成都平原不同土地利用方式对土壤剖面钾素分布的影响
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摘要
为探索快速城市化背景下土地利用方式变化对土壤剖面钾素变化的影响,本研究选取成都平原4种典型土地利用方式(稻-麦、稻-蔬、稻-油和园林),基于187个土壤剖面数据,分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤剖面速效钾、缓效钾、矿物钾和全钾4种不同形态钾的含量特征及相互关系.结果表明:从表层土壤来看,相较传统轮作(稻-麦、稻-油)而言,土地利用方式显著影响了土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量变化,稻-蔬轮作提高了表层土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量,园林用地则加剧了土壤速效钾和缓效钾的消耗.对于较为稳定的土壤矿物钾和全钾而言,其含量在不同土地利用方式间均无显著差异.从深层土壤来看,稻-蔬轮作方式下速效钾含量随土层加深下降最为明显,传统轮作土壤速效钾含量显著高于园林用地,缓效钾变化趋势与速效钾相反.不同土地利用方式土壤矿物钾和全钾含量差异较小.在4种土地利用方式中,稻-蔬轮作方式下表层土壤速效钾和缓效钾占全钾比例相对其他3种土地利用方式较高,20～40 cm土层,不同土地利用方式下速效钾占全钾比例均显著下降,缓效钾随土层向下比例变化与速效钾变化趋势恰好相反.矿物钾占全钾比例在不同土地利用方式下无显著差异.可见,不同土地利用方式对成都平原土壤速效钾和缓效钾在剖面中的分布具有显著影响.
To explore the effects of land use change on the potassium in soil profile under the background of rapid urbanization, we collected data of 187 soil profiles from four typical land use patterns(rice-wheat, rice-vegetable, rice-oil and garden) in Chengdu Plain. The contents of available potassium(AP), slow-acting potassium(SP), mineral potassium(MP), and total potassium(TP) in soil profile under different land use patterns and their relationships were analyzed. Our results showed that compared with the traditional rotation(rice-wheat, rice-oil), soil AP and SP contents significantly varied among different land use patterns. Rice-vegetable rotation increased the contents of AP and SP in the surface soil, while garden land increased the consumption of AP and SP in the soil. For the more stable forms, soil MP and TP, there was no significant difference in their contents under different land use patterns. In the deep soil, the content of AP in the rice-vegetable rotation pattern was significantly decreased with deepening soil layer, and the AP in traditional rotation was significantly higher than that in garden land. The trend of SP was opposite to that of AP. The difference of MP and TP in different land use patterns was small. Among the four land use patterns, the ratio of AP to TP and SP to TP in the lower layer of rice-vegetable rotation was higher than that in other patterns, while the ratio of AP to TP decreased significantly under different land use patterns at 20-40 cm. The change of SP to TP with the downward ratio of soil layer was opposite to that of AP to TP. Additionally, the ratio of MP to TP was relatively stable under different land use patterns. Therefore, different land use patterns exerted significant effects on the distribution of AP and SP in the soil profile of Chengdu Plain.
To explore the effects of land use change on the potassium in soil profile under the background of rapid urbanization, we collected data of 187 soil profiles from four typical land use patterns(rice-wheat, rice-vegetable, rice-oil and garden) in Chengdu Plain. The contents of available potassium(AP), slow-acting potassium(SP), mineral potassium(MP), and total potassium(TP) in soil profile under different land use patterns and their relationships were analyzed. Our results showed that compared with the traditional rotation(rice-wheat, rice-oil), soil AP and SP contents significantly varied among different land use patterns. Rice-vegetable rotation increased the contents of AP and SP in the surface soil, while garden land increased the consumption of AP and SP in the soil. For the more stable forms, soil MP and TP, there was no significant difference in their contents under different land use patterns. In the deep soil, the content of AP in the rice-vegetable rotation pattern was significantly decreased with deepening soil layer, and the AP in traditional rotation was significantly higher than that in garden land. The trend of SP was opposite to that of AP. The difference of MP and TP in different land use patterns was small. Among the four land use patterns, the ratio of AP to TP and SP to TP in the lower layer of rice-vegetable rotation was higher than that in other patterns, while the ratio of AP to TP decreased significantly under different land use patterns at 20-40 cm. The change of SP to TP with the downward ratio of soil layer was opposite to that of AP to TP. Additionally, the ratio of MP to TP was relatively stable under different land use patterns. Therefore, different land use patterns exerted significant effects on the distribution of AP and SP in the soil profile of Chengdu Plain.
引文
[1] Sui N, Zhou Z, Yu C, et al. Yield and potassium use efficiency of cotton with wheat straw incorporation and potassium fertilization on soils with various conditions in the wheat-cotton rotation system. Field Crops Research, 2015, 172: 132-144
[2] Meng L, Ding W, Cai Z. Long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emissions, soil quality and crop production in a sandy loam soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37: 2037-2045
[3] Pang JL, Qiu HY, Huang CC, et al. Comparison of micromorphological features of two agricultural cultivated soils in Guanzhong areas, Shaanxi Province, China. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2007, 6: 1089-1098
[4] Sharma KL, Mandal UK, Srinivas K, et al. Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol. Soil and Tillage Research, 2005, 83: 246-259
[5] Riley HCF, Bleken MA, Abrahamsen S, et al. Effects of alternative tillage systems on soil quality and yield of spring cereals on silty clay loam and sandy loam soils in the cool, wet climate of central Norway. Soil and Tillage Research, 2005, 80: 79-93
[6] Yong X (游翔), Zhu B (朱波), Xie S-C (谢尚春), et al. Studies on forms transformation of potassium in purple soil. Journal of Mountain Science (山地学报), 2001, 19(S1): 46-49 (in Chinese)
[7] Chen B-H (陈佰鸿), Li X-S (李新生), Cao Z-Y (曹孜义), et al. Studies on photosythetic and respiratory characters of different leaf positions in grape plantlet in vitro. Acta Horticulturae Sinica (园艺学报), 2004, 34(5): 637-640 (in Chinese)
[8] Qiu S, Xie J, Zhao S, et al. Long-term effects of potassium fertilization on yield, efficiency, and soil fertility status in a rain-fed maize system in northeast China. Field Crops Research, 2014, 163: 1-9
[9] Jie W-Y (解文艳), Zhou H-P (周怀平), Yang Z-X (杨振兴), et al. Effect of different straw return modes on potassium balance and potassium pool in cinnamon soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2015, 21(4): 936-942 (in Chinese)
[10] Liu F (刘枫), Wu C-Z (吴传洲), Zhu K-B (朱克保), et al. Study on potassium strategy to maintain crop high yield and potassium balance in cropland under rice-wheat rotation systems. Soils (土壤), 2014, 46(2): 232-238 (in Chinese)
[11] Zhang L (张磊), Zhang W-L (张维乐), Lu J-W (鲁剑巍), et al. Study of optimum potassium reducing rate of rice, wheat and oilseed rape under different soil K supply levels with straw incorporation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2017, 50(19): 3745-3756 (in Chinese)
[12] Chen Y (陈洋), Qi Y-B (齐雁冰), Wang Y-Y (王茵茵), et al. Spatial variability and factors affecting soil available potassium in the central Qinling-Daba mountain area. Research of Environmental Sciences (环境科学研究), 2017, 30(2): 257-266 (in Chinese)
[13] Hua K-K (花可可), Wang D-Z (王道中), Guo Z-B (郭志彬), et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil potassium utilization and budgeting in vertisol relative to application method. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2017, 54(4): 978-988 (in Chinese)
[14] Ji H-J (冀宏杰), Zhang H-Z (张怀志), Zhang W-L (张维理), et al. Farmland potassium balance in China: A review. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2017, 25(6): 920-930 (in Chinese)
[15] Luo W-J (罗为检), Wang K-L (王克林), Liu M (刘明), et al. Research progress on impact of land use and its patterns change on ecoenvironment. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2003, 11(2): 150-152 (in Chinese)
[16] Li J (李娟), Peng J-L (彭金灵), Kang J (康娟), et al. Effects of nitrogen-reduction on the soil profile nutrient distribution in paddy fields. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops (热带作物学报), 2012, 33(8): 1378-1383 (in Chinese)
[17] Wu C, Huang J, Minasny B, et al. Two-dimensional empirical mode decomposition of heavy metal spatial variation in agricultural soils, Southeast China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 2017, 24: 8302-8314
[18] Lu D, Li C, Sokolwski E, et al. Crop yield and soil available potassium changes as affected by potassium rate in rice-wheat systems. Field Crops Research, 2017, 214: 38-44
[19] Li Q-Q (李启权), Wang C-Q (王昌全), Zhang W-J (张文江), et al. Prediction of soil nutrients spatial distribution based on neural network model combined with goestatistics. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(2): 459-466 (in Chinese)
[20] Yin Z-Y (殷志遥), Huang L (黄丽), Xue B (薛斌), et al. Effect of continuous straw incorporation on forms of potassium in the paddy soils. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2017, 48(2): 351-358 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhang H, Xu M, Ping Z, et al. Effect of 15-year-long fertilization on potassium quantity/intensity relationships in black soil in Northeastern China. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2011, 42: 1289-1297
[22] Wang F (王飞), Lin C (林诚), Li Q-H (李清华), et al. Increase effect of potassium supply and balance of yellow paddy soils through long-term different fertilization modes. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertili-zer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(3): 669-677 (in Chinese)
[23] Liao Y-L (廖育林), Lu Y-H (鲁艳红), Xie J (谢坚), et al. Effects of long-term application of chemical potassium fertilizer and incorporation of rice straw on potassium supplying capacity of red soil in double cropping paddy field. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2017, 54(2): 456-467 (in Chinese)
[24] He P, Yang L, Xu X, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China (1990-2012). Field Crops Research, 2015, 173: 49-56
[25] Qin C (秦川), He B-H (何丙辉), Jiang X-J (蒋先军), et al. Soil nutrient characteristics of different land-use types in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Acta Pra-taculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2016, 25(9): 10-19 (in Chinese)
[26] Aa L-T (阿拉腾希胡日), Zeng X-B (曾希柏), Bai L-Y (白玲玉), et al. Effect of different land use on farmland soil nutrients. Research of Agricultural Modernization (农业现代化研究), 2010, 31(4): 492-495 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhao Z (赵忠), Li P (李鹏), Wang N-J (王乃江), et al. Distribution patterns of root systems of main planting tree species in Weibei Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2000, 11(1): 38-40 (in Chinese)
[28] Li S (李珊), Li Q-Q (李启权), Wang C-Q (王昌全), et al. Profile distribution of paddy soil organic carbon and its influencing factors in Chengdu Plain. Resources Science (资源科学), 2018, 40(7): 1397-1406 (in Chinese)
[29] Zhang H-L (张宏玲), Yu D-S (于东升), Wang N (王宁), et al. Comparative study of crop rotation systems and soil characteristic types influence on organic carbon density of the typical area in Chengdu. Soils (土壤), 2014, 46(3): 419-425 (in Chinese)
[30] Xu Y, Smith SE, Grunwald S, et al. Evaluating the effect of remote sensing image spatial resolution on soil exchangeable potassium prediction models in smallholder farm settings. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 200: 423-433
[31] Wang Q-A (王庆安), Tan T (谭婷), Yang M (杨渺), et al. Macroscopical analysis of chemical fertilizer application as one of the factors affecting environment of agricultural production in Sichuan Province. Sichuan Environment (四川环境), 2008, 27(6): 18-24 (in Chinese)
[32] Zhao H (赵欢), Gou J-L (芶久兰), Zhao L-X (赵伦学), et al. Analysis on status of soil potassium and the effects of potassium fertilizer in dryland soil in Guizhou. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2016, 22(1): 277-285 (in Chinese)
[33] Wang H-T (王宏庭), Jin J-Y (金继运), Wang B (王斌), et al. Effect of long-term potassium application and wheat straw return to cinnamon soil on wheat yields and soil potassium balance in Shanxi. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2010, 16(4): 801-808 (in Chinese)
[34] Yuan D-G (袁大刚), Fu S (付帅), Feng P (冯丕), et al. Soil fertility characteristics of urban green space among different ring road districts in west Chengdu. Soils (土壤), 2015, 47(1): 55-62 (in Chinese)
[35] Bao Y-X (包耀贤), Wu F-Q (吴发启), Liu L (刘莉), et al. Analysis on status of soil potassium and its influencing factors for terrace in Weibei dryland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2008, 22(1): 78-82 (in Chinese)
[36] Liu Y-C (刘禹池), Feng W-Q (冯文强), Qin Y-S (秦鱼生), et al. Effects of long-term fertilization and straw mulch on crop yields and soil fertility under rice-wheat rotation in Chengdu Plain. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报), 2015, 28(1): 240-247 (in Chinese)
[37] Pang J-L (庞奖励), Zhang W-Q (张卫青), Huang C-C (黄春长), et al. The influence of land use change on soil development and over the loess tablelands in the northern Weihe River Basin, China. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2010, 65(7): 789-800 (in Chinese)
[2] Meng L, Ding W, Cai Z. Long-term application of organic manure and nitrogen fertilizer on N2O emissions, soil quality and crop production in a sandy loam soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2005, 37: 2037-2045
[3] Pang JL, Qiu HY, Huang CC, et al. Comparison of micromorphological features of two agricultural cultivated soils in Guanzhong areas, Shaanxi Province, China. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2007, 6: 1089-1098
[4] Sharma KL, Mandal UK, Srinivas K, et al. Long-term soil management effects on crop yields and soil quality in a dryland Alfisol. Soil and Tillage Research, 2005, 83: 246-259
[5] Riley HCF, Bleken MA, Abrahamsen S, et al. Effects of alternative tillage systems on soil quality and yield of spring cereals on silty clay loam and sandy loam soils in the cool, wet climate of central Norway. Soil and Tillage Research, 2005, 80: 79-93
[6] Yong X (游翔), Zhu B (朱波), Xie S-C (谢尚春), et al. Studies on forms transformation of potassium in purple soil. Journal of Mountain Science (山地学报), 2001, 19(S1): 46-49 (in Chinese)
[7] Chen B-H (陈佰鸿), Li X-S (李新生), Cao Z-Y (曹孜义), et al. Studies on photosythetic and respiratory characters of different leaf positions in grape plantlet in vitro. Acta Horticulturae Sinica (园艺学报), 2004, 34(5): 637-640 (in Chinese)
[8] Qiu S, Xie J, Zhao S, et al. Long-term effects of potassium fertilization on yield, efficiency, and soil fertility status in a rain-fed maize system in northeast China. Field Crops Research, 2014, 163: 1-9
[9] Jie W-Y (解文艳), Zhou H-P (周怀平), Yang Z-X (杨振兴), et al. Effect of different straw return modes on potassium balance and potassium pool in cinnamon soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2015, 21(4): 936-942 (in Chinese)
[10] Liu F (刘枫), Wu C-Z (吴传洲), Zhu K-B (朱克保), et al. Study on potassium strategy to maintain crop high yield and potassium balance in cropland under rice-wheat rotation systems. Soils (土壤), 2014, 46(2): 232-238 (in Chinese)
[11] Zhang L (张磊), Zhang W-L (张维乐), Lu J-W (鲁剑巍), et al. Study of optimum potassium reducing rate of rice, wheat and oilseed rape under different soil K supply levels with straw incorporation. Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学), 2017, 50(19): 3745-3756 (in Chinese)
[12] Chen Y (陈洋), Qi Y-B (齐雁冰), Wang Y-Y (王茵茵), et al. Spatial variability and factors affecting soil available potassium in the central Qinling-Daba mountain area. Research of Environmental Sciences (环境科学研究), 2017, 30(2): 257-266 (in Chinese)
[13] Hua K-K (花可可), Wang D-Z (王道中), Guo Z-B (郭志彬), et al. Effects of long-term fertilization on soil potassium utilization and budgeting in vertisol relative to application method. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2017, 54(4): 978-988 (in Chinese)
[14] Ji H-J (冀宏杰), Zhang H-Z (张怀志), Zhang W-L (张维理), et al. Farmland potassium balance in China: A review. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2017, 25(6): 920-930 (in Chinese)
[15] Luo W-J (罗为检), Wang K-L (王克林), Liu M (刘明), et al. Research progress on impact of land use and its patterns change on ecoenvironment. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2003, 11(2): 150-152 (in Chinese)
[16] Li J (李娟), Peng J-L (彭金灵), Kang J (康娟), et al. Effects of nitrogen-reduction on the soil profile nutrient distribution in paddy fields. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops (热带作物学报), 2012, 33(8): 1378-1383 (in Chinese)
[17] Wu C, Huang J, Minasny B, et al. Two-dimensional empirical mode decomposition of heavy metal spatial variation in agricultural soils, Southeast China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 2017, 24: 8302-8314
[18] Lu D, Li C, Sokolwski E, et al. Crop yield and soil available potassium changes as affected by potassium rate in rice-wheat systems. Field Crops Research, 2017, 214: 38-44
[19] Li Q-Q (李启权), Wang C-Q (王昌全), Zhang W-J (张文江), et al. Prediction of soil nutrients spatial distribution based on neural network model combined with goestatistics. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2013, 24(2): 459-466 (in Chinese)
[20] Yin Z-Y (殷志遥), Huang L (黄丽), Xue B (薛斌), et al. Effect of continuous straw incorporation on forms of potassium in the paddy soils. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2017, 48(2): 351-358 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhang H, Xu M, Ping Z, et al. Effect of 15-year-long fertilization on potassium quantity/intensity relationships in black soil in Northeastern China. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2011, 42: 1289-1297
[22] Wang F (王飞), Lin C (林诚), Li Q-H (李清华), et al. Increase effect of potassium supply and balance of yellow paddy soils through long-term different fertilization modes. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertili-zer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2017, 23(3): 669-677 (in Chinese)
[23] Liao Y-L (廖育林), Lu Y-H (鲁艳红), Xie J (谢坚), et al. Effects of long-term application of chemical potassium fertilizer and incorporation of rice straw on potassium supplying capacity of red soil in double cropping paddy field. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2017, 54(2): 456-467 (in Chinese)
[24] He P, Yang L, Xu X, et al. Temporal and spatial variation of soil available potassium in China (1990-2012). Field Crops Research, 2015, 173: 49-56
[25] Qin C (秦川), He B-H (何丙辉), Jiang X-J (蒋先军), et al. Soil nutrient characteristics of different land-use types in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Acta Pra-taculturae Sinica (草业学报), 2016, 25(9): 10-19 (in Chinese)
[26] Aa L-T (阿拉腾希胡日), Zeng X-B (曾希柏), Bai L-Y (白玲玉), et al. Effect of different land use on farmland soil nutrients. Research of Agricultural Modernization (农业现代化研究), 2010, 31(4): 492-495 (in Chinese)
[27] Zhao Z (赵忠), Li P (李鹏), Wang N-J (王乃江), et al. Distribution patterns of root systems of main planting tree species in Weibei Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2000, 11(1): 38-40 (in Chinese)
[28] Li S (李珊), Li Q-Q (李启权), Wang C-Q (王昌全), et al. Profile distribution of paddy soil organic carbon and its influencing factors in Chengdu Plain. Resources Science (资源科学), 2018, 40(7): 1397-1406 (in Chinese)
[29] Zhang H-L (张宏玲), Yu D-S (于东升), Wang N (王宁), et al. Comparative study of crop rotation systems and soil characteristic types influence on organic carbon density of the typical area in Chengdu. Soils (土壤), 2014, 46(3): 419-425 (in Chinese)
[30] Xu Y, Smith SE, Grunwald S, et al. Evaluating the effect of remote sensing image spatial resolution on soil exchangeable potassium prediction models in smallholder farm settings. Journal of Environmental Management, 2017, 200: 423-433
[31] Wang Q-A (王庆安), Tan T (谭婷), Yang M (杨渺), et al. Macroscopical analysis of chemical fertilizer application as one of the factors affecting environment of agricultural production in Sichuan Province. Sichuan Environment (四川环境), 2008, 27(6): 18-24 (in Chinese)
[32] Zhao H (赵欢), Gou J-L (芶久兰), Zhao L-X (赵伦学), et al. Analysis on status of soil potassium and the effects of potassium fertilizer in dryland soil in Guizhou. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer (植物营养与肥料学报), 2016, 22(1): 277-285 (in Chinese)
[33] Wang H-T (王宏庭), Jin J-Y (金继运), Wang B (王斌), et al. Effect of long-term potassium application and wheat straw return to cinnamon soil on wheat yields and soil potassium balance in Shanxi. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science (植物营养与肥料学报), 2010, 16(4): 801-808 (in Chinese)
[34] Yuan D-G (袁大刚), Fu S (付帅), Feng P (冯丕), et al. Soil fertility characteristics of urban green space among different ring road districts in west Chengdu. Soils (土壤), 2015, 47(1): 55-62 (in Chinese)
[35] Bao Y-X (包耀贤), Wu F-Q (吴发启), Liu L (刘莉), et al. Analysis on status of soil potassium and its influencing factors for terrace in Weibei dryland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2008, 22(1): 78-82 (in Chinese)
[36] Liu Y-C (刘禹池), Feng W-Q (冯文强), Qin Y-S (秦鱼生), et al. Effects of long-term fertilization and straw mulch on crop yields and soil fertility under rice-wheat rotation in Chengdu Plain. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报), 2015, 28(1): 240-247 (in Chinese)
[37] Pang J-L (庞奖励), Zhang W-Q (张卫青), Huang C-C (黄春长), et al. The influence of land use change on soil development and over the loess tablelands in the northern Weihe River Basin, China. Acta Geographica Sinica (地理学报), 2010, 65(7): 789-800 (in Chinese)
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