长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局变化与关联性分析
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摘要
生态系统服务持续供给是人类社会可持续发展的重要基础。随着社会经济发展和人类生活品质的提高,综合考虑生态系统服务供给与人类需求,并纳入自然资源管理实践对我国生态文明建设至关重要。然而,目前的研究大多集中于生态系统服务供给研究,针对跨区域尺度的生态系统服务供需研究仍较薄弱。以我国跨区域的长江经济带为例,采用生态系统服务供给指数(ESPI)和土地开发指数(LDI),定量测度了生态系统服务的供给和需求,构建了生态系统服务供需指数(ESSDI),分析了长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局的时空变化规律及其区域特征,并利用皮尔逊相关系数和回归分析方法,定量探究了长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局的关联性及其区域差异。研究结果表明:(1)2015年长江经济带的生态系统服务供需格局区域差异明显,总体上呈现西部盈余东部超载的供需格局,其中生态系统服务供需格局状况较好和状况好的区域面积比例较高,占长江经济带总面积的69.45%。(2)长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局空间失衡现象较为突出,长江经济带55.36%的GDP和31.41%的人口均集中在7%生态系统服务供需状况差的区域。2000—2015年期间,长江经济带实施了系列生态保护与修复工程,生态系统服务供需状况趋向变好,生态系统服务供需状况好的县域增加了43个,供需状况差的县域减少了58个;长江经济带上游和中游地区生态系统服务供需状况比下游地区提升幅度大。(3)长江经济带生态系统服务供给和需求整体上呈现负相关。生态系统服务的供需关系存在区域差异。在经济快速增长和土地集约开发的下游地区,生态系统服务供需负相关关系斜率较大。随着ESPI的变化,下游LDI的变化幅度大于欠发达的上游和中游地区。研究结果可为长江经济带生态系统管理和政策制定提供参考。
The continuous ecosystem services supply is an important foundation of the sustainable development of human society. With the development of the economy and the improvement in human life quality, a comprehensive consideration of the ecosystem service supply and human demand, and integrating them into natural resource management practices are vitally important to the China′s ecological civilization construction. However, most of the current studies focused on the supply of ecosystem services, and few studies did on the supply and demand of ecosystem services across regional scales. Taking the cross-regional Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example, the ecosystem services provision index(ESPI) and the land development index(LDI) were used to quantify the supply and demand of ecosystem services, and the ecosystem service supply and demand index(ESSDI) was proposed to analyze the spatiotemporal variation patterns and regional characteristics of the ecosystem service supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis method were used to quantify and explore the correlation and regional differences in ecosystem service supply-demand patterns in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that:(1) there was a significant difference of ecosystem services supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2015, which was overloaded in the east and surplus in the west. The proportion of areas was the highest where the supply-demand patterns was better or best, accounting for 69.45% of the total area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.(2) The spatial imbalance of the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was obvious. 55.36% of the GDP and 31.41% of the population were concentrated in 7% of the areas where the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern was bad. A series of ecological protection and restoration projects in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were implemented during 2000—2015, which made the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern become better. The number of counties with a good supply-demand pattern increased by 43, meanwhile, the number of counties with a bad supply-demand pattern decreased by 58. Compared with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem services in the upper and middle reaches was greatly improved.(3) The supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were negatively correlated. There were regional differences in the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services. In the lower reaches where there was rapid economic growth and intensive land development, the slope of negative correlation between supply and demand of ecosystem services was larger. With the change of ESPI, the magnitude of variability of LDI was greater in the lower reaches than that in the underdeveloped upper and middle reaches. These results can provide references for ecosystem management and policy formulation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
The continuous ecosystem services supply is an important foundation of the sustainable development of human society. With the development of the economy and the improvement in human life quality, a comprehensive consideration of the ecosystem service supply and human demand, and integrating them into natural resource management practices are vitally important to the China′s ecological civilization construction. However, most of the current studies focused on the supply of ecosystem services, and few studies did on the supply and demand of ecosystem services across regional scales. Taking the cross-regional Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example, the ecosystem services provision index(ESPI) and the land development index(LDI) were used to quantify the supply and demand of ecosystem services, and the ecosystem service supply and demand index(ESSDI) was proposed to analyze the spatiotemporal variation patterns and regional characteristics of the ecosystem service supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis method were used to quantify and explore the correlation and regional differences in ecosystem service supply-demand patterns in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The results showed that:(1) there was a significant difference of ecosystem services supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2015, which was overloaded in the east and surplus in the west. The proportion of areas was the highest where the supply-demand patterns was better or best, accounting for 69.45% of the total area of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.(2) The spatial imbalance of the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was obvious. 55.36% of the GDP and 31.41% of the population were concentrated in 7% of the areas where the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern was bad. A series of ecological protection and restoration projects in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were implemented during 2000—2015, which made the ecosystem services supply-demand pattern become better. The number of counties with a good supply-demand pattern increased by 43, meanwhile, the number of counties with a bad supply-demand pattern decreased by 58. Compared with the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem services in the upper and middle reaches was greatly improved.(3) The supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were negatively correlated. There were regional differences in the supply and demand relationship of ecosystem services. In the lower reaches where there was rapid economic growth and intensive land development, the slope of negative correlation between supply and demand of ecosystem services was larger. With the change of ESPI, the magnitude of variability of LDI was greater in the lower reaches than that in the underdeveloped upper and middle reaches. These results can provide references for ecosystem management and policy formulation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
引文
[1] 郑华,李屹峰,欧阳志云,罗跃初.生态系统服务功能管理研究进展.生态学报,2013,33(3):702- 710.
[2] 张玲玲,巩杰,张影.基于文献计量分析的生态系统服务研究现状及热点.生态学报,2016,36(18):5967- 5977.
[3] 李文华,张彪,谢高地.中国生态系统服务研究的回顾与展望.自然资源学报,2009,24(1):1- 10.
[4] 严岩,朱捷缘,吴钢,詹云军.生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展.生态学报,2017,37(8):2489- 2496.
[5] 戴尔阜,王晓莉,朱建佳,高江波.生态系统服务权衡/协同研究进展与趋势展望.地球科学进展,2015,30(11):1250- 1259.
[6] 李双成,刘金龙,张才玉,赵志强.生态系统服务研究动态及地理学研究范式.地理学报,2011,66(12):1618- 1630.
[7] 张立伟,傅伯杰.生态系统服务制图研究进展.生态学报,2014,34(2):316- 325.
[8] 马琳,刘浩,彭建,吴健生.生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展.地理学报,2017,72(7):1277- 1289.
[9] Kumar P.The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity:Ecological and Economic Foundations.London,Washington,DC:Earthscan,2010.
[10] 彭建,胡晓旭,赵明月,刘焱序,田璐.生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策.地理学报,2017,72(6):960- 973.
[11] Nedkov S,Burkhard B.Flood regulating ecosystem services—mapping supply and demand,in the Etropole municipality,Bulgaria.Ecological Indicators,2012,21:67- 79.
[12] Baró F,Haase D,Gómez-Baggethun E,Frantzeskaki N.Mismatches between ecosystem services supply and demand in urban areas:A quantitative assessment in five European cities.Ecological Indicators,2015,55:146- 158.
[13] Peňa L,Casado-Arzuaga I,Onaindia M.Mapping recreation supply and demand using an ecological and a social evaluation approach.Ecosystem Services,2015,13:108- 118.
[14] Burkhard B,Kroll F,Nedkov S,Müller F.Mapping ecosystem service supply,demand and budgets.Ecological Indicators,2012,21:17- 29.
[15] 谢高地,曹淑艳,鲁春霞,肖玉,章予舒.中国的生态服务消费与生态债务研究.自然资源学报,2010,25(1):43- 51.
[16] Schulp C J E,Lautenbach S,Verburg P H.Quantifying and mapping ecosystem services:demand and supply of pollination in the European Union.Ecological Indicators,2014,36:131- 141.
[17] Palomo I,Martín-López B,Potschin M,Haines-Young R,Montes C.National Parks,buffer zones and surrounding lands:mapping ecosystem service flows.Ecosystem Services,2013,4:104- 116.
[18] Larondelle N,Lauf S.Balancing demand and supply of multiple urban ecosystem services on different spatial scales.Ecosystem Services,2016,22:18- 31.
[19] Boithias L,Acuňa V,Vergoňós L,Ziv G,Marcé R,Sabater S.Assessment of the water supply:demand ratios in a Mediterranean basin under different global change scenarios and mitigation alternatives.Science of the Total Environment,2014,470:567- 577.
[20] 陈雯,孙伟,吴加伟,陈诚,闫东升.长江经济带开发与保护空间格局构建及其分析路径.地理科学进展,2015,34(11):1388- 1397.
[21] 方创琳,周成虎,王振波.长江经济带城市群可持续发展战略问题与分级梯度发展重点.地理科学进展,2015,34(11):1398- 1408.
[22] 王静.土地生态管护研究范式及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2015.
[23] Wang J,Lin Y F,Zhai T L,He T,Qi Y,Jin Z F,Cai Y M.The role of human activity in decreasing ecologically sound land use in China.Land Degradation & Development,2018,29(3):446- 460.
[24] Schr?ter M,Barton D N,Remme R P,Hein L.Accounting for capacity and flow of ecosystem services:a conceptual model and a case study for Telemark,Norway.Ecological Indicators,2014,36:539- 551.
[25] Villamagna A M,Angermeier P L,Bennett E M.Capacity,pressure,demand,and flow:a conceptual framework for analyzing ecosystem service provision and delivery.Ecological Complexity,2013,15:114- 121.
[26] Geijzendorffer I R,Martín-López B,Roche P K.Improving the identification of mismatches in ecosystem services assessments.Ecological Indicators,2015,52:320- 331.
[27] 彭建,杨旸,谢盼,刘焱序.基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区.生态学报,2017,37(13):4562- 4572.
[28] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,肖玉,鲁春霞.中国生态系统服务的价值.资源科学,2015,37(9):1740- 1746.
[29] 樊敏,李富程,郭亚琳,王青.退耕还林对岷江上游高山聚落区生态服务价值变化的影响.山地学报,2016,34(3):356- 365.
[30] 陶蕴之,吕一河,李凤全,胡健,张琨,李婷,任艳姣.西南天然林保护工程区生态成效评估.生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):716- 723.
[31] Xu X B,Tan Y,Yang G S,Li H P,Su W Z.Impacts of China′s Three Gorges Dam Project on net primary productivity in the reservoir area.Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(22):4656- 4662.
[32] 李国平,石涵予.退耕还林生态补偿与县域经济增长的关系分析——基于拉姆塞-卡斯-库普曼宏观增长模型.资源科学,2017,39(9):1712- 1724.
[33] 陆大道.中速增长:中国经济的可持续发展.地理科学,2015,35(10):1207- 1219.
[34] 金贵,邓祥征,赵晓东,郭柏枢,杨俊.2005—2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率时空格局特征.地理学报,2018,73(7):1242- 1252.
[35] 王磊,蔡运龙.人口密度的空间降尺度分析与模拟——以贵州猫跳河流域为例.地理科学进展,2011,30(5):635- 640.
[36] 石垚,王如松,黄锦楼,阳文锐.中国陆地生态系统服务功能的时空变化分析.科学通报,2012,57(9):720- 731.
[37] 严恩萍,林辉,王广兴,夏朝宗.1990—2011年三峡库区生态系统服务价值演变及驱动力.生态学报,2014,34(20):5962- 5973.
[38] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,徐玉婷.2000—2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894- 901.
[39] 赵亚莉,刘友兆,龙开胜.城市土地开发强度变化的生态环境效应.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(7):23- 29.
[40] Wang J,He T,Lin Y F.Changes in ecological,agricultural,and urban land space in 1984- 2012 in China:land policies and regional social-economical drivers.Habitat International,2018,71:1- 13.
[41] 邓友维.西部地区退耕还林对农户经济影响的实证研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[42] Wang J,Lin Y F,Glendinning A,Xu Y Q.Land-use changes and land policies evolution in China′s urbanization processes.Land Use Policy,2018,75:375- 387.
[43] 邓玲,李凡.如何从生态文明破题长江经济带——长江生态文明建设示范带的实现路径和方法.人民论坛·学术前沿,2016,(1):52- 59.
[2] 张玲玲,巩杰,张影.基于文献计量分析的生态系统服务研究现状及热点.生态学报,2016,36(18):5967- 5977.
[3] 李文华,张彪,谢高地.中国生态系统服务研究的回顾与展望.自然资源学报,2009,24(1):1- 10.
[4] 严岩,朱捷缘,吴钢,詹云军.生态系统服务需求、供给和消费研究进展.生态学报,2017,37(8):2489- 2496.
[5] 戴尔阜,王晓莉,朱建佳,高江波.生态系统服务权衡/协同研究进展与趋势展望.地球科学进展,2015,30(11):1250- 1259.
[6] 李双成,刘金龙,张才玉,赵志强.生态系统服务研究动态及地理学研究范式.地理学报,2011,66(12):1618- 1630.
[7] 张立伟,傅伯杰.生态系统服务制图研究进展.生态学报,2014,34(2):316- 325.
[8] 马琳,刘浩,彭建,吴健生.生态系统服务供给和需求研究进展.地理学报,2017,72(7):1277- 1289.
[9] Kumar P.The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity:Ecological and Economic Foundations.London,Washington,DC:Earthscan,2010.
[10] 彭建,胡晓旭,赵明月,刘焱序,田璐.生态系统服务权衡研究进展:从认知到决策.地理学报,2017,72(6):960- 973.
[11] Nedkov S,Burkhard B.Flood regulating ecosystem services—mapping supply and demand,in the Etropole municipality,Bulgaria.Ecological Indicators,2012,21:67- 79.
[12] Baró F,Haase D,Gómez-Baggethun E,Frantzeskaki N.Mismatches between ecosystem services supply and demand in urban areas:A quantitative assessment in five European cities.Ecological Indicators,2015,55:146- 158.
[13] Peňa L,Casado-Arzuaga I,Onaindia M.Mapping recreation supply and demand using an ecological and a social evaluation approach.Ecosystem Services,2015,13:108- 118.
[14] Burkhard B,Kroll F,Nedkov S,Müller F.Mapping ecosystem service supply,demand and budgets.Ecological Indicators,2012,21:17- 29.
[15] 谢高地,曹淑艳,鲁春霞,肖玉,章予舒.中国的生态服务消费与生态债务研究.自然资源学报,2010,25(1):43- 51.
[16] Schulp C J E,Lautenbach S,Verburg P H.Quantifying and mapping ecosystem services:demand and supply of pollination in the European Union.Ecological Indicators,2014,36:131- 141.
[17] Palomo I,Martín-López B,Potschin M,Haines-Young R,Montes C.National Parks,buffer zones and surrounding lands:mapping ecosystem service flows.Ecosystem Services,2013,4:104- 116.
[18] Larondelle N,Lauf S.Balancing demand and supply of multiple urban ecosystem services on different spatial scales.Ecosystem Services,2016,22:18- 31.
[19] Boithias L,Acuňa V,Vergoňós L,Ziv G,Marcé R,Sabater S.Assessment of the water supply:demand ratios in a Mediterranean basin under different global change scenarios and mitigation alternatives.Science of the Total Environment,2014,470:567- 577.
[20] 陈雯,孙伟,吴加伟,陈诚,闫东升.长江经济带开发与保护空间格局构建及其分析路径.地理科学进展,2015,34(11):1388- 1397.
[21] 方创琳,周成虎,王振波.长江经济带城市群可持续发展战略问题与分级梯度发展重点.地理科学进展,2015,34(11):1398- 1408.
[22] 王静.土地生态管护研究范式及其应用.北京:地质出版社,2015.
[23] Wang J,Lin Y F,Zhai T L,He T,Qi Y,Jin Z F,Cai Y M.The role of human activity in decreasing ecologically sound land use in China.Land Degradation & Development,2018,29(3):446- 460.
[24] Schr?ter M,Barton D N,Remme R P,Hein L.Accounting for capacity and flow of ecosystem services:a conceptual model and a case study for Telemark,Norway.Ecological Indicators,2014,36:539- 551.
[25] Villamagna A M,Angermeier P L,Bennett E M.Capacity,pressure,demand,and flow:a conceptual framework for analyzing ecosystem service provision and delivery.Ecological Complexity,2013,15:114- 121.
[26] Geijzendorffer I R,Martín-López B,Roche P K.Improving the identification of mismatches in ecosystem services assessments.Ecological Indicators,2015,52:320- 331.
[27] 彭建,杨旸,谢盼,刘焱序.基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区.生态学报,2017,37(13):4562- 4572.
[28] 谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,肖玉,鲁春霞.中国生态系统服务的价值.资源科学,2015,37(9):1740- 1746.
[29] 樊敏,李富程,郭亚琳,王青.退耕还林对岷江上游高山聚落区生态服务价值变化的影响.山地学报,2016,34(3):356- 365.
[30] 陶蕴之,吕一河,李凤全,胡健,张琨,李婷,任艳姣.西南天然林保护工程区生态成效评估.生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):716- 723.
[31] Xu X B,Tan Y,Yang G S,Li H P,Su W Z.Impacts of China′s Three Gorges Dam Project on net primary productivity in the reservoir area.Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(22):4656- 4662.
[32] 李国平,石涵予.退耕还林生态补偿与县域经济增长的关系分析——基于拉姆塞-卡斯-库普曼宏观增长模型.资源科学,2017,39(9):1712- 1724.
[33] 陆大道.中速增长:中国经济的可持续发展.地理科学,2015,35(10):1207- 1219.
[34] 金贵,邓祥征,赵晓东,郭柏枢,杨俊.2005—2014年长江经济带城市土地利用效率时空格局特征.地理学报,2018,73(7):1242- 1252.
[35] 王磊,蔡运龙.人口密度的空间降尺度分析与模拟——以贵州猫跳河流域为例.地理科学进展,2011,30(5):635- 640.
[36] 石垚,王如松,黄锦楼,阳文锐.中国陆地生态系统服务功能的时空变化分析.科学通报,2012,57(9):720- 731.
[37] 严恩萍,林辉,王广兴,夏朝宗.1990—2011年三峡库区生态系统服务价值演变及驱动力.生态学报,2014,34(20):5962- 5973.
[38] 程建,程久苗,吴九兴,徐玉婷.2000—2010年长江流域土地利用变化与生态系统服务功能变化.长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(6):894- 901.
[39] 赵亚莉,刘友兆,龙开胜.城市土地开发强度变化的生态环境效应.中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(7):23- 29.
[40] Wang J,He T,Lin Y F.Changes in ecological,agricultural,and urban land space in 1984- 2012 in China:land policies and regional social-economical drivers.Habitat International,2018,71:1- 13.
[41] 邓友维.西部地区退耕还林对农户经济影响的实证研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2014.
[42] Wang J,Lin Y F,Glendinning A,Xu Y Q.Land-use changes and land policies evolution in China′s urbanization processes.Land Use Policy,2018,75:375- 387.
[43] 邓玲,李凡.如何从生态文明破题长江经济带——长江生态文明建设示范带的实现路径和方法.人民论坛·学术前沿,2016,(1):52- 59.