基于熵权-TOPSIS模型筛选陇中旱作区适宜玉米轮作的土壤可持续系统
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摘要
为探索陇中黄土高原旱作区不同轮作系统对土壤改良的影响,本研究对玉米(Zea mays)与苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)、大豆(Glycine max)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)4种轮作模式的土壤全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾、速效钾、有机碳、团聚体进行测定分析。结果表明:轮作较连作相比土壤养分有一定程度的提高。轮作下土壤全氮和碱解氮含量分别提高7.08%～20.35%和9.89%～37.52%,土壤磷素和钾素含量提高,土壤有机碳含量提高13.14%～27.52%,土壤团聚体均以大团聚体(≥0.25mm的土壤团聚体)为主,玉米-大豆轮作土壤团聚体平均重量直径和几何平均直径的值较高。利用熵权法及TOPSIS模型对各处理的土壤肥力进行综合评价,结果显示玉米-苜蓿轮作对土壤肥力的改良效果最好,合理轮作可实现土壤养分内生状态良质化。
To explore the influence of different rotation systems on soil improvement in dry farming region of middle Gansu of loess plateau,the effects of 4 treatment rotation systems,that is,Zea mays combined with Medicago sativa,Solanum tuberosum,Glycine maxand Triticum aestivum,on soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium,available potassium,total organic carbon and soil aggregates were measured and analyzed.In the rotation modes,the total nitrogen and available nitrogen content increased by 7.08%～20.35% and 9.89%～37.52%,respectively.Phosphorus and potassium content increased,and organic carbon content increased by 13.14%～27.52%.The soil aggregate in each rotation patterns was dominated by macroaggregates(≥0.25 mm soil aggregates),and the mean weight diameter and mean geometry diameter of soil aggregates in corn-soybean rotations were at a higher level than other treatments.Four different rotation systems were calculated by the entropy weight and TOPSIS model,and showed that corn-alfalfa rotation had the best effect on soil fertility.The rational rotation could improve soil nutrient status,and increase yield and income.
To explore the influence of different rotation systems on soil improvement in dry farming region of middle Gansu of loess plateau,the effects of 4 treatment rotation systems,that is,Zea mays combined with Medicago sativa,Solanum tuberosum,Glycine maxand Triticum aestivum,on soil total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium,available potassium,total organic carbon and soil aggregates were measured and analyzed.In the rotation modes,the total nitrogen and available nitrogen content increased by 7.08%～20.35% and 9.89%～37.52%,respectively.Phosphorus and potassium content increased,and organic carbon content increased by 13.14%～27.52%.The soil aggregate in each rotation patterns was dominated by macroaggregates(≥0.25 mm soil aggregates),and the mean weight diameter and mean geometry diameter of soil aggregates in corn-soybean rotations were at a higher level than other treatments.Four different rotation systems were calculated by the entropy weight and TOPSIS model,and showed that corn-alfalfa rotation had the best effect on soil fertility.The rational rotation could improve soil nutrient status,and increase yield and income.
引文
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[19]张浩渺．基于熵权改进的TOPSIS模型在苏州河水质综合评价中的应用[J]．西北水电，2019(03):12-15
[20]张彬，杨联安，冯武焕，等．基于改进TOPSIS和COK的土壤养分综合评价[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2016,30(07):180-185
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[26]侯慧，董坤，杨智仙，等．连作障碍发生机理研究进展[J]．土壤，2016,48(06):1068-1076
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[28]PETERSON T A,RUSSELLE M P.Alfafa and the nitrogen cycle in the corn belt[J].Journal of Soil and the Water Conversation,1991,46(3):229-235
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[30]DONG Z,WU L,KETTLEWELL B,et al.Hydrogen fertilization of soils-Is this a benefit of legumes in rotation[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2003,26(11):1875-1879
[31]赵靖静．黄土高原西部土壤有机碳组分对苜蓿种植年限和轮作模式的响应[D]．兰州：甘肃农业大学，2016:27-30
[32]陈宏亮．宁夏半干旱黄土丘陵区人工种植苜蓿地对土壤养分的影响[D]．银川：宁夏大学，2010:2-5
[33]谢泽宇．陇中黄土高原苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤碳氮组分及其相关微生物活性的影响[D]．兰州：甘肃农业大学，2017:37-39
[34]罗彩云，沈禹颖，南志标，等．水土保持耕作下陇东玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量、土壤易氧化有机碳动态[J]．水土保持学报，2005(04):84-88
[35]Cools N,Vesterdal L,Vanguelova E,et al.Tree species is the major factor explaining C︰N ratio in European forest soils[J].For Ecol Manage,2014,311:3-16
[36]董云中，王永亮，张建杰．晋西北黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮储量[J]．应用生态学报，2014,25(04):955-960
[37]张晗，欧阳真程，赵小敏，等．江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤碳、氮和碳氮比的影响[J]．环境科学学报，2018,38(06):2486-2497
[38]黄昌勇．土壤学[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2000:80-81
[39]程曼，朱秋莲，刘雷，等．宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体水稳定及有机碳粒径分布的影响[J]．生态学报，2013,33(09):2835-2844
[40]刘梦云，常庆瑞，安韶山，等．土地利用方式对土壤团聚体及微团聚体的影响[J]．中国农学通报，2005(11):247-250
[41]陈山，杨峰，林杉，等．土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2012,26(5):211-216
[42]窦森，李凯，关松．土壤团聚体中有机质研究进展[J]．土壤学报，2011,48(02):412-418
[2]谯记，娄芬，杨西友，等．不同轮作模式对青贮玉米产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]．现代畜牧科技，2018(03):5-6
[3]何晓雁，郝明德，李丽霞，等．黄土高原轮作系统苜蓿土壤磷素变化特征[J]．草地学报，2014,22(05):1056-1062
[4]Trabelsi D,Ammarb H B,Mengoni A.Appmisal of the croprotation effect of rhizobial inoculation on potato cropping systems in relation to soil bacterial communities[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,54:1-6
[5]李民义，张建军，王春香，等．晋西黄土区不同土地利用方式对土壤物理性质的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2013,27(03):125-130+137
[6]蔡立群，齐鹏，张仁陟．保护性耕作对麦-豆轮作条件下土壤团聚体组成及有机碳含量的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2008(02):141-145
[7]柴继宽．轮作和连作对燕麦产量、品质、主要病虫害及土壤肥力的影响[D]．兰州：甘肃农业大学，2012:6-10
[8]杨菁，谢应忠，吴旭东，等不同种植年限人工苜蓿草地植物和土壤化学计量特征[J]．草业学报，2014,23(02):340-345
[9]崔星，师尚礼．绿洲灌溉区与旱作区连作苜蓿土壤理化性质的研究[J]．草地学报，2014,22(02):306-311
[10]崔星．西北灌区与旱作区土壤理化性状对苜蓿轮作方式的响应[D]．兰州：甘肃农业大学，2014:2-4
[11]赵靖静，罗珠珠，张仁陟，等．陇中黄土高原不同草田轮作模式土壤碳组分的差异研究[J]．草业学报，2016,25(02):58-67
[12]张芸，李惠通，张辉，等．不同林龄杉木人工林土壤C∶N∶P化学计量特征及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J/OL]．生态学报，2019(07):1-11
[13]刘栋，崔政军，高玉红，等．不同轮作序列对旱地胡麻土壤有机碳稳定性的影响[J]．草业学报，2018,27(12):45-57
[14]秦舒浩，曹莉，张俊莲，等．轮作豆科植物对马铃薯连作田土壤速效养分及理化性质的影响[J]．作物学报，2014,40(08):1452-1458
[15]田福平，师尚礼，洪绂曾，等．我国草田轮作的研究历史及现状[J]．草业科学，2012,29(02):320-326
[16]邢福，周景英，金永君，等．我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览[J]．草业学报，2011,20(03):245-255
[17]王仪明，雷艳芳，魏臻武，等．不同轮作模式对青贮玉米产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响[J]．核农学报，2017,31(09):1803-1810
[18]Haileslassie A,Priess J A,Veldkamp E,et al.Nutrient flows and balance at the field and farm scale:Exploring effects of land-use strategies and access to resources[J].Agricultural Systems,2007,94(2):459-470
[19]张浩渺．基于熵权改进的TOPSIS模型在苏州河水质综合评价中的应用[J]．西北水电，2019(03):12-15
[20]张彬，杨联安，冯武焕，等．基于改进TOPSIS和COK的土壤养分综合评价[J]．干旱区资源与环境，2016,30(07):180-185
[21]鲍士旦．土壤农化分析[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2005:25-28
[22]Pirmoradian N,Sepaskhah A R,Hajabbasi M A.Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments[J].Biosystems Engineering,2005,90(2):227-234
[23]HWANG C L,YOON K.Methods for Multiple Attribute Decision Making[M].Multiple Attribute Decision Making:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,1981:58-191
[24]陈伯扬．TOPSIS法在土壤环境质量评价中的应用[J]．现代地质，2008,22(6):1004-1009
[25]董建江，邵伏文，张林，等．不同耕作模式对稻田土壤理化性质及经济效益的影响[J]．土壤，2015,47(03):509-514
[26]侯慧，董坤，杨智仙，等．连作障碍发生机理研究进展[J]．土壤，2016,48(06):1068-1076
[27]薛继澄，毕德义，李家金，等．保护地栽培蔬菜生理障碍的土壤因子与对策[J]．土壤肥料，994(01):4-9
[28]PETERSON T A,RUSSELLE M P.Alfafa and the nitrogen cycle in the corn belt[J].Journal of Soil and the Water Conversation,1991,46(3):229-235
[29]PEOPLES M B,MCLENNAN P D,BROCKWELL J.Hydrogen emission from nodulated soybeans[Glycine max(L)Merr.]and consequences for the productivity of a subsequent maize(Zea mays L.)crop[J].Plant and soil,2008,307(1/2):67-82
[30]DONG Z,WU L,KETTLEWELL B,et al.Hydrogen fertilization of soils-Is this a benefit of legumes in rotation[J].Plant Cell&Environment,2003,26(11):1875-1879
[31]赵靖静．黄土高原西部土壤有机碳组分对苜蓿种植年限和轮作模式的响应[D]．兰州：甘肃农业大学，2016:27-30
[32]陈宏亮．宁夏半干旱黄土丘陵区人工种植苜蓿地对土壤养分的影响[D]．银川：宁夏大学，2010:2-5
[33]谢泽宇．陇中黄土高原苜蓿-作物轮作对土壤碳氮组分及其相关微生物活性的影响[D]．兰州：甘肃农业大学，2017:37-39
[34]罗彩云，沈禹颖，南志标，等．水土保持耕作下陇东玉米-小麦-大豆轮作系统产量、土壤易氧化有机碳动态[J]．水土保持学报，2005(04):84-88
[35]Cools N,Vesterdal L,Vanguelova E,et al.Tree species is the major factor explaining C︰N ratio in European forest soils[J].For Ecol Manage,2014,311:3-16
[36]董云中，王永亮，张建杰．晋西北黄土高原丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤碳氮储量[J]．应用生态学报，2014,25(04):955-960
[37]张晗，欧阳真程，赵小敏，等．江西省不同农田利用方式对土壤碳、氮和碳氮比的影响[J]．环境科学学报，2018,38(06):2486-2497
[38]黄昌勇．土壤学[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，2000:80-81
[39]程曼，朱秋莲，刘雷，等．宁南山区植被恢复对土壤团聚体水稳定及有机碳粒径分布的影响[J]．生态学报，2013,33(09):2835-2844
[40]刘梦云，常庆瑞，安韶山，等．土地利用方式对土壤团聚体及微团聚体的影响[J]．中国农学通报，2005(11):247-250
[41]陈山，杨峰，林杉，等．土地利用方式对红壤团聚体稳定性的影响[J]．水土保持学报，2012,26(5):211-216
[42]窦森，李凯，关松．土壤团聚体中有机质研究进展[J]．土壤学报，2011,48(02):412-418