汶川地震受损区恢复初期植物与微生物生物量、土壤酶活性对土壤呼吸的影响
|
摘要
为了解汶川地震灾区不同恢复方式土壤呼吸差异性及其影响因素,选取干旱河谷气候区与亚热带季风气候区,设置受损治理、未受损、自然恢复3种恢复方式的固定样地,于2015年9月到2016年9月测定土壤呼吸、植被生物量、土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性,分析各指标的季节变化特征及与土壤呼吸的相关关系.结果显示:土壤呼吸速率和9种生物学性质(植被地下生物量和总生物量、土壤微生物量碳和氮含量、土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性)在两个气候区的季节变化特征整体表现为冬春低、夏秋高.两个气候区的土壤呼吸速率、植物生物量、微生物量碳和氮含量、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性以及亚热带季风气候区碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性、干旱河谷气候区的过氧化氢酶活性均表现为未受损区>受损治理区>自然恢复区,在受损治理区和自然恢复区各指标的恢复率介于11%-114%.两个气候区土壤呼吸的影响因子存在差异性,干旱河谷气候区主要为植物总生物量、地下生物量、微生物量氮含量以及土壤脲酶活性,亚热带季风气候区主要为碱性磷酸酶、纤维素酶活性.本研究表明不同恢复方式区域土壤呼吸速率存在差异性,群落植被生物量、微生物生物量与土壤酶活性是影响土壤呼吸的主要因子.(图5表2参28)
To understand the differences in soil respiration and the factors influencing the different levels of recovery in earthquake-affected areas, we selected different field plots: destroyed and treated areas, and undestroyed areas; and areas with different climate: natural recovery areas in the dry-hot valley climate and the humid subtropical climate. Soil respiration, plant biomass, soil enzyme activity, and their seasonal variation and correlations were studied from September 2015 to September 2016. The results demonstrated that the seasonal variation characteristics of soil respiration rate and nine biological properties(underground biomass and total biomass, microbial biochar and biological nitrogen, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, urease,cellulase, and sucrase activity) in the two climatic areas are lower in winter and spring and higher in summer and autumn. Soil respiration rate, biomass, microbial biochar and biological nitrogen, urease and sucrase activity were measured in the areas in both climatic regions; alkaline phosphatase and cellulase in the humid subtropical climate, and catalase activity in the dryhot valley climate. The biological properties appeared in different quantities in the different field plots: undestroyed areas> destroyed and treated areas > natural recovery areas. The recovery rate of each indicator was between 11% and 114% in destroyed and treated natural recovery areas. The influencing factors of soil respiration in the two climatic regions are different.In the dry-hot valley climate areas, total biomass, underground biomass, and soil urease activity were crucial. In the subtropical humid climate areas, underground biomass and soil phosphatase activity were predominant. This study shows that there are differences in soil respiration rates in different recovery areas. Plant biomass, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity were the main factors affecting soil respiration.
To understand the differences in soil respiration and the factors influencing the different levels of recovery in earthquake-affected areas, we selected different field plots: destroyed and treated areas, and undestroyed areas; and areas with different climate: natural recovery areas in the dry-hot valley climate and the humid subtropical climate. Soil respiration, plant biomass, soil enzyme activity, and their seasonal variation and correlations were studied from September 2015 to September 2016. The results demonstrated that the seasonal variation characteristics of soil respiration rate and nine biological properties(underground biomass and total biomass, microbial biochar and biological nitrogen, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, urease,cellulase, and sucrase activity) in the two climatic areas are lower in winter and spring and higher in summer and autumn. Soil respiration rate, biomass, microbial biochar and biological nitrogen, urease and sucrase activity were measured in the areas in both climatic regions; alkaline phosphatase and cellulase in the humid subtropical climate, and catalase activity in the dryhot valley climate. The biological properties appeared in different quantities in the different field plots: undestroyed areas> destroyed and treated areas > natural recovery areas. The recovery rate of each indicator was between 11% and 114% in destroyed and treated natural recovery areas. The influencing factors of soil respiration in the two climatic regions are different.In the dry-hot valley climate areas, total biomass, underground biomass, and soil urease activity were crucial. In the subtropical humid climate areas, underground biomass and soil phosphatase activity were predominant. This study shows that there are differences in soil respiration rates in different recovery areas. Plant biomass, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity were the main factors affecting soil respiration.
引文
[1] Peng SS,Piao SL,Wang T,Sun JY,Shen ZH.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2009,41(5):1008-1014
2张艳如,陈秋文,孙美美,时伟宇,杜盛.黄土丘陵区4种植被类型土壤呼吸季节及年际变化[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(4):1-9[Zhang YR,Chen QW,Sun MM,Shi WY,Du S.Seasonal and interannual variation of soil respiration in four vegetation types on the loess hilly region[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2018,24(4):1-9]
3车升国.黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤有机碳储量和二氧化碳排放[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010[Che SG.Soil organic carbon storage and carbon emission in small watershed in the gully region of the Loess Plateau[D].Yangling:Northwest agriculture and forest University,2010]
4肖复明.毛竹林生态系统碳平衡特征的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007[Xiao FM.A study on the characteristics of carbon balance in Phyllostachys edulis plantation ecosystem[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences,2007]
5李元,时伟宇,闫美杰,杜盛,毕润成,李华.土壤呼吸影响因素概述及展望[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):311-316[Li Y,Shi WY,Yan MJ,Du S,Bi RC,Li H.Review and prospect on impact factors of soil respiration[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2013,20(5):311-316]
6崔骁勇,陈佐忠,陈四清.草地土壤呼吸研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):315-325[Cui XY,Chen ZZ,Chen SQ.Progress in research on soil respiration of grasslands[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2001,21(2):315-325]
7李裕元,邵明安,郑纪勇,李秋芳.黄土高原北部草地的恢复与重建对土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2279-2287[Li YY,Shao MA,Zheng JY,Li QF.Impact of grassland recovery and reconstruction on soil organic carbon in the northern loess plateau[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(6):2279-2287]
8 Bowden RD,Nadelhoffer KJ,Boone RD,Melillo JM,Garrison JB.Contribution s of aboveground litter,below ground litter,and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest[J].Can J For Res,1993,23(7):1402-1407
9马涛,于洋,张峰,董彦丽,高金芳.陇东黄土高原不同林龄刺槐林土壤碳通量及其组分特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):196-202[Ma T,Yu Y,Zhang F,Dong YL,Gao LF.Soil carbon flux and component characteristics in the plantation of different-aged Robinia pseudoacacia L.forests in Longdong loess plateau[J].J Soil Water Conserv,2017,31(5):196-202]
10崔海,张亚红.不同封育年限荒漠草原土壤呼吸日、季动态变化及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1507-1515[Cui H,Zhang YH.Diurnal and seasonal dynamic variation of soil respiration and its influencing factors of different fenced enclosure years in desert steppe[J].Environ Sci,2016,37(4):1507-1515]
11石锋,李玉娥,高清竹,万运帆,秦晓波,金琳,刘运通,武艳娟.管理措施对我国草地土壤有机碳的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(3):9-15[Shi F,Li YE,Gao QZ,Wan YF,Qin XB,Jin L,Liu YT,Wu YJ.Effects of management measures on soil organic carbon of grassland in China[J].Pratacult Sci,2009,26(3):9-15]
12 Lin YM,Deng HJ,Du K,Li J,Lin H,Chen C,Fisher L,Wu CZ,Hong T,Zhang GS.Soil quality assessment in different climate zones of China’s Wenchuan Earthquake affected region[J].Soil Tillage Res,2017,165:315-324
13 Lin YM,Deng HJ,Du K,Rafay L,Zhang GS,Li J,Chen C,Wu CZ,Lin H,Yu W,Fan HL,Ge YG.Combined effects of climate,restoration measures and slope position in change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,596-597:274-283
14李廷亮,孟丽霞,谢英荷,高志强,洪坚平,马红梅,贾俊香,孟会生.黄土旱塬垄膜沟播小麦产量及土壤微生物量对施肥的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(6):1-10[Li TL,Meng LX,Xie YH,Gao ZQ,Hong JP,Ma HM,Jia JX,Meng HS.Response of winter wheat yield and soil microbial biomass to fertilization with ridge mulching-furrow planting in dry highland of Loess Plateau[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2018,24(6):1-10]
15林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010[Lin XG.Research Principles and Methods of Soil Microorganisms[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010]
16袁庆叶,安菁,高俊琴,韩广轩,于飞海.芦苇克隆整合对石油污染湿地土壤微生物群落结构和生物量的影响.生态学报,2018,38(1):215-225[Yuan QY,An J,Gao JQ,Han GX,Yu FH.Effects of clonal integration of Phtagmites autralis on the composition and biomass of soil microbial communities in a wetland contaminated by crude oil.Acta Ecol Sin,2018,38(1):215-225]
17牛钰杰,杨思维,王贵珍,刘丽,杜国祯,花立民.放牧干扰下高寒草甸物种和生活型丰富度与地上及地下生物量的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):2791-2801[Niu YJ,Yang SW,Wang GZ,Liu L,Du GZ,Hua LN.Study on the relationships between plant species richness,lifeform richness,and above-and belowground biomass under grazing disturbance in an alpine meadow[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2018,38(8):2791-2801]
18王红,王邵军,李霁航,阿丽米拉.叶尔肯.森林土壤呼吸及其主要调控因素研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):92-97[Wang H,Wang SJ,Li JH,Alimila Y.Characteristics and the influencing factors of forest soil respiration:a review[J].J Northwest For Univ,2017,32(1):92-97]
19张新杰,韩国栋,丁海君,张睿洋,王忠武.短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率的土壤呼吸与植物地下生物量的关系[J].草地学报,2015,23(3):483-488[Zhang Xj,Han GD,Ding HJ,Zhang RY,Wang ZW.Relationship between soil respiration and plant belowground biomass under different stocking rates in Stipa brevif lora desert steppe[J].Acta Agrect Sin,2015,23(3):483-488]
20 Reichstein M,Freibauer RA,Tenhunen A.Modeling temporal and largescale spatial variability of soil respiration from soil water availability,temperature and vegetation productivity indices[J].Global Biogeochem Cy,2003,17(4):11-15
21何文,黄玉清,廖建雄,张德楠,黄科朝,周龙武,张春来,徐广平.桂林会仙喀斯特湿地芦苇群落土壤氮的季节变化[J].广西植物,2018,38(1):24-35[He W,Huang YQ,Liao JX,Zhang DN,Huang KC,Zhou LW,Zhang CL,Xu GP.Seasonal change of soil nitrogen content in reed vegetation of Huixian Karst Wetland,Guilin,China[J].Guihaia,2018,38(1):24-35]
22刘纯,刘延坤,金光泽.小兴安岭6种森林类型土壤微生物量的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):451-459[Liu C,Liu YK,Jin GZ.Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass in six forest types in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(2):451-459.]
23 Kelting DL,Burger JA,Edwards GS.Estimating root respiration,microbial respiration in the rhizo-sphere,and root-free soil respiration in forest soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1998,30(7):961-968
24高俊琴,欧阳华,白军红.若尔盖高寒湿地土壤活性有机碳垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):76-79[Gao JQ,Ouyang H,Bai JH.Vertical distribution characteristics of soil labile organic carbon in Ruoergai wetland[J].J Soil Water Conserv,2006,20(1):76-79]
25万忠梅,宋长春.土壤酶活性对生态环境的响应研究进展[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):952-954[Wan ZM,Song CC.Advances in research on response of soil enzyme activity to ecological environment[J].Chin JSoil Sci,2009,40(4):952-954]
26邹军.退化喀斯特区植被恢复中土壤酶与土壤呼吸特征研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2008[Zou J.Study on soil enzyme and soil respiration characteristics of karst degeneration vegetation recovery procedure[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2008]
27庞荔丹,张宇飞,马昱萱,周森,王福林.玉米秸秆配氮还田对土壤酶活性、微生物量碳含量及土壤呼吸量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017,1(1):107-112[Pang ZD,Zhang YF,Ma YX,Zhou S,Wang FL.Effect of returning corn stalks to field with nitrogen on soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass carbon content and soil respiration[J].Crops,2017,1(1):107-112]
28 Jones HP,Schmitz OJ.Rapid recovery of damaged ecosystems[J].PLoSONE,2009,4(5):1-6
2张艳如,陈秋文,孙美美,时伟宇,杜盛.黄土丘陵区4种植被类型土壤呼吸季节及年际变化[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(4):1-9[Zhang YR,Chen QW,Sun MM,Shi WY,Du S.Seasonal and interannual variation of soil respiration in four vegetation types on the loess hilly region[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2018,24(4):1-9]
3车升国.黄土高原沟壑区小流域土壤有机碳储量和二氧化碳排放[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010[Che SG.Soil organic carbon storage and carbon emission in small watershed in the gully region of the Loess Plateau[D].Yangling:Northwest agriculture and forest University,2010]
4肖复明.毛竹林生态系统碳平衡特征的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2007[Xiao FM.A study on the characteristics of carbon balance in Phyllostachys edulis plantation ecosystem[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences,2007]
5李元,时伟宇,闫美杰,杜盛,毕润成,李华.土壤呼吸影响因素概述及展望[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):311-316[Li Y,Shi WY,Yan MJ,Du S,Bi RC,Li H.Review and prospect on impact factors of soil respiration[J].Res Soil Water Conserv,2013,20(5):311-316]
6崔骁勇,陈佐忠,陈四清.草地土壤呼吸研究进展[J].生态学报,2001,21(2):315-325[Cui XY,Chen ZZ,Chen SQ.Progress in research on soil respiration of grasslands[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2001,21(2):315-325]
7李裕元,邵明安,郑纪勇,李秋芳.黄土高原北部草地的恢复与重建对土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(6):2279-2287[Li YY,Shao MA,Zheng JY,Li QF.Impact of grassland recovery and reconstruction on soil organic carbon in the northern loess plateau[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2007,27(6):2279-2287]
8 Bowden RD,Nadelhoffer KJ,Boone RD,Melillo JM,Garrison JB.Contribution s of aboveground litter,below ground litter,and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest[J].Can J For Res,1993,23(7):1402-1407
9马涛,于洋,张峰,董彦丽,高金芳.陇东黄土高原不同林龄刺槐林土壤碳通量及其组分特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):196-202[Ma T,Yu Y,Zhang F,Dong YL,Gao LF.Soil carbon flux and component characteristics in the plantation of different-aged Robinia pseudoacacia L.forests in Longdong loess plateau[J].J Soil Water Conserv,2017,31(5):196-202]
10崔海,张亚红.不同封育年限荒漠草原土壤呼吸日、季动态变化及其影响因子[J].环境科学,2016,37(4):1507-1515[Cui H,Zhang YH.Diurnal and seasonal dynamic variation of soil respiration and its influencing factors of different fenced enclosure years in desert steppe[J].Environ Sci,2016,37(4):1507-1515]
11石锋,李玉娥,高清竹,万运帆,秦晓波,金琳,刘运通,武艳娟.管理措施对我国草地土壤有机碳的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(3):9-15[Shi F,Li YE,Gao QZ,Wan YF,Qin XB,Jin L,Liu YT,Wu YJ.Effects of management measures on soil organic carbon of grassland in China[J].Pratacult Sci,2009,26(3):9-15]
12 Lin YM,Deng HJ,Du K,Li J,Lin H,Chen C,Fisher L,Wu CZ,Hong T,Zhang GS.Soil quality assessment in different climate zones of China’s Wenchuan Earthquake affected region[J].Soil Tillage Res,2017,165:315-324
13 Lin YM,Deng HJ,Du K,Rafay L,Zhang GS,Li J,Chen C,Wu CZ,Lin H,Yu W,Fan HL,Ge YG.Combined effects of climate,restoration measures and slope position in change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China[J].Sci Total Environ,2017,596-597:274-283
14李廷亮,孟丽霞,谢英荷,高志强,洪坚平,马红梅,贾俊香,孟会生.黄土旱塬垄膜沟播小麦产量及土壤微生物量对施肥的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(6):1-10[Li TL,Meng LX,Xie YH,Gao ZQ,Hong JP,Ma HM,Jia JX,Meng HS.Response of winter wheat yield and soil microbial biomass to fertilization with ridge mulching-furrow planting in dry highland of Loess Plateau[J].Chin J Appl Environ Biol,2018,24(6):1-10]
15林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010[Lin XG.Research Principles and Methods of Soil Microorganisms[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010]
16袁庆叶,安菁,高俊琴,韩广轩,于飞海.芦苇克隆整合对石油污染湿地土壤微生物群落结构和生物量的影响.生态学报,2018,38(1):215-225[Yuan QY,An J,Gao JQ,Han GX,Yu FH.Effects of clonal integration of Phtagmites autralis on the composition and biomass of soil microbial communities in a wetland contaminated by crude oil.Acta Ecol Sin,2018,38(1):215-225]
17牛钰杰,杨思维,王贵珍,刘丽,杜国祯,花立民.放牧干扰下高寒草甸物种和生活型丰富度与地上及地下生物量的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):2791-2801[Niu YJ,Yang SW,Wang GZ,Liu L,Du GZ,Hua LN.Study on the relationships between plant species richness,lifeform richness,and above-and belowground biomass under grazing disturbance in an alpine meadow[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2018,38(8):2791-2801]
18王红,王邵军,李霁航,阿丽米拉.叶尔肯.森林土壤呼吸及其主要调控因素研究进展[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):92-97[Wang H,Wang SJ,Li JH,Alimila Y.Characteristics and the influencing factors of forest soil respiration:a review[J].J Northwest For Univ,2017,32(1):92-97]
19张新杰,韩国栋,丁海君,张睿洋,王忠武.短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率的土壤呼吸与植物地下生物量的关系[J].草地学报,2015,23(3):483-488[Zhang Xj,Han GD,Ding HJ,Zhang RY,Wang ZW.Relationship between soil respiration and plant belowground biomass under different stocking rates in Stipa brevif lora desert steppe[J].Acta Agrect Sin,2015,23(3):483-488]
20 Reichstein M,Freibauer RA,Tenhunen A.Modeling temporal and largescale spatial variability of soil respiration from soil water availability,temperature and vegetation productivity indices[J].Global Biogeochem Cy,2003,17(4):11-15
21何文,黄玉清,廖建雄,张德楠,黄科朝,周龙武,张春来,徐广平.桂林会仙喀斯特湿地芦苇群落土壤氮的季节变化[J].广西植物,2018,38(1):24-35[He W,Huang YQ,Liao JX,Zhang DN,Huang KC,Zhou LW,Zhang CL,Xu GP.Seasonal change of soil nitrogen content in reed vegetation of Huixian Karst Wetland,Guilin,China[J].Guihaia,2018,38(1):24-35]
22刘纯,刘延坤,金光泽.小兴安岭6种森林类型土壤微生物量的季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):451-459[Liu C,Liu YK,Jin GZ.Seasonal dynamics of soil microbial biomass in six forest types in Xiaoxing’an Mountains,China[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2014,34(2):451-459.]
23 Kelting DL,Burger JA,Edwards GS.Estimating root respiration,microbial respiration in the rhizo-sphere,and root-free soil respiration in forest soils[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1998,30(7):961-968
24高俊琴,欧阳华,白军红.若尔盖高寒湿地土壤活性有机碳垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):76-79[Gao JQ,Ouyang H,Bai JH.Vertical distribution characteristics of soil labile organic carbon in Ruoergai wetland[J].J Soil Water Conserv,2006,20(1):76-79]
25万忠梅,宋长春.土壤酶活性对生态环境的响应研究进展[J].土壤通报,2009,40(4):952-954[Wan ZM,Song CC.Advances in research on response of soil enzyme activity to ecological environment[J].Chin JSoil Sci,2009,40(4):952-954]
26邹军.退化喀斯特区植被恢复中土壤酶与土壤呼吸特征研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2008[Zou J.Study on soil enzyme and soil respiration characteristics of karst degeneration vegetation recovery procedure[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2008]
27庞荔丹,张宇飞,马昱萱,周森,王福林.玉米秸秆配氮还田对土壤酶活性、微生物量碳含量及土壤呼吸量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017,1(1):107-112[Pang ZD,Zhang YF,Ma YX,Zhou S,Wang FL.Effect of returning corn stalks to field with nitrogen on soil enzyme activity,microbial biomass carbon content and soil respiration[J].Crops,2017,1(1):107-112]
28 Jones HP,Schmitz OJ.Rapid recovery of damaged ecosystems[J].PLoSONE,2009,4(5):1-6