茶树连作障碍形成机制及调控措施研究进展
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摘要
茶树多年宿根连作后茶园土壤退化严重,茶叶产量和品质大幅下降,严重制约了我国茶叶的可持续生产。面对如何维持茶树高产高质这一科学难题,连作障碍机制及其调控措施成为当前茶树栽培中急待解决的科学问题。据此文章从土壤养分失衡、土壤酸化、自毒作用、土壤微生物群落结构失衡、根际微生态等方面概述了茶树连作障碍形成机制的研究进展,同时从化学改良、增施有机肥、生物质材料、生物菌肥、茶园多样性栽培等方面介绍缓解茶树连作障碍的主要措施,并对今后茶树连作障碍形成机制的进一步研究及防控技术的发展方向提出展望,以期为解决茶树连作障碍问题提供一些科学依据。
Long-term continuous ratooning of tea plants can lead to substantial yield and quality declines and soil degradation, which has become a major problem in the sustainable production of tea orchards. To maintain the high yield and quality of tea plants, the illumination on the formation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles and its prevention measures become an urgent scientific problem. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism that causes the continuous cropping obstacle of tea plants, including soil nutrient imbalance, soil acidity, autotoxicity effects, microbial deterioration and rhizospheric microecology. In addition, this review summarizes the current prevention measures, such as chemical remediation, the application of organic fertilizers, biomass materials, and biological bacterial fertilizers, and diversification cultivation. Moreover, future prospects on the mechanism study and further prevention technology of continuous cropping obstacles of tea plants are put forward. This paper probably provides a scientific basis for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of tea plants.
Long-term continuous ratooning of tea plants can lead to substantial yield and quality declines and soil degradation, which has become a major problem in the sustainable production of tea orchards. To maintain the high yield and quality of tea plants, the illumination on the formation mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles and its prevention measures become an urgent scientific problem. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism that causes the continuous cropping obstacle of tea plants, including soil nutrient imbalance, soil acidity, autotoxicity effects, microbial deterioration and rhizospheric microecology. In addition, this review summarizes the current prevention measures, such as chemical remediation, the application of organic fertilizers, biomass materials, and biological bacterial fertilizers, and diversification cultivation. Moreover, future prospects on the mechanism study and further prevention technology of continuous cropping obstacles of tea plants are put forward. This paper probably provides a scientific basis for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of tea plants.
引文
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[5]曹潘荣,骆世明.茶树的自毒作用研究[J].广东茶叶,1996,(2):9-11.
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[7]罗倩,张珍明,向准,等.不同种植年限鸟王茶产地土壤物理性质及生长特征[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(12):2746-2750.
[8]李艳春.不同宿根年限铁观音茶园酸化土壤微生物群落特征及改良措施研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2017.
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[12]王晟强,郑子成,李廷轩.植茶年限对土壤团聚体氮、磷、钾含量变化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1393-1402.
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[14]XUE Dong,YAO Huaiying,HUANG Changyong.Microbial biomass,N mineralization and nitrification,enzyme activities,and microbial community diversity in tea orchard soils[J].Plant and Soil,2006,288(1-2):319-331.
[15]DANG MV.Effects of tea cultivation on soil quality in the northern mountainous zone,Vietnam[D].University of Saskatchewan,Canada,2002.
[16]杨冬雪,钟珍梅,陈剑侠,等.福建省茶园土壤养分状况评价[J].海峡科学,2010,42(6):129-131.
[17]孙永明,张昆,叶川,等.江西茶园土壤酸化及对策[J].土壤与作物,2017,6(2):139-145.
[18]张倩,宗良纲,曹丹,等.江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化趋势及其制约因素研究[J].土壤,2011,43(5):751-757.
[19]黄运湘,曾希柏,张杨珠,等.湖南省丘岗茶园土壤的酸化特征及其对土壤肥力的影响[J].土壤通报,2010,41(3):633-638.
[20]阮建云.茶园和根际土壤铝的动态及其对茶树生长和养分吸收的影响[C]//海峡两岸茶叶科技学术研讨会论文集,2000.
[21]王涵,王果,黄颖颖,等.pH变化对酸性土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(6):2401-2406.
[22]魏国胜,周恒,朱杰,等.土壤pH值对烟草根茎部病害的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2011,(1):140-143.
[23]林文雄,熊君,周军建,等.化感植物根际生物学特性研究现状与展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(4):1-8.
[24]王海斌,陈晓婷,丁力,等.不同年限黄金桂茶树土壤的自毒潜力分析[J].中国茶叶,2016,1:12-13.
[25]YE J H,WANG H B,KONG X H,et al.Soil sickness problem in tea plantations in Anxi county,Fujian province,China[J].Allelopathy Journal,2016,39(1):19-28.
[26]ARAFAT Y,WEI Xiaoya,JIANG Yuhang,et al.Spatial distribution patterns of root-associated bacterial communities mediated by root exudates in different aged ratooning tea monoculture systems[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2017,18,1727.
[27]KAUR H,KAUR R,KAUR S,et al.Taking ecological function seriously:soil microbial communities can obviate allelopathic effects of released metabolites[J].PLoS ONE,2009,4(3):e4700.
[28]林文雄,陈婷,周明明.农业生态学的新视野[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(3):253-264.
[29]胡元森,刘亚峰,吴坤,等.黄瓜连作土壤微生物区系变化研究[J].土壤通报,2006,37(1):126-129.
[30]周宝利,徐妍,尹玉玲,等.不同连作年限土壤对茄子土壤生物学活性的影响及其嫁接调节[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):290-294.
[31]袁龙刚,张军林,张朝阳,等.连作对辣椒根际土壤微生物区系影响的初步研究[J].陕西农业科学,2006,(2):49-50.
[32]LI Anying,WEI Yu,SUN Zhenjun,et al.Analysis of bacterial and fungal community structure in replant strawberry rhizosphere soil with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2012,11(49):10962-10969.
[33]孙秀山,封海胜,万书波,等.连作花生田主要微生物类群与土壤酶活性变化及其交互作用[J].作物学报,2001,27(5):617-621.
[34]林生,庄家强,陈婷,等.不同年限茶树根际土壤微生物群落PLFA生物标记多样性分析[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(1):64-71.
[35]LI Yanchun,LI Zhou,LI Zhaowei,et al.Variations of rhizosphere bacterial communities in tea(Camellia sinensis L.)continuous cropping soil by high-throughput pyrosequencing approach[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2016,121,787-799.
[36]LI Yanchun,LI Zhaowei,ARAFAT Y,et al.Characterizing rhizosphere microbial communities in long-term monoculture tea orchards by fatty acid profiles and substrate utilization[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2017,81:48-54.
[37]田永辉.不同树龄茶树根际固氮菌组成及多样性研究[J].福建茶叶,2000,(3):19-21.
[38]高旭晖.茶树根际微生物与根际效应[J].茶叶通讯,2000,(1):35-38.
[39]滕应,任文杰,李振高,等.花生连作障碍发生机理研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):259-265.
[40]李春俭,马玮,张福锁,等.根际对话及其对植物生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):178-183.
[41]YE Sufeng,ZHOU Yanhong,SUN Yao,et al.Cinnamic acid causes oxidative stress in cucumber roots,and promotes incidence of Fusarium wilt[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2006,56:255-262.
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