宁夏荒漠草原不同植物群落微斑块内土壤微生物区系特征
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摘要
植物群落斑块化是天然放牧草地最基本的特征之一.为探索植物群落斑块化对土壤微生物群落组成及多样性的影响,本研究以宁夏荒漠草原为研究对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法对比分析了不同植物群落微斑块内土壤微生物生物量和群落结构特征的变化.结果表明:1) 4种植物群落微斑块内土壤微生物种类丰富,且都表现为细菌含量最高,真菌和放线菌含量较少,革兰氏阳性菌含量高于革兰氏阴性菌;2) 4种植物群落中,甘草微斑块的土壤微生物总量显著高于猪毛蒿、苦豆子和黄芪;3)冗余分析表明,磷脂脂肪酸总量、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌、厌氧菌、真菌/细菌均与土壤有机碳呈显著正相关,与pH呈显著负相关,表明土壤有机碳、pH是荒漠草原土壤微生物生长和发育的重要影响因素.
Vegetation patch is one of the most basic characteristics of natural grazing grassland. To explore the effects of vegetation patch on soil microbial community, the changes of soil microbial biomass and community structure under four different vegetation patches in Ningxia desert steppe were quantified using phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) analysis. The results showed that: 1) Soil microbial groups were abundant in vegetation patches, with the highest bacterial content, low fungal and actinomycete content, and the Gram-positive bacteria content being higher than that of Gram-negative bacteria in the patches of the four plant communities; 2) The total soil microbial biomass of Glycyrrhiza uralensis patch was significantly higher than that of Artemisia scoparia, Sophora alopecuroides, and Astragalus melilotoides patches; 3) Total PLFAs, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, anaerobic bacteria and fungi/bacteria were significantly positively correlated with soil organic C, and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, indicating that soil organic C and pH were important factors affecting the growth and development of soil microorganisms in desert steppe.
Vegetation patch is one of the most basic characteristics of natural grazing grassland. To explore the effects of vegetation patch on soil microbial community, the changes of soil microbial biomass and community structure under four different vegetation patches in Ningxia desert steppe were quantified using phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) analysis. The results showed that: 1) Soil microbial groups were abundant in vegetation patches, with the highest bacterial content, low fungal and actinomycete content, and the Gram-positive bacteria content being higher than that of Gram-negative bacteria in the patches of the four plant communities; 2) The total soil microbial biomass of Glycyrrhiza uralensis patch was significantly higher than that of Artemisia scoparia, Sophora alopecuroides, and Astragalus melilotoides patches; 3) Total PLFAs, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, anaerobic bacteria and fungi/bacteria were significantly positively correlated with soil organic C, and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH, indicating that soil organic C and pH were important factors affecting the growth and development of soil microorganisms in desert steppe.
引文
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[3] Zhang W-G (张卫国),Huang W-B (黄文冰),Yang Z-Y (杨振宇).The study on the relationship between mini-patch and degradation of pasture.Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报),2003,12(3):44-50 (in Chinese)
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[8] Klironomos JN.Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities.Nature,2002,417:67-70
[9] Pivato B,Mazurier S,Lemanceau P,et al.Medicago species affect the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with roots.New Phytologist,2010,176:197-210
[10] Wolfe BE,Klironomos JN.Breaking new ground:Soil communities and exotic plant invasion.Bioscience,2005,55:477-487
[11] Zhou L-X (周丽霞),Ding M-M (丁明懋).Soil microbial characteristics as bioindicators of soil health.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2007,15(2):162-171 (in Chinese)
[12] Bai Z (白震),He H-B (何红波),Zhang W (张威),et al.PLFAs technique and its application in the study of soil microbiology.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2006,26(7):2387-2394 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhao Y-N (赵亚楠),Zhou Y-R (周玉蓉),Wang H-M (王红梅).Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content under introduced shrub (Caragana korshinskii) in desert grassland of the eastern Ningxia,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(11):3577-3586 (in Chinese)
[14] Bao S-D (鲍士旦).Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.3rd Ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000 (in Chinese)
[15] Bossio DA,Fleck JA,Scow KM,et al.Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2006,38:1223-1233
[16] Kong AYY,Scow KM,Córdova-Kreylos AL,et al.Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional,low-input,and organic cropping systems.Soil Biology & Bio-chemistry,2011,43:20-30
[17] Larkin RP.Characterization of soil microbial communities under different potato cropping systems by microbial population dynamics,substrate utilization,and fatty acid profiles.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2003,35:1451-1466
[18] Zelles L.Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterization of microbial communities in soil:A review.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,29:111-129
[19] Frosteg?rd ?,B??th E.The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22:59-65
[20] Kieft TL,Wilch E,O’Connor,K.Survival and phospholipid fatty acid profiles of surface and subsurface bacteria in natural sediment microcosms.Applied & Environmental Microbiology,1997,63:1531-1542
[21] Ringelberg DB,Stair JO,Almeida J,et al.Consequences of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the belowground microbiota associated with white oak.Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26:495-503
[22] Madan R,Pankhurst C,Hawke B,et al.Use of fatty acids for identification of AM fungi and estimation of the biomass of AM spores in soil.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34:125-128
[23] White DC.Biomass measurements:Biochemical approaches// White DC,Pinkart HC,Ringelberg DB,eds.Manual of Environmental Microbiology,Washington DC:American Society for Microbiology Press,1997:91-101
[24] Pinkart HC,Ringelberg DB,Piceno YM,et al.Biochemical approaches to biomass measurements and community structure analysis// Pinkart HC,Ringelberg DB,Piceno YM,eds.Manual of Environmental Microbiology,Washington DC:American Society for Microbio-logy Press,2002:101-113
[25] Wang X,Yu S,Zhou L,et al.Soil microbial characteri-stics and the influencing factors in subtropical forests.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36:8-15
[26] Kumar CM,Ghoshal N.Impact of land-use change on soil microbial community composition and organic carbon content in the dry tropics.Pedosphere,2017,27:974-977
[27] Yi Z-G (易志刚),Yi W-M (蚁伟民),Zhou L-X (周丽霞),et al.Soil microbial biomass of the main forests in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve.Ecology and Environment (生态环境),2005,14(5):727-729 (in Chinese)
[28] Yao T (姚拓),Wang G (王刚),Zhang D-G (张德罡),et al.Temporal changes of grassland vegetation,soil and soil microbial population in the Tianzhu alpine region.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2006,26(6):1926-1932 (in Chinese)
[29] Xiao HL,Zheng XJ.Effects of plant diversity on soil microbes.Soil & Environmental Sciences,2001,10:238-241
[30] He J-Z (贺纪正),Ge Y (葛源).Recent advances in soil microbial biogeography.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2008,28(11):5571-5582 (in Chinese)
[31] Bi J-T (毕江涛),He D-H (贺达汉).Research advances in effects of plant on soil microbial diversity.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报),2009,25(9):244-250 (in Chinese)
[32] Ma S-Q (马书琴),Wang X-D (王小丹),Wang H (王荷),et al.Phospholipid fatty acids fingerprint of different grassland soils in north Tibet and their relationship with chemical properties.Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报),2017,26(9):1480-1487 (in Chinese)
[33] Wu Z-Y (吴则焰),Lin W-X (林文雄),Chen Z-F (陈志芳),et al.Characteristics of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve,East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(8):2301-2309 (in Chinese)
[34] Luo D (罗达),Shi Z-M (史作民),Tang J-C (唐敬超),et al.Soil microbial community structure of monoculture and mixed plantation stands of native tree species in south subtropical China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(9):2543-2550 (in Chinese)
[35] Wang F (汪峰),Jiang Y-J (蒋瑀霁),Li C-M (李昌明),et al.Changes of soil microbial communities in Chao soil under different climate conditions.Soils (土壤),2014,46(2):290-296 (in Chinese)
[36] Jiang H-Y (姜海燕),Yan W (闫伟),Li X-T (李晓彤),et al.The diversity of soil microorganism under different vegetations of Larix gmelinii forest in great Xingan Mountains.Microbiology China (微生物学通报),2010,37(2):186-190 (in Chinese)
[37] Zhong W-H (钟文辉),Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪).Effect of soil management practices and environmental factors on soil microbial diversity:A review.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2004,12(4):456-465 (in Chinese)
[38] Zhang D (张地),Zhang Y-X (张育新),Qu L-Y (曲来叶),et al.Effects of altitude on soil microbial community in Quercus liaotungensis forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2012,23(8):2041-2048 (in Chinese)
[39] Clark JS,Campbell JH,Grizzle H,et al.Soil microbial community response to drought and precipitation variability in the Chihuahuan Desert.Microbial Ecology,2009,57:248-260
[40] Hackl E,Pfeffer M,Donat C,et al.Composition of the microbial communities in the mineral soil under different types of natural forest.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37:661-671
[41] H?gberg MN,H?gberg P,Myrold DD.Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH,C-to-N ratio,the trees,or all three?Oecologia,2007,150:590-601
[42] Xue L (薛立),Kuang L-G (邝立刚),Chen H-Y (陈红跃),et al.Soil nutrients,microorganisms and enzyme activities of different stands.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报),2003,40(2):280-285 (in Chinese)
[43] Cao Y,Fu S,Zou X,et al.Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus plantations of different age in subtropical China.European Journal of Soil Biology,2010,46:128-135
[44] Han S-Z (韩世忠),Gao R (高人),Li A-P (李爱萍),et al.Soil microbial community structure of two types of forests in the mid-subtropics of China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(7):2151-2158 (in Chinese)
[45] Gude A,Kandeler E,Gleixner G.Input related microbial carbon dynamic of soil organic matter in particle size fractions.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2012,47:209-219
[46] Grandy AS,Strickland MS,Lauber CL,et al.The influence of microbial communities,management,and soil texture on soil organic matter chemistry.Geoderma,2009,150:278-286
[2] Wu J-G (邬建国).Paradigm shift in ecology:An overview.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),1996,16(5):449-459 (in Chinese)
[3] Zhang W-G (张卫国),Huang W-B (黄文冰),Yang Z-Y (杨振宇).The study on the relationship between mini-patch and degradation of pasture.Acta Prataculturae Sinica (草业学报),2003,12(3):44-50 (in Chinese)
[4] Wu Y-N (乌云娜),Lu W-T (雒文涛),Huo G-W (霍光伟),et al.Micro-scale spatial heterogeneity of vegetation community and soil organic matter under different grazing intensities.Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠),2012,32(4):972-979 (in Chinese)
[5] Yu S (于树),Wang J-K (汪景宽),Li S-Y (李双异).Effect of long-term fertilization on soil microbial community structure in corn field with the method of PLFA.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2008,28(9):4221-4227 (in Chinese)
[6] Gross KL,Pregitzer KS,Burton AJ.Spatial variation in nitrogen availability in three successional plant communities.Journal of Ecology,1995,83:357-367
[7] Wang H-T (王海涛),He X-D (何兴东),Gao Y-B (高玉葆),et al.Density in Artemisia ordosica successional community in response to spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture and organic matter.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2007,31(6):1145-1153 (in Chinese)
[8] Klironomos JN.Feedback with soil biota contributes to plant rarity and invasiveness in communities.Nature,2002,417:67-70
[9] Pivato B,Mazurier S,Lemanceau P,et al.Medicago species affect the community composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with roots.New Phytologist,2010,176:197-210
[10] Wolfe BE,Klironomos JN.Breaking new ground:Soil communities and exotic plant invasion.Bioscience,2005,55:477-487
[11] Zhou L-X (周丽霞),Ding M-M (丁明懋).Soil microbial characteristics as bioindicators of soil health.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2007,15(2):162-171 (in Chinese)
[12] Bai Z (白震),He H-B (何红波),Zhang W (张威),et al.PLFAs technique and its application in the study of soil microbiology.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2006,26(7):2387-2394 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhao Y-N (赵亚楠),Zhou Y-R (周玉蓉),Wang H-M (王红梅).Spatial heterogeneity of soil water content under introduced shrub (Caragana korshinskii) in desert grassland of the eastern Ningxia,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(11):3577-3586 (in Chinese)
[14] Bao S-D (鲍士旦).Soil and Agricultural Chemistry Analysis.3rd Ed.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000 (in Chinese)
[15] Bossio DA,Fleck JA,Scow KM,et al.Alteration of soil microbial communities and water quality in restored wetlands.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2006,38:1223-1233
[16] Kong AYY,Scow KM,Córdova-Kreylos AL,et al.Microbial community composition and carbon cycling within soil microenvironments of conventional,low-input,and organic cropping systems.Soil Biology & Bio-chemistry,2011,43:20-30
[17] Larkin RP.Characterization of soil microbial communities under different potato cropping systems by microbial population dynamics,substrate utilization,and fatty acid profiles.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2003,35:1451-1466
[18] Zelles L.Fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides in the characterization of microbial communities in soil:A review.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1999,29:111-129
[19] Frosteg?rd ?,B??th E.The use of phospholipid fatty acid analysis to estimate bacterial and fungal biomass in soil.Biology and Fertility of Soils,1996,22:59-65
[20] Kieft TL,Wilch E,O’Connor,K.Survival and phospholipid fatty acid profiles of surface and subsurface bacteria in natural sediment microcosms.Applied & Environmental Microbiology,1997,63:1531-1542
[21] Ringelberg DB,Stair JO,Almeida J,et al.Consequences of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the belowground microbiota associated with white oak.Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26:495-503
[22] Madan R,Pankhurst C,Hawke B,et al.Use of fatty acids for identification of AM fungi and estimation of the biomass of AM spores in soil.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2002,34:125-128
[23] White DC.Biomass measurements:Biochemical approaches// White DC,Pinkart HC,Ringelberg DB,eds.Manual of Environmental Microbiology,Washington DC:American Society for Microbiology Press,1997:91-101
[24] Pinkart HC,Ringelberg DB,Piceno YM,et al.Biochemical approaches to biomass measurements and community structure analysis// Pinkart HC,Ringelberg DB,Piceno YM,eds.Manual of Environmental Microbiology,Washington DC:American Society for Microbio-logy Press,2002:101-113
[25] Wang X,Yu S,Zhou L,et al.Soil microbial characteri-stics and the influencing factors in subtropical forests.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36:8-15
[26] Kumar CM,Ghoshal N.Impact of land-use change on soil microbial community composition and organic carbon content in the dry tropics.Pedosphere,2017,27:974-977
[27] Yi Z-G (易志刚),Yi W-M (蚁伟民),Zhou L-X (周丽霞),et al.Soil microbial biomass of the main forests in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve.Ecology and Environment (生态环境),2005,14(5):727-729 (in Chinese)
[28] Yao T (姚拓),Wang G (王刚),Zhang D-G (张德罡),et al.Temporal changes of grassland vegetation,soil and soil microbial population in the Tianzhu alpine region.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2006,26(6):1926-1932 (in Chinese)
[29] Xiao HL,Zheng XJ.Effects of plant diversity on soil microbes.Soil & Environmental Sciences,2001,10:238-241
[30] He J-Z (贺纪正),Ge Y (葛源).Recent advances in soil microbial biogeography.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2008,28(11):5571-5582 (in Chinese)
[31] Bi J-T (毕江涛),He D-H (贺达汉).Research advances in effects of plant on soil microbial diversity.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报),2009,25(9):244-250 (in Chinese)
[32] Ma S-Q (马书琴),Wang X-D (王小丹),Wang H (王荷),et al.Phospholipid fatty acids fingerprint of different grassland soils in north Tibet and their relationship with chemical properties.Ecology and Environmental Sciences (生态环境学报),2017,26(9):1480-1487 (in Chinese)
[33] Wu Z-Y (吴则焰),Lin W-X (林文雄),Chen Z-F (陈志芳),et al.Characteristics of soil microbial community under different vegetation types in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve,East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2013,24(8):2301-2309 (in Chinese)
[34] Luo D (罗达),Shi Z-M (史作民),Tang J-C (唐敬超),et al.Soil microbial community structure of monoculture and mixed plantation stands of native tree species in south subtropical China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(9):2543-2550 (in Chinese)
[35] Wang F (汪峰),Jiang Y-J (蒋瑀霁),Li C-M (李昌明),et al.Changes of soil microbial communities in Chao soil under different climate conditions.Soils (土壤),2014,46(2):290-296 (in Chinese)
[36] Jiang H-Y (姜海燕),Yan W (闫伟),Li X-T (李晓彤),et al.The diversity of soil microorganism under different vegetations of Larix gmelinii forest in great Xingan Mountains.Microbiology China (微生物学通报),2010,37(2):186-190 (in Chinese)
[37] Zhong W-H (钟文辉),Cai Z-C (蔡祖聪).Effect of soil management practices and environmental factors on soil microbial diversity:A review.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2004,12(4):456-465 (in Chinese)
[38] Zhang D (张地),Zhang Y-X (张育新),Qu L-Y (曲来叶),et al.Effects of altitude on soil microbial community in Quercus liaotungensis forest.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2012,23(8):2041-2048 (in Chinese)
[39] Clark JS,Campbell JH,Grizzle H,et al.Soil microbial community response to drought and precipitation variability in the Chihuahuan Desert.Microbial Ecology,2009,57:248-260
[40] Hackl E,Pfeffer M,Donat C,et al.Composition of the microbial communities in the mineral soil under different types of natural forest.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37:661-671
[41] H?gberg MN,H?gberg P,Myrold DD.Is microbial community composition in boreal forest soils determined by pH,C-to-N ratio,the trees,or all three?Oecologia,2007,150:590-601
[42] Xue L (薛立),Kuang L-G (邝立刚),Chen H-Y (陈红跃),et al.Soil nutrients,microorganisms and enzyme activities of different stands.Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报),2003,40(2):280-285 (in Chinese)
[43] Cao Y,Fu S,Zou X,et al.Soil microbial community composition under Eucalyptus plantations of different age in subtropical China.European Journal of Soil Biology,2010,46:128-135
[44] Han S-Z (韩世忠),Gao R (高人),Li A-P (李爱萍),et al.Soil microbial community structure of two types of forests in the mid-subtropics of China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(7):2151-2158 (in Chinese)
[45] Gude A,Kandeler E,Gleixner G.Input related microbial carbon dynamic of soil organic matter in particle size fractions.Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2012,47:209-219
[46] Grandy AS,Strickland MS,Lauber CL,et al.The influence of microbial communities,management,and soil texture on soil organic matter chemistry.Geoderma,2009,150:278-286
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