硅肥对水稻-田面水-土壤氮磷含量的影响
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摘要
研究硅肥对双季稻产量及土壤氮磷流失的影响,旨在为典型双季稻区施肥结构优化以及农田面源污染综合防控技术提供技术支撑.采用田间试验研究在相同氮磷肥基础上施0、750、1500、2250和3000 kg·hm~(-2)(T_0、T_1、T_2、T_3、T_4)硅肥对双季稻产量和氮磷吸收、田面水氮磷含量及土壤有效硅、有机质、碱解氮和有效磷含量的影响.结果表明:与不施硅肥处理(T_0)比较,早、晚稻季水稻稻谷分别增产2.2%～30.4%和3.9%～9.2%;早、晚稻籽粒氮素积累量增加2.4%～47.3%、磷素积累量增加2.2%～41.3%,秸秆氮素积累量增加0.4%～28.3%、磷素积累量增加5.1%～31.0%;施硅肥后第1天,施硅处理田面水总氮(TN)浓度较不施硅肥处理平均降低3.4%～28.8%、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)降低10.4%～25.6%、总磷(TP)降低25.5%～29.2%、可溶性总磷(TDP)降低30.8%～38.0%;第45天后施硅各处理田面水总磷和可溶性总磷含量呈现上升趋势,并显著高于T_0处理.施硅肥有利于提高土壤有效硅水平以及有机质和碱解氮含量,以T_1处理效果最好,土壤速效磷含量随硅肥用量增加呈降低趋势.
Examining the effects of silicon fertilizer on the yield of double-cropping rice and the leaching loss of soil nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) could provide a basis for the optimization of formula fertilizer and the comprehensive control technique of agricultural surface source pollution in typical double cropping paddy field. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer of 0, 750, 1500, 2250 and 3000 kg·hm~(-2)(T_0, T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4) on yield and N and P absorption of double-cropping rice, dynamics of N and P in the field surface water, soil available silicon, organic matter, alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus under the fixed nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The results showed that compared with control(T_0), the silicon fertilizer increased the yield of early and late rice by 2.2%-30.4% and 3.9%-9.2%, respectively, enhanced rice N accumulation increased by 2.4%-47.3%, rice P accumulation by 2.2%-41.3%, straw N accumulation by 0.4%-28.3%, and straw P accumulation by 5.1%-31.0%. On the first day after fertilization, the total nitrogen(TN) content in the surface water was decreased by 3.4%-28.8% in silicon treatments compared with T_0, the ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N), total phosphorus(TP) and total soluble phosphorus(TDP) was decreased by 10.4%-25.6%, 25.5%-29.2%, 30.8%-38.0%, respectively. 45 days later, TP and TDP contents in the field surface water were significantly higher than T_0. The silicon fertilizer treatment was beneficial to increase soil silicon level, contents of organic matter and alkali nitrogen of the double cropping rice, among which the T_1 treatment performed the best. Soil available phosphorus showed a decreasing trend with the increasing silicon fertilizer.
Examining the effects of silicon fertilizer on the yield of double-cropping rice and the leaching loss of soil nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) could provide a basis for the optimization of formula fertilizer and the comprehensive control technique of agricultural surface source pollution in typical double cropping paddy field. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of silicon fertilizer of 0, 750, 1500, 2250 and 3000 kg·hm~(-2)(T_0, T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4) on yield and N and P absorption of double-cropping rice, dynamics of N and P in the field surface water, soil available silicon, organic matter, alkali nitrogen and available phosphorus under the fixed nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The results showed that compared with control(T_0), the silicon fertilizer increased the yield of early and late rice by 2.2%-30.4% and 3.9%-9.2%, respectively, enhanced rice N accumulation increased by 2.4%-47.3%, rice P accumulation by 2.2%-41.3%, straw N accumulation by 0.4%-28.3%, and straw P accumulation by 5.1%-31.0%. On the first day after fertilization, the total nitrogen(TN) content in the surface water was decreased by 3.4%-28.8% in silicon treatments compared with T_0, the ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N), total phosphorus(TP) and total soluble phosphorus(TDP) was decreased by 10.4%-25.6%, 25.5%-29.2%, 30.8%-38.0%, respectively. 45 days later, TP and TDP contents in the field surface water were significantly higher than T_0. The silicon fertilizer treatment was beneficial to increase soil silicon level, contents of organic matter and alkali nitrogen of the double cropping rice, among which the T_1 treatment performed the best. Soil available phosphorus showed a decreasing trend with the increasing silicon fertilizer.
引文
[1] Detmann KC, Araújo WL, Martins SC, et al. Silicon nutrition increases grain yield, which, in turn, exerts a feed-forward stimulation of photosynthetic rates via enhanced mesophyll conductance and alters primary metabolism in rice. New Phytologist, 2012, 196: 752-762
[2] Zhang Y-G (张云贵), Liu H-B (刘宏斌), Li Z-H (李志宏), et al. Study of nitrate leaching potential from agricultural land in northern China under long-term fertilization conditions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(6): 711-716 (in Chinese)
[3] Zhao L (赵理), Shi C-Y (史春余), Wang X-J (王新娟), et al. Effects of different types of silicon fertilizer on the growth and development of rice and its yield. Shandong Agricultural Sciences (山东农业科学), 2012, 44(6): 72-76 (in Chinese)
[4] Wang F-J (王飞军), Lin Y-F (林亚芬), Zhuang Y-Q (庄亚其), et al. Effect of silicon fertilizer on growth and yield of rice. Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences (浙江农业科学), 2014, 1(4): 469-471 (in Chinese)
[5] Weng Y (翁颖), Zhang W-L (张维玲), Chen G-H (陈国海), et al. Effect of silicon fertilizer on rice yield and nutrient uptake. Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences (浙江农业科学), 2017, 58(8): 1312-1314 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhong X-L (钟欣璐), Gao Y (高彧), Lu Y-Z (陆裕珍). Effect of silicon fertilizer on yield and economic benefit of rice Zhongyou 808. Agricultural Technical Services (农技服务), 2017(18): 48-49 (in Chinese)
[7] He L-L (何流李), Zhu H-S (朱欢胜), Ou G-Z (欧国壮), et al. Effect of applying silicon fertilizer on rice growth and yield. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences (广东农业科学), 2011, 38(20): 50-51 (in Chinese)
[8] Ma JF, Yamaji N. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science, 2006, 11: 392-397
[9] Gong J-L (龚金龙), Hu Y-J (胡雅杰), Long H-Y (龙厚元), et al. Effect of application of silicon at different periods on grain yield and silicon absorption, use efficiency in super rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2012, 45(8): 1475-1488 (in Chinese)
[10] Bocharnikova EA, Loginov SV, Matychenkov VV, et al. Silicon fertilizer efficiency. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 36: 446-448
[11] Wu L (吴蕾), Lou Y-S (娄运生), Meng Y (孟艳), et al. Effects of silicon supply on diurnal variations of physiological properties at rice heading stage under elevated UV-B radiation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(1): 32-38 (in Chinese)
[12] Peng H (彭华), Tian F-X (田发祥), Wei W (魏维), et al. Effects of silicon fertilizer on uptake and accumulation of cadmium and silicon in rice at different growth stages. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2017, 36(6): 1027-1033 (in Chinese)
[13] Xu J-Y (许佳莹), Zhu L-F (朱练峰), Yu S-M (禹盛苗), et al. Effect of silicon fertilizer on yield and physiological characteristics of rice. Chinese Rice (中国稻米), 2012, 18(6): 18-22 (in Chinese)
[14] Wang S-Y (王苏影), Pan X-H (潘晓华), Wu J-F (吴建富), et al. Effect of phosphorus application on yield and rice quality of double-cropping early and late rice. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料), 2011(2): 39-43 (in Chinese)
[15] Guo B (郭彬), Lou Y-S (娄运生), Liang Y-C (梁永超), et al. Effects of nitrogen and silicon fertilizer combination on rice growth, yield and soil fertility. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2004, 23(6): 33-36 (in Chinese)
[16] Wu J-F (吴建富), Yao Z-S (姚仲生), Xie F (谢凡), et al. Effects of silicon levels on rice grain yield and its nitrogen. Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University (江西农业大学学报), 2015, 37(6): 955-959 (in Chinese)
[17] Cai D-L (蔡德龙). Progress in research and application of silicon fertilizer at home and abroad. Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer (磷肥与复肥), 2017, 32(1): 37-39 (in Chinese)
[18] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[19] Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国农业部). People’s Republic of China Agricultural Industry Standard (NY/T 2017-2011)[EB/OL]. (2011-09-01) [2018-12-01]. http://down.foodmate.net/standard/sort/5/36656.html (in Chinese)
[20] Zhu J (朱坚), Ji X-H (纪雄辉), Tian F-X (田发祥), et al. Research on P loss risk and threshold value in typical double-cropping rice field. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2017, 36(7): 1425-1433 (in Chinese)
[21] Gong L (宫亮), Jun Y-H (隽英华), Wang J-Z (王建忠), et al. Study on the dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2014, 30(20): 168-174 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang G-L (张国良), Dai Q-G (戴其根), Zhou Q (周青), et al. Influences of silicon fertilizer on popu-lation quality and yield in rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2004, 20(3): 114-117 (in Chinese)
[23] Fang J (方军), Chen Z-G (陈再高). Preliminary report on different rice varieties and different amounts of silicon fertilizer. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin (安徽农学通报), 2016, 22(3-4): 40-41 (in Chinese)
[24] Huang J (黄晶), Gao J-S (高菊生), Zhang Y-Z (张杨珠), et al. Change characteristics of rice yield and soil organic matter and nitrogen contents under various long-term fertilization regimes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(7): 1889-1894 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhang W-P (张文鹏). Effects of Nitrogen and Silicon Addition on Community Structure and Soil Nitrogen Content in Alpine Meadow. Master Thesis. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2016 (in Chinese)
[26] Zhang M-K (章明奎), Wang Y (王阳), Huang C (黄超). Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from croplands with different planting patterns in a riverine plain area of Zhejiang Province, East China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(12): 3211-3220 (in Chinese)
[27] Zheng X-L (郑小龙), Wu J-S (吴家森), Chen P-P (陈裴裴), et al. Effects of reducing nitrogen and biomass carbon fertilization on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of paddy field and grain production. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2013, 27(4): 39-43 (in Chinese)
[28] Wu X-Y (吴希媛), Zhang L-P (张丽萍). Study on the mechanism of rainfall redistribution affected by rain intensity, slope and coverage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2006, 20(4): 28-30 (in Chinese)
[29] Assouline S, Ben-Hur M. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing. Catena, 2006, 66: 211-220
[30] Tian Y-H (田玉华), He F-Y (贺发云), Yin B (尹斌), et al. Study on the dynamic change of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field surface water with different nitrogen and phosphorus. Soils (土壤), 2006, 38(6): 727-733 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang W-L (张维理), Ji H-J (冀宏杰), Kolbe H, et al. Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and its control countermeasures. Ⅱ. Situation and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Europe and America. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(7): 1018-1025 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang W (王伟), Xu D (徐丹). Preparation and optical properties of modified multisilane hybrid films. Guangdong Chemical Industry (广东化工), 2016, 43(3): 16-17 (in Chinese)
[33] Hu K-W (胡克伟). Effect of silicon application on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of paddy soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2002, 8(2): 214-218 (in Chinese)
[34] Zhao Z-P (赵佐平), Liu F (刘芬), Wang X-Y (王小英), et al. Effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on apple yield, quality and soil fertility. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(11): 3091-3098 (in Chinese)
[35] Zhang B-L (张冰蕾), Long Y (龙雨), Li F (李范), et al. Research on the soil fertilizer effect of biological silicon fertilizer on albic rice soil. Journal of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University (黑龙江八一农垦大学学报), 2007, 19(1): 36-39 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhu Y (朱亚), Zhao M (赵盟), Zheng S-W (郑仕伟), et al. Analysis of physical and chemical properties of topsoil in different cultivation areas of Shangluo traditional Chinese medicine. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences (山西农业科学), 2018, 46(12): 2057-2061 (in Chinese)
[37] Gao Q-H (高青海), Wang Y-K (王亚坤), Lu X-M (陆晓民), et al. Effects of exogenous silicon on physio-logical characteristics of cucumber seedlings under ammonium stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(5): 1395-1400 (in Chinese)
[38] Sun Y (孙颖), Wang X-D (王旭东), Wang Y (王莺), et al. Effect of combined application of silicon and phosphorus on available nutrients and rice yield in paddy soil. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University (浙江农林大学学报), 2015, 32(4): 551-556 (in Chinese)
[2] Zhang Y-G (张云贵), Liu H-B (刘宏斌), Li Z-H (李志宏), et al. Study of nitrate leaching potential from agricultural land in northern China under long-term fertilization conditions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2005, 11(6): 711-716 (in Chinese)
[3] Zhao L (赵理), Shi C-Y (史春余), Wang X-J (王新娟), et al. Effects of different types of silicon fertilizer on the growth and development of rice and its yield. Shandong Agricultural Sciences (山东农业科学), 2012, 44(6): 72-76 (in Chinese)
[4] Wang F-J (王飞军), Lin Y-F (林亚芬), Zhuang Y-Q (庄亚其), et al. Effect of silicon fertilizer on growth and yield of rice. Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences (浙江农业科学), 2014, 1(4): 469-471 (in Chinese)
[5] Weng Y (翁颖), Zhang W-L (张维玲), Chen G-H (陈国海), et al. Effect of silicon fertilizer on rice yield and nutrient uptake. Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences (浙江农业科学), 2017, 58(8): 1312-1314 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhong X-L (钟欣璐), Gao Y (高彧), Lu Y-Z (陆裕珍). Effect of silicon fertilizer on yield and economic benefit of rice Zhongyou 808. Agricultural Technical Services (农技服务), 2017(18): 48-49 (in Chinese)
[7] He L-L (何流李), Zhu H-S (朱欢胜), Ou G-Z (欧国壮), et al. Effect of applying silicon fertilizer on rice growth and yield. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences (广东农业科学), 2011, 38(20): 50-51 (in Chinese)
[8] Ma JF, Yamaji N. Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in Plant Science, 2006, 11: 392-397
[9] Gong J-L (龚金龙), Hu Y-J (胡雅杰), Long H-Y (龙厚元), et al. Effect of application of silicon at different periods on grain yield and silicon absorption, use efficiency in super rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2012, 45(8): 1475-1488 (in Chinese)
[10] Bocharnikova EA, Loginov SV, Matychenkov VV, et al. Silicon fertilizer efficiency. Russian Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 36: 446-448
[11] Wu L (吴蕾), Lou Y-S (娄运生), Meng Y (孟艳), et al. Effects of silicon supply on diurnal variations of physiological properties at rice heading stage under elevated UV-B radiation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(1): 32-38 (in Chinese)
[12] Peng H (彭华), Tian F-X (田发祥), Wei W (魏维), et al. Effects of silicon fertilizer on uptake and accumulation of cadmium and silicon in rice at different growth stages. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2017, 36(6): 1027-1033 (in Chinese)
[13] Xu J-Y (许佳莹), Zhu L-F (朱练峰), Yu S-M (禹盛苗), et al. Effect of silicon fertilizer on yield and physiological characteristics of rice. Chinese Rice (中国稻米), 2012, 18(6): 18-22 (in Chinese)
[14] Wang S-Y (王苏影), Pan X-H (潘晓华), Wu J-F (吴建富), et al. Effect of phosphorus application on yield and rice quality of double-cropping early and late rice. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China (中国土壤与肥料), 2011(2): 39-43 (in Chinese)
[15] Guo B (郭彬), Lou Y-S (娄运生), Liang Y-C (梁永超), et al. Effects of nitrogen and silicon fertilizer combination on rice growth, yield and soil fertility. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2004, 23(6): 33-36 (in Chinese)
[16] Wu J-F (吴建富), Yao Z-S (姚仲生), Xie F (谢凡), et al. Effects of silicon levels on rice grain yield and its nitrogen. Journal of Jiangxi Agricultural University (江西农业大学学报), 2015, 37(6): 955-959 (in Chinese)
[17] Cai D-L (蔡德龙). Progress in research and application of silicon fertilizer at home and abroad. Phosphate and Compound Fertilizer (磷肥与复肥), 2017, 32(1): 37-39 (in Chinese)
[18] Bao S-D (鲍士旦). Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000 (in Chinese)
[19] Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国农业部). People’s Republic of China Agricultural Industry Standard (NY/T 2017-2011)[EB/OL]. (2011-09-01) [2018-12-01]. http://down.foodmate.net/standard/sort/5/36656.html (in Chinese)
[20] Zhu J (朱坚), Ji X-H (纪雄辉), Tian F-X (田发祥), et al. Research on P loss risk and threshold value in typical double-cropping rice field. Journal of Agro-Environment Science (农业环境科学学报), 2017, 36(7): 1425-1433 (in Chinese)
[21] Gong L (宫亮), Jun Y-H (隽英华), Wang J-Z (王建忠), et al. Study on the dynamic characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2014, 30(20): 168-174 (in Chinese)
[22] Zhang G-L (张国良), Dai Q-G (戴其根), Zhou Q (周青), et al. Influences of silicon fertilizer on popu-lation quality and yield in rice. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2004, 20(3): 114-117 (in Chinese)
[23] Fang J (方军), Chen Z-G (陈再高). Preliminary report on different rice varieties and different amounts of silicon fertilizer. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin (安徽农学通报), 2016, 22(3-4): 40-41 (in Chinese)
[24] Huang J (黄晶), Gao J-S (高菊生), Zhang Y-Z (张杨珠), et al. Change characteristics of rice yield and soil organic matter and nitrogen contents under various long-term fertilization regimes. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(7): 1889-1894 (in Chinese)
[25] Zhang W-P (张文鹏). Effects of Nitrogen and Silicon Addition on Community Structure and Soil Nitrogen Content in Alpine Meadow. Master Thesis. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2016 (in Chinese)
[26] Zhang M-K (章明奎), Wang Y (王阳), Huang C (黄超). Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses from croplands with different planting patterns in a riverine plain area of Zhejiang Province, East China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(12): 3211-3220 (in Chinese)
[27] Zheng X-L (郑小龙), Wu J-S (吴家森), Chen P-P (陈裴裴), et al. Effects of reducing nitrogen and biomass carbon fertilization on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of paddy field and grain production. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2013, 27(4): 39-43 (in Chinese)
[28] Wu X-Y (吴希媛), Zhang L-P (张丽萍). Study on the mechanism of rainfall redistribution affected by rain intensity, slope and coverage. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2006, 20(4): 28-30 (in Chinese)
[29] Assouline S, Ben-Hur M. Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on the dynamics of interrill erosion during soil surface sealing. Catena, 2006, 66: 211-220
[30] Tian Y-H (田玉华), He F-Y (贺发云), Yin B (尹斌), et al. Study on the dynamic change of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy field surface water with different nitrogen and phosphorus. Soils (土壤), 2006, 38(6): 727-733 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang W-L (张维理), Ji H-J (冀宏杰), Kolbe H, et al. Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and its control countermeasures. Ⅱ. Situation and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in Europe and America. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2004, 37(7): 1018-1025 (in Chinese)
[32] Wang W (王伟), Xu D (徐丹). Preparation and optical properties of modified multisilane hybrid films. Guangdong Chemical Industry (广东化工), 2016, 43(3): 16-17 (in Chinese)
[33] Hu K-W (胡克伟). Effect of silicon application on phosphorus adsorption and desorption of paddy soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2002, 8(2): 214-218 (in Chinese)
[34] Zhao Z-P (赵佐平), Liu F (刘芬), Wang X-Y (王小英), et al. Effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on apple yield, quality and soil fertility. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(11): 3091-3098 (in Chinese)
[35] Zhang B-L (张冰蕾), Long Y (龙雨), Li F (李范), et al. Research on the soil fertilizer effect of biological silicon fertilizer on albic rice soil. Journal of Heilongjiang August First Land Reclamation University (黑龙江八一农垦大学学报), 2007, 19(1): 36-39 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhu Y (朱亚), Zhao M (赵盟), Zheng S-W (郑仕伟), et al. Analysis of physical and chemical properties of topsoil in different cultivation areas of Shangluo traditional Chinese medicine. Shanxi Agricultural Sciences (山西农业科学), 2018, 46(12): 2057-2061 (in Chinese)
[37] Gao Q-H (高青海), Wang Y-K (王亚坤), Lu X-M (陆晓民), et al. Effects of exogenous silicon on physio-logical characteristics of cucumber seedlings under ammonium stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(5): 1395-1400 (in Chinese)
[38] Sun Y (孙颖), Wang X-D (王旭东), Wang Y (王莺), et al. Effect of combined application of silicon and phosphorus on available nutrients and rice yield in paddy soil. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University (浙江农林大学学报), 2015, 32(4): 551-556 (in Chinese)
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