天津海岸带生态修复效果评估方法研究
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摘要
将生态系统服务功能引入到生态修复效果评估方法研究中,构建了包括供给服务、调节服务、文化服务和支持服务等15个指标的海岸带生态修复效果评估指标体系;采用层次分析法确定了各个指标的权重值,并引入商业银行利率的概念构建生态修复效果评估模型;采用该指标体系和评估模型估算了1983年、2005年、2012年和2016年天津海岸带生态系统服务功能价值。结果表明:以1983年为基准年,2005年、2012年和2016年天津海岸带生态系统服务总价值分别下降了82.47%、89.78%和88.66%,呈衰退趋势;但休闲娱乐占总价值比重呈升高趋势,表明通过局部的生态修复,该功能得到较快的提高,基本能实现生态修复的文化目标;生态系统的生命支持服务功能难以恢复到历史水平。总体来看,近30 a来天津海岸带所开展的生态修复工程对整个海岸带生态系统服务功能的恢复并未取得良好成效,生态修复效果在短时期内难以弥补海岸带不断退化带来的损失。
According to ecosystem service functions,an evaluation index system is established for evaluating the effects of coastal zone ecological restoration,which includes 15 indexes of four aspects of services such as supply service,regulation service,cultural service and support service.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is adopted to determine the weights of each indexes and the concept of Commercial Bank interest rate is introduced to build up the evaluation model of ecological restoration effect.By using this index system and evaluation model,the values of the ecosystem service functions in the coastal zone of Tianjin in 1983,2005,2012 and 2016 are estimated.The results how that by taking 1983 as the base year,the total value of the ecosystem services in the coastal zone of Tianjin in 2005,2012 and 2016 has fallen by 82.47%,89.78% and 88.66%,respectively,tending to decline.However,the proportion of leisure and entertainment to the total value tends to increase,indicating that through the local ecological restoration this function is improved quickly and the cultural objectives of ecological restoration can be achieved basically.For the life support service function of the ecosystem,however,it is difficult to restore to the historical level.Generally speaking,the ecological restoration projects that have been carried out locally in the coastal zone of Tianjin in the past 30 years has not yet received a good effect on the restoration of ecosystem service functions in the whole coastal zone of Tianjin.It is difficult to make up the losses caused by the continuous degradation of the coastal zone through the ecological restoration in a short period.
According to ecosystem service functions,an evaluation index system is established for evaluating the effects of coastal zone ecological restoration,which includes 15 indexes of four aspects of services such as supply service,regulation service,cultural service and support service.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) is adopted to determine the weights of each indexes and the concept of Commercial Bank interest rate is introduced to build up the evaluation model of ecological restoration effect.By using this index system and evaluation model,the values of the ecosystem service functions in the coastal zone of Tianjin in 1983,2005,2012 and 2016 are estimated.The results how that by taking 1983 as the base year,the total value of the ecosystem services in the coastal zone of Tianjin in 2005,2012 and 2016 has fallen by 82.47%,89.78% and 88.66%,respectively,tending to decline.However,the proportion of leisure and entertainment to the total value tends to increase,indicating that through the local ecological restoration this function is improved quickly and the cultural objectives of ecological restoration can be achieved basically.For the life support service function of the ecosystem,however,it is difficult to restore to the historical level.Generally speaking,the ecological restoration projects that have been carried out locally in the coastal zone of Tianjin in the past 30 years has not yet received a good effect on the restoration of ecosystem service functions in the whole coastal zone of Tianjin.It is difficult to make up the losses caused by the continuous degradation of the coastal zone through the ecological restoration in a short period.
引文
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[14] COSTANZA R,D′ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(15):253-260.
[15] GB/T 28058-2011,海洋生态资本评估技术导则[S].
[16] 费尊乐,毛兴华,朱明远,等.渤海生产力研究——叶绿素a、初级生产力与渔业资源开发潜力[J].海洋水产研究,1991(12):55-69.
[17] POSTMA H,ROMMETS J W.Primary production in the Wadden Sea[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1970,4(4):470-493.
[18] 彭本荣,洪华生.海岸带生态系统服务价值评估理论与应用研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[19] 天津市统计局.2005天津统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2005.
[20] 天津市统计局,国家统计局天津调查总队.2017天津统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[21] WHITTAKER R H.Communities and ecosystems[M].2nd ed.New York:MacMillan Publishing Co.,1975:385-390.
[22] 李静.河北省围填海演进过程分析与综合效益评价[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2008.
[23] TAIT R V.Elements of marine ecology:an introductory course[M].3rd ed.London:Butterworth-Heinemann,1981.
[24] 卢振彬,杜琦,颜尤明,等.厦门沿岸海域贝类适养面积和可养量的估算[J].台湾海峡,1999,18(2):199-204.
[25] 孟伟.渤海典型海岸带生境退化的监控与诊断研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.
[2] NECKLES H A,DIONNE M,BURDICK D M,et al.A monitoring protocol to assess tidal restoration of salt marshes on local and regional scales[J].Restoration Ecology,2002,10(3):556-563.
[3] CHAPMAN P,REED D.Advances in coastal habitat restoration in the northern Gulf of Mexico[J].Ecological Engineering,2006,26(1):1-5.
[4] 蔡楠,杨扬,方建德,等.基于层次分析法的城市河流生态修复评估[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(9):1092-1098.
[5] 刘荣成,洪志猛,叶功富,等.泉州湾洛阳江滨海湿地的生态恢复与重建对策[J].福建林业科技,2004,31(3):75-78.
[6] 王敏,唐景春,朱文英,等.大沽排污河生态修复河道水质综合评价及生物毒性影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(14):4535-4543.
[7] 马玉艳,张秋丰,徐玉山,等.渤海湾基础生物资源现状及其变化趋势[J].海洋环境科学,2013,32(6):845-850.
[8] 万峻,李子成,雷坤.1954—2000年渤海湾典型海岸带(天津段)景观空间格局动态变化分析[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(1):77-82.
[9] 郑丙辉,刘宏娟,王丽婧.渤海海岸带生态分区研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(4):75-80.
[10] 郑丙辉.渤海湾海岸带生态系统的脆弱性及生物修复[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2013:200-244.
[11] 吴姗姗,刘容子,齐连明,等.渤海海域生态系统服务功能价值评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2008,18(2):65-69.
[12] 雷坤,孟伟,郑丙辉,等.渤海湾海岸带生境退化诊断方法[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):1361-1365.
[13] 蓝伯雄,程佳惠,陈秉正.管理数学—运筹学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:376-379.
[14] COSTANZA R,D′ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(15):253-260.
[15] GB/T 28058-2011,海洋生态资本评估技术导则[S].
[16] 费尊乐,毛兴华,朱明远,等.渤海生产力研究——叶绿素a、初级生产力与渔业资源开发潜力[J].海洋水产研究,1991(12):55-69.
[17] POSTMA H,ROMMETS J W.Primary production in the Wadden Sea[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1970,4(4):470-493.
[18] 彭本荣,洪华生.海岸带生态系统服务价值评估理论与应用研究[M].北京:海洋出版社,2006.
[19] 天津市统计局.2005天津统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2005.
[20] 天津市统计局,国家统计局天津调查总队.2017天津统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[21] WHITTAKER R H.Communities and ecosystems[M].2nd ed.New York:MacMillan Publishing Co.,1975:385-390.
[22] 李静.河北省围填海演进过程分析与综合效益评价[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2008.
[23] TAIT R V.Elements of marine ecology:an introductory course[M].3rd ed.London:Butterworth-Heinemann,1981.
[24] 卢振彬,杜琦,颜尤明,等.厦门沿岸海域贝类适养面积和可养量的估算[J].台湾海峡,1999,18(2):199-204.
[25] 孟伟.渤海典型海岸带生境退化的监控与诊断研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2005.
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