西藏雅鲁藏布江中游裂腹鱼类优先保护等级定量评价
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摘要
西藏地区雅鲁藏布江中游分布有6种特有裂腹鱼类,是地方重要的土著经济物种。近年来,受人类活动和环境变化的影响,裂腹鱼类资源已严重衰退而处于濒危,急需开展裂腹鱼类的资源现状调查及保护等级评价工作。本课题组分别于2015年和2017年的春季(4—5月),对雅鲁藏布江中游的渔业资源进行调查监测,参阅相关文献资料,采用珍稀性、物种价值和人为干扰共3个一级指标和5个二级指标建立优先保护等级的定量评价体系,对6种裂腹鱼类的资源状况及濒危状况进行评价,根据评分标准与优先保护综合评价值(R)确定裂腹鱼类的优先保护等级。研究结果表明,尖裸鲤(Oxygymnocypris stewartii)为一级优先保护鱼类,双须叶须鱼(Ptychobarbus dipogon)为二级优先保护鱼类,拉萨裂腹鱼(Schizothorax waltoni)和巨须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax macropogon)为三级优先保护鱼类,异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax o’connori)和拉萨裸裂尻鱼(Schizopygopsis younghusbandi)为四级优先保护鱼类。评价分级结果与实际情况相符,真实地反映了6种裂腹鱼类优先保护顺序。本研究对雅鲁藏布江中游的鱼类保护等级提出建议,为鱼类资源的科学保护管理等提供参考和依据。
Six Schizothoracinae fishes, which are important economic indigenous fishes, form the dominant group in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River of Tibet. During the course of evolution, Schizothoracinae fishes have developed unique characteristics, including a slow growth rate, long life cycle, late sexual maturity, and low reproductive capacity. Their germplasm resources are fragile and sensitive to human interference. Once destroyed, population resources will be difficult to recover. In recent years, there has been a serious decline in Schizothoracinae fish resources due to the impact of human activities and environmental changes; their distribution has been reduced,and their population resources have been destroyed. There is an urgent need to protect the Schizothoracinae fish resources. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the priority conservation of Schizothoracinae fishes in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River. Based on fishery resources survey data collected during the spring(April–May)of 2015 and 2017 in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, combined with relevant literature and field survey data and information accessed for recent years, we used five evaluation indexes of value and rareness, species value, and human interference. Then, we evaluated the resource status and endangered status of six Schizothoracinae fishes and obtained the priority conservation grade of these fish according to the scoring criterion and the comprehensive evaluation value R. The results showed that Oxygymnocypris stewartii was the first priority conservation fish; Ptychobarbus dipogon was listed as the second priority conservation fish; Schizothorax waltoni and Schizothorax macropogon were the joint third priority conservation fish; and Schizothorax o'connori and Schizopygopsis younghusbandi were the joint fourth priority conservation fish. These evaluation and classification results are consistent with the real-life situation, which reflects the priority conservation order of six Schizothoracinae fishes. This study provides suggestions and reference for the scientific protection and management of Schizothoracinae fish resources in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.
Six Schizothoracinae fishes, which are important economic indigenous fishes, form the dominant group in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River of Tibet. During the course of evolution, Schizothoracinae fishes have developed unique characteristics, including a slow growth rate, long life cycle, late sexual maturity, and low reproductive capacity. Their germplasm resources are fragile and sensitive to human interference. Once destroyed, population resources will be difficult to recover. In recent years, there has been a serious decline in Schizothoracinae fish resources due to the impact of human activities and environmental changes; their distribution has been reduced,and their population resources have been destroyed. There is an urgent need to protect the Schizothoracinae fish resources. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the priority conservation of Schizothoracinae fishes in the middle Yarlung Zangbo River. Based on fishery resources survey data collected during the spring(April–May)of 2015 and 2017 in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, combined with relevant literature and field survey data and information accessed for recent years, we used five evaluation indexes of value and rareness, species value, and human interference. Then, we evaluated the resource status and endangered status of six Schizothoracinae fishes and obtained the priority conservation grade of these fish according to the scoring criterion and the comprehensive evaluation value R. The results showed that Oxygymnocypris stewartii was the first priority conservation fish; Ptychobarbus dipogon was listed as the second priority conservation fish; Schizothorax waltoni and Schizothorax macropogon were the joint third priority conservation fish; and Schizothorax o'connori and Schizopygopsis younghusbandi were the joint fourth priority conservation fish. These evaluation and classification results are consistent with the real-life situation, which reflects the priority conservation order of six Schizothoracinae fishes. This study provides suggestions and reference for the scientific protection and management of Schizothoracinae fish resources in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.
引文
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