高粱褐色中脉的研究进展
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摘要
高粱是一种重要的粮食作物,也是一种重要的饲料作物。高粱在抗旱、耐涝、耐盐碱等方面表现出很强的适应性,在世界各国广泛栽培。褐色中脉与传统的白色中脉品种相比,其难以消化的木质素含量可降低40%～60%,消化率大幅度提高。对目前高粱褐色中脉的类型、遗传特性、适口性及其分子机制进行了综述,展望了其在饲草育种中的应用。
Sorghum is not only an important food crop, but also an important feed crop. Sorghum is extensively cultivated in many counties because it has the characters of drought-resistant, resistance to flood, saline tolerance and strong adaptability. Compared with the white midrib varieties, the lignin content of brown midrib decreases 40%-60% and the digestibility significantly increases. The classification, genetic property, palatability and molecular mechanism of brown midrib were reviewed and its application in forage breeding was prospected.
Sorghum is not only an important food crop, but also an important feed crop. Sorghum is extensively cultivated in many counties because it has the characters of drought-resistant, resistance to flood, saline tolerance and strong adaptability. Compared with the white midrib varieties, the lignin content of brown midrib decreases 40%-60% and the digestibility significantly increases. The classification, genetic property, palatability and molecular mechanism of brown midrib were reviewed and its application in forage breeding was prospected.
引文
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[5]CASLER M D,PEDERSEN J F,UNDERSANDER D J. Forage yield and economic losses associated with the Brown-Midrib trait in Sudangrass[J]. Crop Science,2003,43(3):782-789.
[6] PORTER K S,AXTELL J D,LECHTENBERG V L,et al. Phenotype,fiber composition,and in vitro dry matter disappearance of chemically induced brown midrib(bmr)mutants of sorghum[J]. Crop Sci.,1978,18:205-209.
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[8]BOUT S,VERMERRIS W A. Candidate-gene approach to clone the sorghum Brown midrib gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase[J]. Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2003,269:205-214.
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[10]OLIVER A L,PEDERSEN J F,GRANT R J,et al. Comparative effects of the sorghum bmr-6 and bmr-12 Genes:I. Forage sorghum yield and quality[J]. Crop Sci.,2005,45(6):2234-2239.
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[13]OLIVER A L,PEDERSEN J F,G RAN T R J,et al. Comparison of brown midrib216 and-18 forage sorghum with conventional sorghum and corn silage in diets of lactating dairy cows[J]. J. Dairy Sci.,2004,87:637-644.
[14]DIXON R A,CHEN F,GUO D,et al. The biosynthesis of monolignols:"metabolic grid",or independent pathways to guaiac and syringyl units?[J]. Phytochemistry,2001,57:1069-1084.
[15] BOERJAN W,RALPH J,BAUCHER M. Lignin biosynthesis[J].Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.,2003,54:519-546.
[16] VIGNOLS F,RIGAU J,TORRES M A,et al. The brown-midrib3(bm3)mutation in maize occurs in the gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyl transferase[J]. Plant Cell,1995,7:407-416.
[17] HALPIN C,HOLT K,CHOJECKI J,et al. Brown-midrib maize(bm1)———a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene[J]. Plant J.,1998,14:545-553.
[18] AKIN D E,HANNA W W,RIGSBY L L. Normal 212 and brown midrib 212 sorghum I.Variatiens in tissue digestibility[J]. A gron.J.,1986,78:827-832.
[19] SUZUK I S,LAN T B T,IIYAMA K. Hydroxyguaniacyl nuclei as aromatic constituents of native lignin[J]. Phytochemistry,1997,46:695-700.
[20] PILLONEL C,MULDER J,BOON M,et al. Involvement of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase in the control of lignin formation in Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench[J]. Planta,1991,185:538-544.
[21] ANA SABALLOS,GEBISA EIETA,EMILIANO SANCHEZ,et al.A genomewide analysis of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase family in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)identies Sb CAD2as the brown midrib6 gene[J]. Genetics,2009,108:783-795.
[22] ZHAN QW,ZHANG TZ,WANG BH,et al. Diversity comparison and phylogenetic relationships of S. bicolor and S. sudanense as revealed by SSR markers[J]. Plant Science,2008,174(1):9-16.
[2] JORGENSON R L. Brown midrib in maize and its lignage relations[J]. J. Am. Soc. Agron,1931,23:549-557.
[3] CHERNEY J H,CHERNEY D J R,AKIN D E,et al. Potential of brown-midrib,low-lignin mutants for improving forage quality[J].Adv. Agron.,1991,46:157-198.
[4]BARRIERE Y,RALPH J,MECHIN V,et al. Genetic and molecular basis of grass cell wall biosynthesis and degradability. II. Lessons from brown-midrib mutants[J]. Comptes Rendus Biologies,2004,327:847-860.
[5]CASLER M D,PEDERSEN J F,UNDERSANDER D J. Forage yield and economic losses associated with the Brown-Midrib trait in Sudangrass[J]. Crop Science,2003,43(3):782-789.
[6] PORTER K S,AXTELL J D,LECHTENBERG V L,et al. Phenotype,fiber composition,and in vitro dry matter disappearance of chemically induced brown midrib(bmr)mutants of sorghum[J]. Crop Sci.,1978,18:205-209.
[7] BITTINGER T S,CANTRELL R P,AXTELL J D. Allelism tests of the brown-midrib mutants of sorghum[J]. Journal of Heredity,1981,72:147-148.
[8]BOUT S,VERMERRIS W A. Candidate-gene approach to clone the sorghum Brown midrib gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyltransferase[J]. Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2003,269:205-214.
[9] SABALLOS A,VERMERRIS W A,RIVERA L,et al. Allelic association,chemical characterization and saccharification properties of brown midrib mutants of sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)[J]. Bioenerg. Res.,2008,1:193-204.
[10]OLIVER A L,PEDERSEN J F,GRANT R J,et al. Comparative effects of the sorghum bmr-6 and bmr-12 Genes:I. Forage sorghum yield and quality[J]. Crop Sci.,2005,45(6):2234-2239.
[11] OBA M,ALLEN M S. Effects of brown midrib 3 mutation in corn silage on productivity of dairy cows fed two concentrations of dietary neutral detergent fiber. I. Feeding behavior and nutrient utilization[J]. J. Dairy Sci.,2000,83:1333-1341.
[12] GRANT R J,HADDAD S G,MOORE K J,et al. Brown midrib sorghum silage formidlactation dairy cows[J]. J. Dairy Sci.,1995,78(9):1970-1980.
[13]OLIVER A L,PEDERSEN J F,G RAN T R J,et al. Comparison of brown midrib216 and-18 forage sorghum with conventional sorghum and corn silage in diets of lactating dairy cows[J]. J. Dairy Sci.,2004,87:637-644.
[14]DIXON R A,CHEN F,GUO D,et al. The biosynthesis of monolignols:"metabolic grid",or independent pathways to guaiac and syringyl units?[J]. Phytochemistry,2001,57:1069-1084.
[15] BOERJAN W,RALPH J,BAUCHER M. Lignin biosynthesis[J].Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.,2003,54:519-546.
[16] VIGNOLS F,RIGAU J,TORRES M A,et al. The brown-midrib3(bm3)mutation in maize occurs in the gene encoding caffeic acid O-methyl transferase[J]. Plant Cell,1995,7:407-416.
[17] HALPIN C,HOLT K,CHOJECKI J,et al. Brown-midrib maize(bm1)———a mutation affecting the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene[J]. Plant J.,1998,14:545-553.
[18] AKIN D E,HANNA W W,RIGSBY L L. Normal 212 and brown midrib 212 sorghum I.Variatiens in tissue digestibility[J]. A gron.J.,1986,78:827-832.
[19] SUZUK I S,LAN T B T,IIYAMA K. Hydroxyguaniacyl nuclei as aromatic constituents of native lignin[J]. Phytochemistry,1997,46:695-700.
[20] PILLONEL C,MULDER J,BOON M,et al. Involvement of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase in the control of lignin formation in Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench[J]. Planta,1991,185:538-544.
[21] ANA SABALLOS,GEBISA EIETA,EMILIANO SANCHEZ,et al.A genomewide analysis of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase family in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)identies Sb CAD2as the brown midrib6 gene[J]. Genetics,2009,108:783-795.
[22] ZHAN QW,ZHANG TZ,WANG BH,et al. Diversity comparison and phylogenetic relationships of S. bicolor and S. sudanense as revealed by SSR markers[J]. Plant Science,2008,174(1):9-16.