水氮调控对设施土壤供氮潜力的影响
|
摘要
利用连续3年不同灌水下限(25、35和45 kPa)和施氮量(75、300和525 kg N·hm~(-2))的膜下滴灌设施番茄田间试验,探讨水氮调控对设施土壤供氮潜力的影响。结果表明:灌水下限和施氮量对土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响显著,而水氮交互作用对二者影响均不显著;灌水下限、施氮及其交互作用对休耕期0～30 cm设施土壤有机氮组分、微生物量氮和固定态铵储量的影响显著;不同水氮调控下,设施番茄休耕期0～30 cm土壤酸解氮组分储量及占酸解总氮比例的大小顺序依次为酸解氨基酸氮>酸解铵态氮>酸解未知氮>酸解氨基糖氮;酸解氨基酸氮是设施土壤中最主要的有机氮形态;酸解氨基酸氮与酸解铵态氮、酸解氨基糖氮、酸解总氮、非酸解氮、有机碳和全氮均呈显著相关;土壤固定态铵与酸解氨基酸氮呈显著正相关;土壤微生物量氮与酸解铵态氮、酸解氨基糖氮呈显著正相关,与酸解氨基酸氮呈显著负相关。土壤酸解氨基酸氮、土壤微生物量氮和固定态铵在一定程度上可作为设施土壤供氮潜力的反映指标,科学合理的水氮措施对提升设施土壤供氮潜力具有重要意义。
Soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),fixed ammonium( FA),microbial biomass nitrogen( SMBN) and organic nitrogen fractions are important indicators of soil nitrogen supply potential. A three-year tomato field experiment with mulch-film drip irrigation was conducted to investigate the effects of lower irrigation limits( 25,35,and 45 kPa) and nitrogen fertilization levels( 75,300,and 525 kg·N·hm~(-2)) on greenhouse soil N supply potential( including SOC,TN,FA,SMBN and soil organic nitrogen fraction storage). The results showed that the main effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the storage of SOC and TN were statistically significant,but that was not the case for their interactive effects. The main and interactive effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the storage of greenhouse soil organic nitrogen fractions,SMBN and FA at 0-30 cm soil layer were significant in the fallow period. Under different treatments of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization regulations,the proportions of acidolysable organic nitrogen fractions in greenhouse soil during the fallow period followed the order: acidolysable amino acid nitrogen( AAN) > acidolysable ammonium nitrogen( AN) > acidolysable unknown nitrogen( UN) > acidolysable amino sugar nitrogen( ASN). AAN was the major fraction of greenhouse soil organic nitrogen. AAN had a significant positive correlation with AN,ASN,acid hydrolyzed nitrogen( AHN),non-acidrolyzable nitrogen( NAN),SOC and TN.There was a significant positive correlation between FA and AAN. SMBN was positively correlated with ASN and AN,and negatively correlated with AAN. Therefore,AAN,SMBN and FA could be used as indicators for greenhouse soil nitrogen supply potential in a certain extent. Reasonable regulations of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization are conducive to improving greenhouse soil nitrogen supply potential.
Soil organic carbon( SOC),total nitrogen( TN),fixed ammonium( FA),microbial biomass nitrogen( SMBN) and organic nitrogen fractions are important indicators of soil nitrogen supply potential. A three-year tomato field experiment with mulch-film drip irrigation was conducted to investigate the effects of lower irrigation limits( 25,35,and 45 kPa) and nitrogen fertilization levels( 75,300,and 525 kg·N·hm~(-2)) on greenhouse soil N supply potential( including SOC,TN,FA,SMBN and soil organic nitrogen fraction storage). The results showed that the main effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the storage of SOC and TN were statistically significant,but that was not the case for their interactive effects. The main and interactive effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the storage of greenhouse soil organic nitrogen fractions,SMBN and FA at 0-30 cm soil layer were significant in the fallow period. Under different treatments of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization regulations,the proportions of acidolysable organic nitrogen fractions in greenhouse soil during the fallow period followed the order: acidolysable amino acid nitrogen( AAN) > acidolysable ammonium nitrogen( AN) > acidolysable unknown nitrogen( UN) > acidolysable amino sugar nitrogen( ASN). AAN was the major fraction of greenhouse soil organic nitrogen. AAN had a significant positive correlation with AN,ASN,acid hydrolyzed nitrogen( AHN),non-acidrolyzable nitrogen( NAN),SOC and TN.There was a significant positive correlation between FA and AAN. SMBN was positively correlated with ASN and AN,and negatively correlated with AAN. Therefore,AAN,SMBN and FA could be used as indicators for greenhouse soil nitrogen supply potential in a certain extent. Reasonable regulations of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization are conducive to improving greenhouse soil nitrogen supply potential.
引文
党亚爱,王国栋,李世清.2011.黄土高原典型土壤有机氮组分剖面分布的变化特征.中国农业科学,44(24):5021-5030.
段鹏鹏,张玉玲,丛耀辉,等.2016.氮肥与有机肥配施协调土壤固定态铵与可溶性氮的研究.植物营养与肥料学报,22(6):1578-1585.
富东英,田秀平,薛菁芳,等.2005.长期施肥与耕作对白浆土有机态氮组分的影响.农业环境科学学报,24(6):1127-1131.
高晓宁.2009.长期轮作施肥对棕壤氮素形态转化及其供氮特征的影响(博士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳农业大学.
韩晓日,郑国砥,刘晓燕,等.2007.有机肥与化肥配合施用土壤微生物量氮动态、来源和供氮特征.中国农业科学,40(4):765-772.
郝小雨,马星竹,高中超,等.2015.长期施肥下黑土活性氮和有机氮组分变化特征.中国农业科学,48(23):4707-4716.
侯晓杰,汪景宽,李世朋.2007.不同施肥处理与地膜覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.生态学报,27(2):655-661.
姬景红,张玉龙,黄毅,等.2007.灌溉方法对保护地土壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响.水土保持学报,21(6):99-104.
巨晓棠,刘学军,张福锁.2004.冬小麦生长期土壤固定态铵与微生物氮的动态研究.中国生态农业学报,12(1):90-91.
李玥,余亚琳,张欣,等.2017.连续施用炭基肥及生物炭对棕壤有机氮组分的影响.生态学杂志,36(10):2903-2909.
李世清,李生秀,邵明安,等.2004.半干旱农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤有机氮组分和微生物体氮的影响.中国农业科学,37(6):859-864.
廖继佩,林先贵,曹志洪,等.2003.土壤固定态铵的影响因素.土壤,35(1):36-40.
刘玉.2017.水氮耦合对设施土壤氮素利用及硝态氮累积的影响(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳农业大学.
彭佩钦,仇少君,童成立,等.2007.长期施肥对水稻土耕层微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分的影响.环境科学,28(8):170-175.
曲瑞姣,刘肖,胡国庆,等.2015.氮肥施用对土壤固定态铵有效性和剖面变化特征的影响.土壤通报,46(5):1202-1207.
仇少君,彭佩钦,李玲,等.2007.盆栽条件下红黄泥微生物量氮和固定态铵的动态变化.中国农业科学,40(3):524-531.
隋娟,王建东,龚时宏,等.2014.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对农田水氮分布及运移规律的影响.灌溉排水学报,33(1):1-6,29.
孙凤霞,张伟华,徐明岗,等.2010.长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响.应用生态学报,21(11):2792-2798.
王淑英,樊廷录,丁宁平,等.2015.长期施肥下黄土旱塬黑垆土供氮能力的变化.植物营养与肥料学报,21(6):1487-1495.
吴汉卿,杜世宇,高娜,等.2017.水氮调控对设施土壤有机氮组分、全氮和矿质氮的影响.水土保持学报,31(6):212-219.
吴汉卿,张玉龙,张玉玲,等.2018.土壤有机氮组分研究进展.土壤通报,49(5):1240-1246.
张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.2012.长期不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响.土壤学报,49(4):740-747.
Bremner JM.1965.Organic forms of soil nitrogen//Black CA,ed.Methods of soil analysis:Part 2.American Society of Agronomy Incorporation,Madison,WI:1238-1255.
Brookes PC,Landman A,Pruden G,et al.1985.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,17:837-842.
Duan PP,Zhang YL,Cong YH,et al.2017.The dynamics of soil-soluble nitrogen and soil-retained nitrogen in greenhouse soil.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B:Soil and Plant Science,67:51-61.
Elmaci OL,Secer M,Erdemir O,et al.2002.Ammonium fixation properties of some arable soils from the Aegean region of Turkey.European Journal of Agronomy,17:199-208.
Galloway JN,Townsend AR,Erisman JW,et al.2008.Transformation of the nitrogen cycle:Recent trends,questions,and potential solutions.Science,320:889-892.
Gao N,Liu Y,Wu HQ,et al.2017.Interactive effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield,nitrogen uptake,and recovery of two successive Chinese cabbage crops as assessed using15N isotope.Scientia Horticulturae,215:117-125.
Gu YF,Zhang XP,Tu SH,et al.2009.Soil microbial biomass,crop yields,and bacterial community structure as affected by long-term fertilizer treatments under wheat-rice cropping.European Journal of Soil Biology,45:239-246.
Hueso S,García C,Hernández T.2012.Severe drought conditions modify the microbial community structure,size and activity in amended and unamended soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,50:167-173.
Huygens D,Díaz S,Urcelay C,et al.2016.Microbial recycling of dissolved organic matter confines plant nitrogen uptake to inorganic forms in a semi-arid ecosystem.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,101:142-151.
Kaiser EA,Martens R,Heinemeyer O.1995.Temporal changes in soil microbial biomass carbon in an arable soil:Consequences for soil sampling.Plant and Soil,170:287-295.
Li YM,Sun YX,Liao SQ,et al.2017.Effects of two slowrelease nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation on yield,quality,and water-fertilizer productivity of greenhouse tomato.Agricultural Water Management,186:139-146.
Lu CY,Zhang XD,Chen X,et al.2010.Fixation of labeled(15NH4)2SO4and its subsequent release in black soil of northeast China over consecutive crop cultivation.Soil and Tillage Research,106:329-334.
Nielsen UN,Ball BA.2015.Impacts of altered precipitation regimes on soil communities and biogeochemistry in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.Global Change Biology,21:1407-1421.
Quan Z,Huang B,Lu C,et al.2016.The fate of fertilizer nitrogen in a high nitrate accumulated agricultural soil.Scientific Reports,5:21539.
Roing K,Andren O,Mattsson L.2006.‘Non-exchangeable’ammonium in soils from swedish long-term agricultural experiments:Mobilization and effects of fertilizer application.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B:Soil and Plant Science,56:197-205.
Sardans J,Peuelas J,Estiarte M.2008.Changes in soil enzymes related to C and N cycle and in soil C and N content under prolonged warming and drought in a mediterranean shrubland.Applied Soil Ecology,39:223-235.
Shahid M,Nayak AK,Kumar A,et al.2017.Carbon and nitrogen fractions and stocks under 41 years of chemical and organic fertilization in a sub-humid tropical rice soil.Soil and Tillage Research,170:136-146.
Silva JA,Bremner JM.1966.Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in soils:5.Fixed ammonium.Soil Science Society of America Journal,30:587-594.
Stevenson FJ.1982.Nitrogen-organic forms//Page AL ed.Methods of soil analysis.Part 2.American Society of Agronomy Incorporation,Madison,WI:625-641.
Thomas BW,Whalen JK,Sharifi M,et al.2016.Labile organic matter fractions as early-season nitrogen supply indicators in manure-amended soils.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,179:94-103.
Tian JH,Wei K,Condron LM,et al.2017.Effects of elevated nitrogen and precipitation on soil organic nitrogen fractions and nitrogen-mineralizing enzymes in semi-arid steppe and abandoned cropland.Plant and Soil,417:217-229.
Wang J,Zhuang SY,Zhu ZL.2017.Soil organic nitrogen composition and mineralization of paddy soils in a cultivation chronosequence in China.Journal of Soils and Sediments,17:1588-1598.
Wang Q,Lu C,Li H,et al.2014.The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and maize yield:12-year experiment on alkaline soils of Northeast China.Soil and Tillage Research,137:43-49.
Xiang SR,Allen D,Patriciaa H,et al.2008.Drying and rewetting effects on C and N mineralization and microbial activity in surface and subsurface california grassland soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,40:2281-2289.
Xu YC,Shen QR,Ran W.2003.Content and distribution of forms of organic N in soil and particle size fractions after long-term fertilization.Chemosphere,50:739-745.
Zhang NL,Wan SQ,Guo JX,et al.2015.Precipitation modifies the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil microbial communities in northern Chinese grasslands.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,89:12-23.
段鹏鹏,张玉玲,丛耀辉,等.2016.氮肥与有机肥配施协调土壤固定态铵与可溶性氮的研究.植物营养与肥料学报,22(6):1578-1585.
富东英,田秀平,薛菁芳,等.2005.长期施肥与耕作对白浆土有机态氮组分的影响.农业环境科学学报,24(6):1127-1131.
高晓宁.2009.长期轮作施肥对棕壤氮素形态转化及其供氮特征的影响(博士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳农业大学.
韩晓日,郑国砥,刘晓燕,等.2007.有机肥与化肥配合施用土壤微生物量氮动态、来源和供氮特征.中国农业科学,40(4):765-772.
郝小雨,马星竹,高中超,等.2015.长期施肥下黑土活性氮和有机氮组分变化特征.中国农业科学,48(23):4707-4716.
侯晓杰,汪景宽,李世朋.2007.不同施肥处理与地膜覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响.生态学报,27(2):655-661.
姬景红,张玉龙,黄毅,等.2007.灌溉方法对保护地土壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响.水土保持学报,21(6):99-104.
巨晓棠,刘学军,张福锁.2004.冬小麦生长期土壤固定态铵与微生物氮的动态研究.中国生态农业学报,12(1):90-91.
李玥,余亚琳,张欣,等.2017.连续施用炭基肥及生物炭对棕壤有机氮组分的影响.生态学杂志,36(10):2903-2909.
李世清,李生秀,邵明安,等.2004.半干旱农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤有机氮组分和微生物体氮的影响.中国农业科学,37(6):859-864.
廖继佩,林先贵,曹志洪,等.2003.土壤固定态铵的影响因素.土壤,35(1):36-40.
刘玉.2017.水氮耦合对设施土壤氮素利用及硝态氮累积的影响(硕士学位论文).沈阳:沈阳农业大学.
彭佩钦,仇少君,童成立,等.2007.长期施肥对水稻土耕层微生物生物量氮和有机氮组分的影响.环境科学,28(8):170-175.
曲瑞姣,刘肖,胡国庆,等.2015.氮肥施用对土壤固定态铵有效性和剖面变化特征的影响.土壤通报,46(5):1202-1207.
仇少君,彭佩钦,李玲,等.2007.盆栽条件下红黄泥微生物量氮和固定态铵的动态变化.中国农业科学,40(3):524-531.
隋娟,王建东,龚时宏,等.2014.滴灌条件下水肥耦合对农田水氮分布及运移规律的影响.灌溉排水学报,33(1):1-6,29.
孙凤霞,张伟华,徐明岗,等.2010.长期施肥对红壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物碳源利用的影响.应用生态学报,21(11):2792-2798.
王淑英,樊廷录,丁宁平,等.2015.长期施肥下黄土旱塬黑垆土供氮能力的变化.植物营养与肥料学报,21(6):1487-1495.
吴汉卿,杜世宇,高娜,等.2017.水氮调控对设施土壤有机氮组分、全氮和矿质氮的影响.水土保持学报,31(6):212-219.
吴汉卿,张玉龙,张玉玲,等.2018.土壤有机氮组分研究进展.土壤通报,49(5):1240-1246.
张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.2012.长期不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响.土壤学报,49(4):740-747.
Bremner JM.1965.Organic forms of soil nitrogen//Black CA,ed.Methods of soil analysis:Part 2.American Society of Agronomy Incorporation,Madison,WI:1238-1255.
Brookes PC,Landman A,Pruden G,et al.1985.Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen:A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,17:837-842.
Duan PP,Zhang YL,Cong YH,et al.2017.The dynamics of soil-soluble nitrogen and soil-retained nitrogen in greenhouse soil.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B:Soil and Plant Science,67:51-61.
Elmaci OL,Secer M,Erdemir O,et al.2002.Ammonium fixation properties of some arable soils from the Aegean region of Turkey.European Journal of Agronomy,17:199-208.
Galloway JN,Townsend AR,Erisman JW,et al.2008.Transformation of the nitrogen cycle:Recent trends,questions,and potential solutions.Science,320:889-892.
Gao N,Liu Y,Wu HQ,et al.2017.Interactive effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield,nitrogen uptake,and recovery of two successive Chinese cabbage crops as assessed using15N isotope.Scientia Horticulturae,215:117-125.
Gu YF,Zhang XP,Tu SH,et al.2009.Soil microbial biomass,crop yields,and bacterial community structure as affected by long-term fertilizer treatments under wheat-rice cropping.European Journal of Soil Biology,45:239-246.
Hueso S,García C,Hernández T.2012.Severe drought conditions modify the microbial community structure,size and activity in amended and unamended soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,50:167-173.
Huygens D,Díaz S,Urcelay C,et al.2016.Microbial recycling of dissolved organic matter confines plant nitrogen uptake to inorganic forms in a semi-arid ecosystem.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,101:142-151.
Kaiser EA,Martens R,Heinemeyer O.1995.Temporal changes in soil microbial biomass carbon in an arable soil:Consequences for soil sampling.Plant and Soil,170:287-295.
Li YM,Sun YX,Liao SQ,et al.2017.Effects of two slowrelease nitrogen fertilizers and irrigation on yield,quality,and water-fertilizer productivity of greenhouse tomato.Agricultural Water Management,186:139-146.
Lu CY,Zhang XD,Chen X,et al.2010.Fixation of labeled(15NH4)2SO4and its subsequent release in black soil of northeast China over consecutive crop cultivation.Soil and Tillage Research,106:329-334.
Nielsen UN,Ball BA.2015.Impacts of altered precipitation regimes on soil communities and biogeochemistry in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.Global Change Biology,21:1407-1421.
Quan Z,Huang B,Lu C,et al.2016.The fate of fertilizer nitrogen in a high nitrate accumulated agricultural soil.Scientific Reports,5:21539.
Roing K,Andren O,Mattsson L.2006.‘Non-exchangeable’ammonium in soils from swedish long-term agricultural experiments:Mobilization and effects of fertilizer application.Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B:Soil and Plant Science,56:197-205.
Sardans J,Peuelas J,Estiarte M.2008.Changes in soil enzymes related to C and N cycle and in soil C and N content under prolonged warming and drought in a mediterranean shrubland.Applied Soil Ecology,39:223-235.
Shahid M,Nayak AK,Kumar A,et al.2017.Carbon and nitrogen fractions and stocks under 41 years of chemical and organic fertilization in a sub-humid tropical rice soil.Soil and Tillage Research,170:136-146.
Silva JA,Bremner JM.1966.Determination and isotope-ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in soils:5.Fixed ammonium.Soil Science Society of America Journal,30:587-594.
Stevenson FJ.1982.Nitrogen-organic forms//Page AL ed.Methods of soil analysis.Part 2.American Society of Agronomy Incorporation,Madison,WI:625-641.
Thomas BW,Whalen JK,Sharifi M,et al.2016.Labile organic matter fractions as early-season nitrogen supply indicators in manure-amended soils.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,179:94-103.
Tian JH,Wei K,Condron LM,et al.2017.Effects of elevated nitrogen and precipitation on soil organic nitrogen fractions and nitrogen-mineralizing enzymes in semi-arid steppe and abandoned cropland.Plant and Soil,417:217-229.
Wang J,Zhuang SY,Zhu ZL.2017.Soil organic nitrogen composition and mineralization of paddy soils in a cultivation chronosequence in China.Journal of Soils and Sediments,17:1588-1598.
Wang Q,Lu C,Li H,et al.2014.The effects of no-tillage with subsoiling on soil properties and maize yield:12-year experiment on alkaline soils of Northeast China.Soil and Tillage Research,137:43-49.
Xiang SR,Allen D,Patriciaa H,et al.2008.Drying and rewetting effects on C and N mineralization and microbial activity in surface and subsurface california grassland soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,40:2281-2289.
Xu YC,Shen QR,Ran W.2003.Content and distribution of forms of organic N in soil and particle size fractions after long-term fertilization.Chemosphere,50:739-745.
Zhang NL,Wan SQ,Guo JX,et al.2015.Precipitation modifies the effects of warming and nitrogen addition on soil microbial communities in northern Chinese grasslands.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,89:12-23.