基于县域单元的广东省经济空间差异及演化研究
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摘要
基于1998—2016年广东省各县域单元的人均GDP值,利用全局空间自相关指数判断该省县域经济差异在空间上是否存在聚集特性,利用热点分析描述该省县域经济差异的集聚状态和精细空间分布特征,利用标准差椭圆揭示该省县域经济差异集聚状态的位置分布和演变过程。结果表明:1998—2016年,广东省县域经济发展差异整体上呈现先扩大后缩小的演化过程,2004年是其中重要的时间节点;广东省县域单元之间经济发展水平存在空间正相关性,具有明显的聚类特征,2004年之前经济集聚程度在增强,2004年之后经济聚集程度逐渐降低;考察期内,热点地区空间范围变化较小,主要涵盖珠江三角洲及其邻接外围区域,冷点地区空间范围变化较大,但主要集中在粤东地区;广东省县域经济发展水平的标准差椭圆主要表现为东北—西南方向,2005年后旋转角度逐步减小,呈现出向西、北方向的逆时针转动,粤西和粤北地区经济发展水平的相对发展速度上升,各县域单元经济发展水平的差距得到一定程度缓解。最后,针对协调广东省县域单元经济发展差异提出相关建议。
Research on the manifestations, causes and suggestions of regional economic development differences has always been an important part of regional economic disciplines. As one of the largest and fastest economic growth provinces in China, the difference of economic development level and the evolution of spatial pattern among different regions in Guangdong Province attract the attention. Taking county unit as the research sample can better reflect the fine characteristics of spatial difference of economic development level. Based on the per capita GDP of each county unit in Guangdong Province from 1998 to 2016, this paper uses the global Moran′s I to judge whether there are agglomeration characteristics of county economic disparities in Guangdong Province, to describe the agglomeration state and spatial distribution characteristics of county economic disparities in Guangdong Province by Getis-OrdGi~*, and to reveal the location, distribution and evolution of economic disparity agglomeration in Guangdong Province by standard deviation ellipse. The results show the development disparity of county economy in Guangdong province presents an evolution process that first expands and shrinks later, with the year of 2004 is an important time node; after 2005, the level of economic development in the Pearl River Delta region is still very high, but the economic growth rate has slowed down compared with other regions, and it is in the last level; the regions at the first level mainly concentrate on some counties and districts such as Zhanjiang, Shaoguan, Huizhou and Jieyang; there is a positive spatial correlation between the economic development levels of county units in Guangdong Province, which has obvious clustering characteristics. Before 2004, the degree of economic agglomeration increased, and the degree of economic agglomeration gradually decreased after 2004. During the investigation period, the spatial range of hot spots changed slightly, mainly covering the Pearl River Delta and its adjacent peripheral areas. The spatial range of cold spots changed greatly, but mainly concentrated in eastern Guangdong. The standard deviation ellipse of county economy in Guangdong Province was mainly in the northeast-southwest direction. After 2005, the rotation angle gradually decreased, showing a counterclockwise rotation to the west and north. The relative speed of the economic development level in western and northern Guangdong increased, and the disparity of the economic development level of each county unit was alleviated. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the differences of county economic development in Guangdong Province. The spatial structure of regional economy is an effective way to adjust the disparity of county economic development in Guangdong Province. The government should formulate targeted support policies for different county economic developments. Measures should be taken to promote the full mobility of various elements in space and industrial gradient cooperation in different regions of Guangdong Province.
Research on the manifestations, causes and suggestions of regional economic development differences has always been an important part of regional economic disciplines. As one of the largest and fastest economic growth provinces in China, the difference of economic development level and the evolution of spatial pattern among different regions in Guangdong Province attract the attention. Taking county unit as the research sample can better reflect the fine characteristics of spatial difference of economic development level. Based on the per capita GDP of each county unit in Guangdong Province from 1998 to 2016, this paper uses the global Moran′s I to judge whether there are agglomeration characteristics of county economic disparities in Guangdong Province, to describe the agglomeration state and spatial distribution characteristics of county economic disparities in Guangdong Province by Getis-OrdGi~*, and to reveal the location, distribution and evolution of economic disparity agglomeration in Guangdong Province by standard deviation ellipse. The results show the development disparity of county economy in Guangdong province presents an evolution process that first expands and shrinks later, with the year of 2004 is an important time node; after 2005, the level of economic development in the Pearl River Delta region is still very high, but the economic growth rate has slowed down compared with other regions, and it is in the last level; the regions at the first level mainly concentrate on some counties and districts such as Zhanjiang, Shaoguan, Huizhou and Jieyang; there is a positive spatial correlation between the economic development levels of county units in Guangdong Province, which has obvious clustering characteristics. Before 2004, the degree of economic agglomeration increased, and the degree of economic agglomeration gradually decreased after 2004. During the investigation period, the spatial range of hot spots changed slightly, mainly covering the Pearl River Delta and its adjacent peripheral areas. The spatial range of cold spots changed greatly, but mainly concentrated in eastern Guangdong. The standard deviation ellipse of county economy in Guangdong Province was mainly in the northeast-southwest direction. After 2005, the rotation angle gradually decreased, showing a counterclockwise rotation to the west and north. The relative speed of the economic development level in western and northern Guangdong increased, and the disparity of the economic development level of each county unit was alleviated. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the differences of county economic development in Guangdong Province. The spatial structure of regional economy is an effective way to adjust the disparity of county economic development in Guangdong Province. The government should formulate targeted support policies for different county economic developments. Measures should be taken to promote the full mobility of various elements in space and industrial gradient cooperation in different regions of Guangdong Province.
引文
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[22] 王世豪,王超.广东区域经济空间结构资源配置实证分析[J].国际经贸探索,2009,25(10):52-56.
[23] 刘昭云.广东区域经济发展差异评价与协调发展对策[J].经济地理,2010,30(5):723-727.
[24] 周春山,王晓珊,盛修深,等.1990年以来广东省县域经济差异研究[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(2):27-32.
[2] 李小建,乔家君.20世纪90年代中国县际经济差异的空间分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):136-145.
[3] 贺三维,王伟武,曾晨,等.中国区域发展时空格局变化分析及其预测[J].地理科学,2016,36(11):1622-1628.
[4] 蒋国富,刘长运.河南省县域经济的空间分异[J].经济地理,2008,28(4):636-639.
[5] 彭宝玉,覃成林.河南县域经济实力评价及空间差异分析[J].地域研究与开发,2007,26(1):45-49.
[6] 靳诚,陆玉麒.基于县域单元的江苏省经济空间格局演化[J].地理学报,2009,4(6):713-724.
[7] 曹芳东,吴江,徐敏.基于空间计量经济模型的县域经济发展差异研究:以江苏省为例[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(6):23-28.
[8] 柯文前,陆玉麒.基于县域的福建省经济空间格局演化[J].经济地理,2011,31(7):1081-1087.
[9] 方叶林,黄震方,陈文娣,等.2001—2010年安徽省县域经济空间演化[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(5):831-839.
[10] 周杜辉,李同昇,哈斯巴根.陕西省县域综合发展水平空间分异及对策研究[J].人文地理,2011,117(1):71-75.
[11] 李建豹,白永平,罗君,等.甘肃省县域经济差异变动的空间分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(3):391-395.
[12] 王晓玲,周国富.山西省县域经济发展差异的时空演化分析[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(3):32-37.
[13] 任家强,董琳瑛,汪景宽,等.基于空间统计分析的辽宁省县域经济空间差异研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(9):1435-1439.
[14] 赵磊,方成,丁烨.浙江省县域经济发展差异与空间极化研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(7):36-43.
[15] 陈翊,冯云廷,俞杨安安.浙江省县域经济格局的空间演化分析[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(3):16-21.
[16] 彭颖,陆玉麒.成渝经济区县域经济差异的空间分析[J].人文地理,2010,115(5):97-102.
[17] 桑秋,张平宇,高晓娜,等.辽中城市群县域综合发展水平差异的时空特征分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(2):150-155.
[18] 张宇硕,白永平,李慧.兰州—西宁城镇密集区县域经济差异的空间格局演化分析[J].经济地理,2011,31(2):183-188.
[19] 肖航,张明斗.县域经济发展水平的空间差异与空间集聚研究:基于重庆市的个案分析[J].西华师范大学学报:自然科学版,2018,39(2):202-209.
[20] 尹来盛,冯邦彦,李胜会.广东省区域发展差异及空间格局演变:兼论3种测度方法的比较[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(1):30-34.
[21] 薛声家,吴永新,陈浩.基于DEA有效性的广东经济发展地区差异分析[J].暨南学报:人文科学与社会科学版,2004,26(4):30-34.
[22] 王世豪,王超.广东区域经济空间结构资源配置实证分析[J].国际经贸探索,2009,25(10):52-56.
[23] 刘昭云.广东区域经济发展差异评价与协调发展对策[J].经济地理,2010,30(5):723-727.
[24] 周春山,王晓珊,盛修深,等.1990年以来广东省县域经济差异研究[J].地域研究与开发,2011,30(2):27-32.