s I指数对长江经济带雾霾污染时空演化进行了研究。结果发现:长江经济带城市雾霾污染呈现较为显著的空间相关性特征,全局相关性总体趋势不断增强,区域内部不平衡性也在变大,局部空间相关性中"高—高"集聚分布在长江中下游地区,主要为苏皖鄂地区,而"低—低"集聚较为稳定分布在长江上游地区,因而长江经济带雾霾污染治理必须坚持联防联控的策略,具体包括完善长江经济带联合监测预警应急机制、联动各区域主体跨区域治霾和联合治霾保障补偿机制等措施,以期为长江经济带雾霾治理提供对策建议。
Haze pollution has produced many adverse effects on national economic, social development, and residents′ production and life. In this article, the spatial and temporal evolution of haze pollution in the Yangtze river economic belt is studied based on the concentration of Pm2.5 data of cities in the Yangtze river economic belt from 2006 to 2015 and the global Moran′s I and local Moran′s I indexes in the coefficient of variation and exploratory spatial data analysis method. Results show that Yangtze river economic belt city haze pollution has more significant spatial correlation characteristics; the overall correlation trend keeps increasing; imbalance in the regions is also becoming large; local spatial correlation "high-high" concentration distributes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river area, mainly in areas of Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei; the distribution of "low-low" lies in stably the upper Yangtze river region. Therefore, the governance of haze pollution in the Yangtze river economic belt must adhere to the strategy of joint prevention and control, including improving the joint monitoring, early warning and emergency response mechanism of the Yangtze river economic belt, linking the main bodies in different regions to deal with haze and joint protection and compensation mechanism of haze, etc. so as to provide countermeasures and suggestions for haze governance in the Yangtze river economic belt.
Haze pollution has produced many adverse effects on national economic, social development, and residents′ production and life. In this article, the spatial and temporal evolution of haze pollution in the Yangtze river economic belt is studied based on the concentration of Pm2.5 data of cities in the Yangtze river economic belt from 2006 to 2015 and the global Moran′s I and local Moran′s I indexes in the coefficient of variation and exploratory spatial data analysis method. Results show that Yangtze river economic belt city haze pollution has more significant spatial correlation characteristics; the overall correlation trend keeps increasing; imbalance in the regions is also becoming large; local spatial correlation "high-high" concentration distributes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river area, mainly in areas of Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei; the distribution of "low-low" lies in stably the upper Yangtze river region. Therefore, the governance of haze pollution in the Yangtze river economic belt must adhere to the strategy of joint prevention and control, including improving the joint monitoring, early warning and emergency response mechanism of the Yangtze river economic belt, linking the main bodies in different regions to deal with haze and joint protection and compensation mechanism of haze, etc. so as to provide countermeasures and suggestions for haze governance in the Yangtze river economic belt.
引文
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[16] 王岚,王亚平,许春雪,等.长江水系表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险性评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2599-2606.
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[23] 李伟.雾霾天气协同治理的策略研究[D].南昌:江西财经大学,2016
[24] 王红茹.长江经济带污染治理难题何解?专家:破除地方保护,上中下游产业需合理布局[J].中国经济周刊,2018(38):65-67.
[25] 彭应登.北京近期雾霾污染的成因及控制对策分析[J].工程研究.2013,5(3):233-239.
[26] 汪伟全.空气污染跨域治理中的利益协调研究[J].南京社会科学,2016(4):79-84,112.
[2] 汪克亮,孟祥瑞,杨宝臣,等.基于环境压力的长江经济带工业生态效率研究[J].资源科学,2015,37(7):1491-1501.
[3] 张少红,于少华.PM2.5的来源、危害及防治措施研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(7):92-94.
[4] Anselin L.Spatial Effects in Econometric Practice in Environmental and Resource Economics[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,2001,83(3):705-710.
[5] Poon J P H,Casas I,He C.The Impact of Energy,Transport,and Trade on Air Pollution in China[J].Eurasian Geography & Economics,2006,47(5):568-584.
[6] Eitan O,Barchana M,Dubnov J,et al.Spatial analysis of air pollution and cancer incidence rates in Haifa Bay,Israel.[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(20):4429-4439.
[7] Hosseini H M,Kaneko S.Can environmental quality spread through institutions?[J].Energy Policy,2013,56(2):312-321.
[8] Cheng Z,Luo L,Wang S,et al.Status and characteristics of ambient PM 2.5 pollution in global megacities[J].Environment International,2016,89-90:212-221.
[9] 李珊珊,程念亮,徐峻,等.2014年京津冀地区PM2.5浓度时空分布及来源模拟[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(10):2908-2916.
[10] 严雅雪,齐绍洲.外商直接投资对中国城市雾霾(PM2.5)污染的时空效应检验[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(4):68-77.
[11] 穆璐璐,张玉,熊国保.雾霾认知对游客旅游目的地选择偏好的影响[J].东华理工大学学报(社会科学版),2018,37( 1):30-35.
[12] 柏玲,姜磊,刘耀彬.长江中游城市群环境压力的时空特征——以工业SO2排放为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(3):174-181.
[13] 马丽梅,张晓.中国雾霾污染的空间效应及经济、能源结构影响[J].中国工业经济,2014(4):19-31.
[14] 邵帅,李欣,曹建华,等.中国雾霾污染治理的经济政策选择——基于空间溢出效应的视角[J].经济研究,2016(9):73-88.
[15] 陈诗一,陈登科.雾霾污染、政府治理与经济高质量发展[J].经济研究,2018(2):20-34.
[16] 王岚,王亚平,许春雪,等.长江水系表层沉积物重金属污染特征及生态风险性评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(8):2599-2606.
[17] 周磊,武建军,贾瑞静,等.京津冀PM2.5时空分布特征及其污染风险因素[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(4):483-493.
[18] 2014年中国城市PM2.5浓度的时空变化规律[J].地理学报,2015,70(11):1720-1734.
[19] 沈体雁,冯等田,孙铁山.空间计量经济学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2011:41-42.
[20] 邓宏兵.区域经济学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:230-231.
[21] Van D A,Martin R V,Brauer M,et al.Use of satellite observations for long-term exposure assessment of global concentrations of fine particulate matter[J].Environmental Health Perspectives,2015,123(2):135.
[22] 刘华.我国雾霾防治对策研究——基于跨域治理的视角[D].合肥:安徽大学,2017.
[23] 李伟.雾霾天气协同治理的策略研究[D].南昌:江西财经大学,2016
[24] 王红茹.长江经济带污染治理难题何解?专家:破除地方保护,上中下游产业需合理布局[J].中国经济周刊,2018(38):65-67.
[25] 彭应登.北京近期雾霾污染的成因及控制对策分析[J].工程研究.2013,5(3):233-239.
[26] 汪伟全.空气污染跨域治理中的利益协调研究[J].南京社会科学,2016(4):79-84,112.
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