成都市非道路施工机械排放清单研究
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摘要
随着大气污染控制形势的日益严峻,非道路移动源排放日益受到关注.本研究通过软件调研获得了成都市非道路施工机械保有量、功率分布,通过现场及文献调研获得了非道路施工机械活动水平数据.参照《非道路移动污染源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》中的方法,计算了成都市2018年非道路施工机械排放清单.结果表明,2018年成都市非道路施工机械PM、HC、NO_x和CO的排放量分别为845、2898、16738、11231 t.按机械类型划分,挖掘机4项污染物排放占比最高,PM、HC、NO_x和CO分别占59%、61%、59%和62%;按排放阶段划分,国2机械4项污染物排放占比最高,PM、HC、NO_x和CO分别占55%、66%、68%和65%.排放清单结果的不确定性受到多种因素的影响,其中影响最大的为排放因子.
With the increasingly challenging situation of air pollution control, more attention has been paid on non-road mobile emission sources. In this study, the quantity and power distribution of non-road construction machinery in Chengdu were obtained via online investigation, and the activity level data were obtained through field and literature investigation. According to Technical Guidelines for Compiling Emission Inventory of Non-road Mobile Pollution Sources(on trial), the emission inventory of non-road construction machinery in Chengdu in 2018 was calculated. The results show that the emissions of particulate matter(PM), hydrocarbons(HC), NO_x and CO from non-road construction machinery in Chengdu in 2018 were 845, 2898, 16738 and 11231 tons, respectively. Among all types of machinery, excavator is the major contributor, accounting for 59% of PM, 61% of HC, 59% of NO_x and 62% CO, respectively. Among all emission stages of machinery, the machinery at national standard Level 2 contributes most, which is responsible for 55% of PM, 66% of HC, 68% of NO_x and 65% of CO, respectively. The uncertainty of emission inventory result is affected by multiple factors, where the emission factor influences most.
With the increasingly challenging situation of air pollution control, more attention has been paid on non-road mobile emission sources. In this study, the quantity and power distribution of non-road construction machinery in Chengdu were obtained via online investigation, and the activity level data were obtained through field and literature investigation. According to Technical Guidelines for Compiling Emission Inventory of Non-road Mobile Pollution Sources(on trial), the emission inventory of non-road construction machinery in Chengdu in 2018 was calculated. The results show that the emissions of particulate matter(PM), hydrocarbons(HC), NO_x and CO from non-road construction machinery in Chengdu in 2018 were 845, 2898, 16738 and 11231 tons, respectively. Among all types of machinery, excavator is the major contributor, accounting for 59% of PM, 61% of HC, 59% of NO_x and 62% CO, respectively. Among all emission stages of machinery, the machinery at national standard Level 2 contributes most, which is responsible for 55% of PM, 66% of HC, 68% of NO_x and 65% of CO, respectively. The uncertainty of emission inventory result is affected by multiple factors, where the emission factor influences most.
引文
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马帅,张凯山,王帆,等.2019.现实工况下挖掘机尾气排放特征分析[J].环境科学,40(4):1-13
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任丽红,周志恩,赵雪艳,等.2014.重庆主城区大气PM10及PM2.5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,27(12):1387-1394
生态环境部.2014.关于发布《大气细颗粒物一次源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》等4项技术指南的公告[EB/OL].2014-08-20.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201501/t20150107_293955.htm
Veerle V L,Lieve H.2014.A fuel consumption model for off-road use of mobile machinery in agriculture [J].Energy,77:880-889
Wang F,Li Z,Zhang K S,et al.2016.An overview of non-road equipment emissions in China [J].Atmospheric Environment,132:283-289
Wang J,Zhou M,Liu B S,et al.2016.Characterization and source apportionment of size-segregated atmospheric particulate matter collected at ground level and from the urban canopy in Tianjin [J].Environmental Pollution,219:982-992
Wu Y,Zhang S J,Hao J M,et al.2017.On-road vehicle emissions and their control in China:A review and outlook [J].Science of The Total Environment,574:332-349
谢轶嵩,郑新梅.2016.南京市非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].污染防治技术,29(4):47-51
Yang H N,Chen J,Wen J J,et al.2016.Composition and sources of PM2.5,around the heating periods of 2013 and 2014 in Beijing:Implications for efficient mitigation measures [J].Atmospheric Environment,124:378-386
杨妍妍,李金香,梁云平,等.2015.应用受体模型(CMB)对北京市大气PM2.5来源的解析研究[J].环境科学学报,35(9):2693-2700
叶子铭,李肇铸,黄继章,等.2018.广州市典型非道路移动机械大气污染物排放清单研究[J].环境科学与管理,43(11):63-66
元洁,刘保双,程渊,等.2018.2017年1月天津市区PM2.5化学组分特征及高时间分辨率来源解析研究[J].环境科学学报,38(3):1090-1101
张礼俊,郑君瑜,尹沙沙,等.2010.珠江三角洲非道路移动源排放清单开发[J].环境科学,31(4):886-891
张意,Andre Michel,李东,等.2017.天津市非道路移动源污染物排放清单开发[J].环境科学,38(11):4447-4453
《中国机动车环境管理年报2018》.2018.[EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/sthjbgw/qt/201806/t20180601_442293.htm
Zhong Z M,Zheng J Y,Zhu M N,et al.2018.Recent developments of anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventories in Guangdong province,China [J].Science of the Total Environment,627:1080-1092
陈洁,张静.2016.南京市典型施工工地非道路移动机械活动水平及排放清单研究[J].环境科技,29(6):22-25
《成都市非道路移动机械排放监督管理规定》.2018.[EB/OL].2018-05-25,http://www.cdepb.gov.cn/cdepbws/Web/Template/GovDefaultInfo.aspx?cid=756&aid=8853B536056B4F2885897 EDE39801A58
杜小申,燕丽,贺晋瑜,等.2018.安阳市典型工业源PM2.5排放特征及减排潜力估算[J].环境科学,39(5):2043-2051
樊守彬,聂磊,阚睿斌,等.2011.基于燃油消耗的北京农用机械排放清单建立[J].安全与环境学报,11(1):145-148
Fu M L,Ge Y S,Tan J W,et al.2012.Characteristics of typical non-road machinery emissions in China by using portable emission measurement system [J].Science of The Total Environment,437:255-261
贺晋瑜,燕丽,雷宇,等.2017.京津冀地区燃煤锅炉PM2.5减排潜力分析[J].中国环境科学,37(4):1247-1253
黄晓锋,云慧,宫照恒,等.2014.深圳大气PM2.5来源解析与二次有机气溶胶估算[J].中国科学:地球科学,44(4):723-734
贾旭,封学军,蒋柳鹏.2014.港口作业机械大气污染物排放研究[J].华东交通大学学报,31(3):12-17
Lang J L,Tian J J,Zhou Y,et al.2018.A high temporal-spatial resolution air pollutant emission inventory for agricultural machinery in China [J].Journal of Cleaner Production,183:1110-1121
李东玲,吴烨,周昱,等.2012.我国典型工程机械燃油消耗量及排放清单研究[J].环境科学,33(2):518-524
Li Z,Zhang K,Pang K,et al.2016.A fuel-based approach for emission factor development for highway paving construction equipment in China [J].Journal of The Air&Waste Management Association,66(12):214- 1223
刘慧琳,陈志明,毛敬英,等.2017.利用SPAMS研究南宁市四季细颗粒物的化学成分及污染来源[J].环境科学,38(3):894-902
鲁君,黄成,胡磬遥,等.2017.长三角地区典型城市非道路移动机械大气污染物排放清单[J].环境科学,38(7):2738-2746
陆锡明,邵丹.2017.北京、上海、杭州机动车对PM2.5的贡献度差异[J].城市交通,(2):93-95
马帅.2018.2011—2015年成都市非道路移动源排放清单[J].四川环境,37(3):33-37
马帅,张凯山,王帆,等.2019.现实工况下挖掘机尾气排放特征分析[J].环境科学,40(4):1-13
Magnus L.2005.A transient fuel consumption model for non-road mobile machinery [J].Biosystems Engineering,91(2):139-147
任丽红,周志恩,赵雪艳,等.2014.重庆主城区大气PM10及PM2.5来源解析[J].环境科学研究,27(12):1387-1394
生态环境部.2014.关于发布《大气细颗粒物一次源排放清单编制技术指南(试行)》等4项技术指南的公告[EB/OL].2014-08-20.http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bgg/201501/t20150107_293955.htm
Veerle V L,Lieve H.2014.A fuel consumption model for off-road use of mobile machinery in agriculture [J].Energy,77:880-889
Wang F,Li Z,Zhang K S,et al.2016.An overview of non-road equipment emissions in China [J].Atmospheric Environment,132:283-289
Wang J,Zhou M,Liu B S,et al.2016.Characterization and source apportionment of size-segregated atmospheric particulate matter collected at ground level and from the urban canopy in Tianjin [J].Environmental Pollution,219:982-992
Wu Y,Zhang S J,Hao J M,et al.2017.On-road vehicle emissions and their control in China:A review and outlook [J].Science of The Total Environment,574:332-349
谢轶嵩,郑新梅.2016.南京市非道路移动源大气污染物排放清单及特征[J].污染防治技术,29(4):47-51
Yang H N,Chen J,Wen J J,et al.2016.Composition and sources of PM2.5,around the heating periods of 2013 and 2014 in Beijing:Implications for efficient mitigation measures [J].Atmospheric Environment,124:378-386
杨妍妍,李金香,梁云平,等.2015.应用受体模型(CMB)对北京市大气PM2.5来源的解析研究[J].环境科学学报,35(9):2693-2700
叶子铭,李肇铸,黄继章,等.2018.广州市典型非道路移动机械大气污染物排放清单研究[J].环境科学与管理,43(11):63-66
元洁,刘保双,程渊,等.2018.2017年1月天津市区PM2.5化学组分特征及高时间分辨率来源解析研究[J].环境科学学报,38(3):1090-1101
张礼俊,郑君瑜,尹沙沙,等.2010.珠江三角洲非道路移动源排放清单开发[J].环境科学,31(4):886-891
张意,Andre Michel,李东,等.2017.天津市非道路移动源污染物排放清单开发[J].环境科学,38(11):4447-4453
《中国机动车环境管理年报2018》.2018.[EB/OL].http://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/sthjbgw/qt/201806/t20180601_442293.htm
Zhong Z M,Zheng J Y,Zhu M N,et al.2018.Recent developments of anthropogenic air pollutant emission inventories in Guangdong province,China [J].Science of the Total Environment,627:1080-1092