微塑料对河口沉积物抗生素抗性基因的影响
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摘要
微塑料和抗生素抗性基因都是环境中的新兴污染物,也是近年来的研究热点.为探究微塑料对河口沉积物抗生素抗性基因的影响,在沉积物中添加3种不同的微塑料进行培养实验,主要采用高通量定量PCR方法研究河口沉积物抗性基因种类、丰度、多样性及其变化情况.结果表明,微塑料显著改变了沉积物中抗生素抗性基因结构组成,两种难降解微塑料PVC和PE使得沉积物抗生素抗性基因组成结构显著改变,而可溶性微塑料PVA使得沉积物抗生素抗性基因种类数显著减少;添加PVC、PE和PVA微塑料的沉积物抗生素抗性基因的绝对丰度显著增加,分别为4. 1×10~9、8. 1×10~9和2. 0×10~9copies·g~(-1),添加PE微塑料的沉积物抗生素抗性基因丰度增加了近一个数量级,微塑料显著增加了沉积物抗生素抗性基因的绝对丰度; OLS回归分析显示,抗生素抗性基因丰度与转座子、整合子基因显著正相关,表明可移动遗传元件可能促进了抗生素抗性基因的迁移、传播和扩散.
Microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes( ARGs) are emerging pollutants/contaminants,and are also the research hotspots concerning environmental health in the past few years. To explore the effects of microplastics on ARGs in estuarine sediment,three different microplastics were added to microcosm incubation experiments of sediments. Then,we investigated the persistence,abundance,diversity,and shifts of the ARGs in estuarine sediments by high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction( PCR). The results showed that the microplastics significantly changed the structure of ARGs in the sediments. PVC and PE,which are hard to degrade,had significant effects on the structures and types of ARGs. However,the PVA,which is soluble,reduced the types and persistence of ARGs significantly. The abundance of ARGs in S_PVC,S_PE,and S_PVA were 4. 1 × 10~9,8. 1 × 10~9,and2. 0 × 10~9 copies·g~(-1),respectively. The abundance of ARGs in sediments with added PE almost increased by one order of magnitude,implying that microplastics could significantly increase the abundance of ARGs in sediments. Furthermore,OLS regression analysis showed that ARGs are significantly correlated with transposon and integron,suggesting that mobile genetic elements( MGEs) may promote the transfer and dissemination of ARGs.
Microplastics and antibiotic resistance genes( ARGs) are emerging pollutants/contaminants,and are also the research hotspots concerning environmental health in the past few years. To explore the effects of microplastics on ARGs in estuarine sediment,three different microplastics were added to microcosm incubation experiments of sediments. Then,we investigated the persistence,abundance,diversity,and shifts of the ARGs in estuarine sediments by high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction( PCR). The results showed that the microplastics significantly changed the structure of ARGs in the sediments. PVC and PE,which are hard to degrade,had significant effects on the structures and types of ARGs. However,the PVA,which is soluble,reduced the types and persistence of ARGs significantly. The abundance of ARGs in S_PVC,S_PE,and S_PVA were 4. 1 × 10~9,8. 1 × 10~9,and2. 0 × 10~9 copies·g~(-1),respectively. The abundance of ARGs in sediments with added PE almost increased by one order of magnitude,implying that microplastics could significantly increase the abundance of ARGs in sediments. Furthermore,OLS regression analysis showed that ARGs are significantly correlated with transposon and integron,suggesting that mobile genetic elements( MGEs) may promote the transfer and dissemination of ARGs.
引文
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[25]Chen Q L,An X L,Zhu Y G,et al.Application of Struvite Alters the Antibiotic Resistome in Soil,Rhizosphere,and Phyllosphere[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(14):8149-8157.
[26]Klappenbach J A,Saxman P R,Cole J R,et al.rrndb:the Ribosomal RNA operon copy number database[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2001,29(1):181-184.
[27]LaganàP,Caruso G,Corsi I,et al.Do plastics serve as a possible vector for the spread of antibiotic resistance?First insights from bacteria associated to a polystyrene piece from King George Island(Antarctica)[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2019,222(1):89-100.
[28]Arias-Andres M,Klümper U,Rojas-Jimenez K,et al.Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:253-261.
[29]An X L,Chen Q L,Zhu D,et al.Impact of wastewater treatment on the prevalence of integrons and the genetic diversity of integron gene cassettes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2018,84(9):e02766-17.
[2]Barnes D K A,Galgani F,Thompson R C,et al.Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments[J].Philosophical Transactionsof the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2009,364(1526):1985-1998.
[3]Ivar do Sul J A,Costa M F.The present and future of microplastic pollution in the marine environment[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,185:352-364.
[4]Wang T,Hu X G,Zhou Q X.The research progress in migration,distribution,biological effects and analytical methods of microplastics[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2018,63(4):385-395.
[5]Murphy F,Ewins C,Carbonnier F,et al.Wastewater treatment works(WwTW)as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,50(11):5800-5808.
[6]Carr S A,Liu J,Tesoro A G.Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants[J].Water Research,2016,91:174-182.
[7]朱晓桐,衣俊,强丽媛,等.长江口潮滩表层沉积物中微塑料的分布及沉降特点[J].环境科学,2018,39(5):2067-2074.Zhu X T,Yi J,Qiang L Y,et al.Distribution and settlement of microplastics in the surface sediment of Yangtze Estuary[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(5):2067-2074.
[8]Cole M,Lindeque P,Halsband C,et al.Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment:a review[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(12):2588-2597.
[9]张丹丹,郭亚平,任红云,等.福建省敖江下游抗生素抗性基因分布特征[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2600-2606.Zhang D D,Guo Y P,Ren H Y,et al.Characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes in downstream areas of the aojiang river,Fujian province[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2600-2606.
[10]Zhu Y G,Johnson T A,Su J Q,et al.Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese swine farms[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(9):3435-3440.
[11]Zhu Y G,Gillings M,Simonet P,et al.Human dissemination of genes and microorganisms in Earth's Critical Zone[J].Global Change Biology,2018,24(4):1488-1499.
[12]苏建强,黄福义,朱永官.环境抗生素抗性基因研究进展[J].生物多样性,2013,21(4):481-487.Su J Q,Huang F Y,Zhu Y G.Antibiotic resistance genes in the environment[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(4):481-487.
[13]Ouyang W Y,Huang F Y,Zhao Y,et al.Increased levels of antibiotic resistance in urban stream of Jiulongjiang River,China[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2015,99(13):5697-5707.
[14]黄福义,李虎,韦蓓,等.长期施用猪粪水稻土抗生素抗性基因污染研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(10):3869-3873.Huang F Y,Li H,Wei B,et al.Long-term manure application induced shift of diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in paddy soil[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(10):3869-3873.
[15]黄福义,李虎,安新丽,等.城市生活污水和生活垃圾渗滤液抗生素抗性基因污染的比较研究[J].环境科学,2016,37(10):3949-3954.Huang F Y,Li H,An X L,et al.Comparative investigation of antibotic resistance genes between wastewater and landfill leachate[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(10):3949-3954.
[16]Chen Q L,Li H,Zhou X Y,et al.An underappreciated hotspot of antibiotic resistance:The groundwater near the municipal solid waste landfill[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,609:966-973.
[17]Ashton K,Holmes L,Turner A.Association of metals with plastic production pellets in the marine environment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60(11):2050-2055.
[18]Li J,Zhang K N,Zhang H.Adsorption of antibiotics on microplastics[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:460-467.
[19]Mc Cormick A,Hoellein T J,Mason S A,et al.Microplastic is an abundant and distinct microbial habitat in an urban river[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(20):11863-11871.
[20]Zhu D,Chen Q L,An X L,et al.Exposure of soil collembolans to microplastics perturbs their gut microbiota and alters their isotopic composition[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2018,116:302-310.
[21]Claessens M,De Meester S,Van Landuyt L,et al.Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in marine sediments along the Belgian coast[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2011,62(10):2199-2204.
[22]Nuelle M T,Dekiff J H,Remy D,et al.A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments[J].Environmental Pollution,2014,184:161-169.
[23]Zhu Y G,Zhao Y,Li B,et al.Continental-scale pollution of estuaries with antibiotic resistance genes[J].Nature Microbiology,2017,2:16270.
[24]黄福义,安新丽,李力,等.生活垃圾填埋场对河流抗生素抗性基因的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(1):203-209.Huang F Y,An X L,Li L,et al.High-throughput profiling of antibiotic resistance genes in river in the vicinity of a landfill[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(1):203-209.
[25]Chen Q L,An X L,Zhu Y G,et al.Application of Struvite Alters the Antibiotic Resistome in Soil,Rhizosphere,and Phyllosphere[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(14):8149-8157.
[26]Klappenbach J A,Saxman P R,Cole J R,et al.rrndb:the Ribosomal RNA operon copy number database[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2001,29(1):181-184.
[27]LaganàP,Caruso G,Corsi I,et al.Do plastics serve as a possible vector for the spread of antibiotic resistance?First insights from bacteria associated to a polystyrene piece from King George Island(Antarctica)[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2019,222(1):89-100.
[28]Arias-Andres M,Klümper U,Rojas-Jimenez K,et al.Microplastic pollution increases gene exchange in aquatic ecosystems[J].Environmental Pollution,2018,237:253-261.
[29]An X L,Chen Q L,Zhu D,et al.Impact of wastewater treatment on the prevalence of integrons and the genetic diversity of integron gene cassettes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2018,84(9):e02766-17.