土壤含盐量对滴灌加工番茄生理生长和产量的影响
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摘要
为探讨土壤含盐量对加工番茄生理生长的影响,采用桶栽试验,人工配制不同盐碱含量土壤(CK:1.5 g/kg,S1:4.0 g/kg,S2:7.0 g/kg,S3:10.0 g/kg),研究滴灌条件不同土壤含盐量下加工番茄生理生长指标、叶绿素参数的变化规律。结果表明,S1处理对加工番茄的生长指标和净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、叶片水分利用效率及叶绿素含量均有一定的促进作用,但不显著(P>0.05),S2与S3处理对以上指标均表现出抑制性,S3处理尤为显著(P<0.01);S1处理较CK增产2.1%,S2与S3处理较CK分别减产18.7%和65.4%;生育后期,加工番茄光合能力下降主要是由高土壤含盐量导致叶片气孔关闭的非气孔限制因素造成的。可以考虑在4.0 g/kg以下的盐碱土壤进行加工番茄的种植。
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil salinity on growth and physiology of processing tomato. The experiment is in barrel form,different salt content soil were prepared. It was studied the changes of physiological growth indices, chlorophyll parameters of processing tomato under soil salinity under drip irrigation conditions. The results show that,the effects of S1 on the growth indexes of processed tomatoes, net photosynthetic rate Pn, transpiration rate Tr, stomatal conductance Gs, leaf water use efficiency WUE and chlorophyll content were promoted to a certain extent, but there was no significant(P>0.05). S2 and S3 showed inhibition on the above indexes. Compared with CK, S1 treatment increased yield by 2.1%, S2 and S3 treatment decreased yield by 18.7% and 65.4%. Generally speaking, S3 treatment inhibited the growth and development of processing tomato most significantly. In the late growth stage, the decrease of photosynthetic capacity of processed tomato was mainly caused by non-stomatal limiting factors of stomatal closure caused by high salinity stress.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soil salinity on growth and physiology of processing tomato. The experiment is in barrel form,different salt content soil were prepared. It was studied the changes of physiological growth indices, chlorophyll parameters of processing tomato under soil salinity under drip irrigation conditions. The results show that,the effects of S1 on the growth indexes of processed tomatoes, net photosynthetic rate Pn, transpiration rate Tr, stomatal conductance Gs, leaf water use efficiency WUE and chlorophyll content were promoted to a certain extent, but there was no significant(P>0.05). S2 and S3 showed inhibition on the above indexes. Compared with CK, S1 treatment increased yield by 2.1%, S2 and S3 treatment decreased yield by 18.7% and 65.4%. Generally speaking, S3 treatment inhibited the growth and development of processing tomato most significantly. In the late growth stage, the decrease of photosynthetic capacity of processed tomato was mainly caused by non-stomatal limiting factors of stomatal closure caused by high salinity stress.
引文
[1] 张喜洋. 盐碱土壤胁迫对菊芋萌芽块茎的影响[D]. 哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2016.
[2] 余庆辉,赵得提,韩启新,等.加工番茄生产技术创新战略研究[J]. 新疆农业科学,2006,(S1):1-4.
[3] 余庆辉,王柏柯,刘磊,等.番茄芽期耐盐QTL定位及其效应的初步分析[J]. 西北植物学报,2010,30(9):1 792-1 798.
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[5] Forkutsa I, Sommer R, Shirokova Y I, et al. Modeling irrigated cotton with shallow groundwater in the Aral Sea Basin of Uzbekistan: II. Soil salinity dynamics[J]. Irrigation Science,2009,27(4):319-330.
[6] Rajak D, Manjunatha M V, Rajkumar G R, et al. Comparative effects of drip and furrow irrigation on the yield and water productivity of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a saline and waterlogged vertisol[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2006,83(1):30-6.
[7] 姜淼.番茄盐胁迫下的生理生化特性及耐盐性QTL定位[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[8] 冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.不同生育阶段盐分胁迫对棉花生长和水分生理指标的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2014,(5):1 195-1 199.
[9] 杨凤军,李天来,臧忠婧.等渗NaCl、干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2 588-2 596.
[10] Yeo A. Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the context of whole plant physiology[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1998,49:915-929.
[11] 刘胜尧,范凤翠,李志宏,等.咸水负压渗灌对番茄生长和土壤盐分的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,(22):108-17.
[12] 罗家雄.新疆垦区盐碱地改良[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1985.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,1999:178-196.
[14] 瞿国文.不同灌水量对加工番茄生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农垦科技,2014,(6):19-20.
[15] Kingsbury R Wm, Epstein Em, Pearcy R W. Physiological responses to salinity in selected lines of wheat[J]. Plant Physiology,1984,74(2):417.
[16] 麻莹,曲冰冰,郭立泉,等. 盐碱混合胁迫下抗碱盐生植物碱地肤的生长及其茎叶中溶质积累特点[J]. 草业学报,2007,(4):25-33.
[17] Bielinis E, Józ′Wiak W, Robakowski P. Modelling of the relationship between the SPAD values and photosynthetic pigments content in Quercus petraea and Prunus serotina leaves.[J]. Dendrobiology, 2015, 73:125-134.
[18] 郑州元,林海荣,崔辉梅.外源硫化氢对盐胁迫下加工番茄幼苗光合参数及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(7):1 426-1 435.
[19] 鲁少尉,齐飞,李天来. NaCl、单Na+、Cl-盐胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响[J]. 河南农业科学,2012,41(3):107-112.
[20] 任艳芳,何俊瑜. NaCl胁迫对莴苣幼苗生长和光合性能的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2008,(4):149-153.
[21] 万梦丹,刘小刚,徐航,等.不同灌水和光强条件下小粒咖啡叶片光响应及光合生理特征[J]. 排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):795-803.
[22] 鲁少尉,齐飞,李天来.NaCl胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2012,(9):14-18.
[23] 张芬,张波,田丽萍,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素和β胡萝卜素含量的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2014,(11):15-20.
[24] 刘浩,左青松,刘婧怡,等. 盐分浓度对油菜干物质积累分配、农艺性状及品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2017,(22):19-23.
[25] 周桂生,陆建飞,封超年,等. 海滨锦葵生长发育、产量和产量构成对盐分胁迫的响应[J]. 中国油料作物学报,2009,(2):202-206.
[26] 刘海燕,隆小华,刘兆普. 比较研究苏北沿海滩涂盐土上不同油菜品种生物学特征和产量构成[J]. 土壤,2010,(6):983-986.
[2] 余庆辉,赵得提,韩启新,等.加工番茄生产技术创新战略研究[J]. 新疆农业科学,2006,(S1):1-4.
[3] 余庆辉,王柏柯,刘磊,等.番茄芽期耐盐QTL定位及其效应的初步分析[J]. 西北植物学报,2010,30(9):1 792-1 798.
[4] Velasquez B, Balzarini M, Taleisnik E. Salt tolerance variability amongst Argentine Andean potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp,andigena) [J]. Potato Research,2005,48(1-2):59-67.
[5] Forkutsa I, Sommer R, Shirokova Y I, et al. Modeling irrigated cotton with shallow groundwater in the Aral Sea Basin of Uzbekistan: II. Soil salinity dynamics[J]. Irrigation Science,2009,27(4):319-330.
[6] Rajak D, Manjunatha M V, Rajkumar G R, et al. Comparative effects of drip and furrow irrigation on the yield and water productivity of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in a saline and waterlogged vertisol[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2006,83(1):30-6.
[7] 姜淼.番茄盐胁迫下的生理生化特性及耐盐性QTL定位[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[8] 冯棣,张俊鹏,孙池涛,等.不同生育阶段盐分胁迫对棉花生长和水分生理指标的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2014,(5):1 195-1 199.
[9] 杨凤军,李天来,臧忠婧.等渗NaCl、干旱胁迫对番茄幼苗光合特性及叶绿体超微结构的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2 588-2 596.
[10] Yeo A. Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the context of whole plant physiology[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1998,49:915-929.
[11] 刘胜尧,范凤翠,李志宏,等.咸水负压渗灌对番茄生长和土壤盐分的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,(22):108-17.
[12] 罗家雄.新疆垦区盐碱地改良[M]. 北京:水利电力出版社,1985.
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,1999:178-196.
[14] 瞿国文.不同灌水量对加工番茄生长及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农垦科技,2014,(6):19-20.
[15] Kingsbury R Wm, Epstein Em, Pearcy R W. Physiological responses to salinity in selected lines of wheat[J]. Plant Physiology,1984,74(2):417.
[16] 麻莹,曲冰冰,郭立泉,等. 盐碱混合胁迫下抗碱盐生植物碱地肤的生长及其茎叶中溶质积累特点[J]. 草业学报,2007,(4):25-33.
[17] Bielinis E, Józ′Wiak W, Robakowski P. Modelling of the relationship between the SPAD values and photosynthetic pigments content in Quercus petraea and Prunus serotina leaves.[J]. Dendrobiology, 2015, 73:125-134.
[18] 郑州元,林海荣,崔辉梅.外源硫化氢对盐胁迫下加工番茄幼苗光合参数及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(7):1 426-1 435.
[19] 鲁少尉,齐飞,李天来. NaCl、单Na+、Cl-盐胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响[J]. 河南农业科学,2012,41(3):107-112.
[20] 任艳芳,何俊瑜. NaCl胁迫对莴苣幼苗生长和光合性能的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2008,(4):149-153.
[21] 万梦丹,刘小刚,徐航,等.不同灌水和光强条件下小粒咖啡叶片光响应及光合生理特征[J]. 排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(9):795-803.
[22] 鲁少尉,齐飞,李天来.NaCl胁迫对番茄叶片光合特性及蔗糖代谢的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2012,(9):14-18.
[23] 张芬,张波,田丽萍,等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片光合特性及叶绿素和β胡萝卜素含量的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2014,(11):15-20.
[24] 刘浩,左青松,刘婧怡,等. 盐分浓度对油菜干物质积累分配、农艺性状及品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2017,(22):19-23.
[25] 周桂生,陆建飞,封超年,等. 海滨锦葵生长发育、产量和产量构成对盐分胁迫的响应[J]. 中国油料作物学报,2009,(2):202-206.
[26] 刘海燕,隆小华,刘兆普. 比较研究苏北沿海滩涂盐土上不同油菜品种生物学特征和产量构成[J]. 土壤,2010,(6):983-986.