祁连山南坡不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质及空间变异性分析
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摘要
[目的]以祁连山南坡5种不同土地利用方式下的土壤为研究对象,研究土壤含水量、pH值、有机质及电导率沿剖面(0～50 cm)垂直变化特征及空间变异性。[方法]对祁连山南坡5种不同植被类型下的土壤进行采样,通过单因素方差方法对不同土地利用方式下的土壤理化性质进行差异显著性检验,并利用Duncan法进行多重比较。[结果]不同土地利用方式会影响土壤含水量、pH值、有机质及电导率的垂直分异,除pH值随土层深度增大外,土壤含水量、有机质及电导率随土层深度增加均呈减小趋势。土地利用方式不同会影响土壤理化性质差异显著性,研究区5种土地利用方式下pH值、含水量、有机质和电导率均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。土壤含水量、有机质及电导率具有较强的空间变异性,而土壤pH值的空间变异性较小,随土层深度增加,土壤含水量、pH值、有机质及电导率的变异性逐渐减小。[结论]研究区不同土地利用方式下土壤有机质含量较高,土壤较肥沃;土壤pH呈弱碱性,符合我国西北干旱半干旱区土壤大多呈碱性的特征;土壤电导率较低,未出现盐碱化现象。土壤含水量、有机质及电导率具有中等程度的空间变异性,而土壤pH值具有弱空间变异性。
[Objective]Taking the soils under five different land use types on the southern slope of Qilian mountain as the research object,the vertical variation characteristics along the profile(0-50 cm)and spatial variability of soil moisture content,pH value,soil organic matter and electrical conductivity were studied.[Method]According to the random arrangement method,the soil under five different vegetation types on the southern slope of Qilian mountain was sampled.The soil physical and chemical properties were tested for significant difference adopted by one-way variance method and multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan method.[Result]The results showed that different land use patterns would affect the vertical differentiation of soil water content,pH value,organic matter and electrical conductivity.Apart from the increase of pH value with soil depth,soil water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity decreased with soil depth.Different land use patterns would affect the significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties.There were significant differences in pH,water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity among the five land use types in the study area(P<0.05).Soil water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity had strong spatial variability,while soil pH had little spatial variability.As the depth of the soil increases,the variability of soil water content,pH value,organic matter and electrical conductivity gradually decreased.[Conclusion]The soil organic matter content was high under different land use patterns in the study area,and the soil was fertile;the soil pH was weakly alkaline,which was consistent with the alkaline characteristics of the soil in the arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China;the soil conductivity was low,and no saline or alkali appeared.Soil water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity have moderate spatial variability,while soil pH has weak spatial variability.
[Objective]Taking the soils under five different land use types on the southern slope of Qilian mountain as the research object,the vertical variation characteristics along the profile(0-50 cm)and spatial variability of soil moisture content,pH value,soil organic matter and electrical conductivity were studied.[Method]According to the random arrangement method,the soil under five different vegetation types on the southern slope of Qilian mountain was sampled.The soil physical and chemical properties were tested for significant difference adopted by one-way variance method and multiple comparisons were performed using the Duncan method.[Result]The results showed that different land use patterns would affect the vertical differentiation of soil water content,pH value,organic matter and electrical conductivity.Apart from the increase of pH value with soil depth,soil water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity decreased with soil depth.Different land use patterns would affect the significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties.There were significant differences in pH,water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity among the five land use types in the study area(P<0.05).Soil water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity had strong spatial variability,while soil pH had little spatial variability.As the depth of the soil increases,the variability of soil water content,pH value,organic matter and electrical conductivity gradually decreased.[Conclusion]The soil organic matter content was high under different land use patterns in the study area,and the soil was fertile;the soil pH was weakly alkaline,which was consistent with the alkaline characteristics of the soil in the arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China;the soil conductivity was low,and no saline or alkali appeared.Soil water content,organic matter and electrical conductivity have moderate spatial variability,while soil pH has weak spatial variability.
引文
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[15]佘雕,朱盼盼,李浩宏,等.黄土高原3种灌木林地土壤有机质及氮素的空间分布特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):76-82,88.
[16]魏绍成,杨国庆.草甸的分布和形成途径及草甸水分状况的分析[J].草业科学,1997(6):2-6,9.
[17]曹丽花,刘合满,普塔拉.西藏主要农作区土壤pH值和电导率分布特征及其相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1189-1192.
[18]杨红,徐唱唱,赛曼,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤含水量、pH值及电导率的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(11):1922-1927.
[19]蒋文惠.地形和土地利用对山区土壤养分空间变异的影响[D].济南:山东农业大学,2014.
[20]罗广惠,马富亮,符素华,等.东北黑土区坡面涝渍对土壤养分的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(15):95-98,116.
[2]王忠武,祁维秀,白林,等.祁连山地区气候变化特征再分析[J].青海草业,2018,27(2):42-48.
[3]武正丽,贾文雄,刘亚荣,等.近10a来祁连山植被覆盖变化研究[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(1):80-87.
[4]张华,张甘霖.土壤质量指标和评价方法[J].土壤,2001(6):326-330,333.
[5]邱莉萍,张兴昌.子午岭不同土地利用方式对土壤性质的影响[J].自然资源学报,2006(6):965-972.
[6]ISLAM K R,WEIL R R.Land use effects on soil quality in a tropical forest ecosystem of Bangladesh[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,2000,79(1):9-16.
[7]汤萃文,张海风,陈银萍,等.祁连山南坡植被景观格局及其破碎化[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(11):2305-2310.
[8]赵永全,何彤慧,夏贵菊.银川平原芦苇湿地土壤含水量及土壤生源要素垂直分布特征[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):37-42.
[9]石莎,马风云,刘立超,等.沙坡头地区不同植被结构对沙地土壤水分的影响[J].中央民族大学学报(自然科学版),2004(2):137-141,145.
[10]李力,张祥星,郭建青,等.阜康农田与荒漠土壤含水量时空变化的对比分析[J].人民珠江,2016,37(7):82-85.
[11]晋瑜,颜安,蒋平安,等.玛纳斯河流域农田土壤水分空间变异性研究[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(8):1554-1559.
[12]万晓红,周怀东,刘玲花,等.白洋淀湖泊湿地中氮素分布的初步研究[J].水土保持学报,2008(2):166-169,186.
[13]李学斌,陈林,樊瑞霞,等.围封条件下荒漠草原4种典型植物群落枯落物输入对土壤理化性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(1):101-110.
[14]高海峰,白军红,王庆改,等.霍林河下游典型洪泛区湿地土壤pH值和土壤含水量分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(1):268-271.
[15]佘雕,朱盼盼,李浩宏,等.黄土高原3种灌木林地土壤有机质及氮素的空间分布特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(1):76-82,88.
[16]魏绍成,杨国庆.草甸的分布和形成途径及草甸水分状况的分析[J].草业科学,1997(6):2-6,9.
[17]曹丽花,刘合满,普塔拉.西藏主要农作区土壤pH值和电导率分布特征及其相关性分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(5):1189-1192.
[18]杨红,徐唱唱,赛曼,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤含水量、pH值及电导率的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(11):1922-1927.
[19]蒋文惠.地形和土地利用对山区土壤养分空间变异的影响[D].济南:山东农业大学,2014.
[20]罗广惠,马富亮,符素华,等.东北黑土区坡面涝渍对土壤养分的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(15):95-98,116.
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