太行山南麓刺槐人工林土壤呼吸与土壤温度间的滞后关系
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摘要
【目的】土壤呼吸是陆地生态系统碳循环的一个重要组成部分。本研究在年尺度和日尺度上分析刺槐人工林土壤呼吸与各土层温度间的温度敏感系数(Q_(10))的差异,并探讨土壤呼吸与各土层温度间的时间滞后。【方法】利用土壤呼吸自动观测系统Li-8150对太行山南麓50年生刺槐林进行定位观测。【结果】在年尺度上,刺槐人工林土壤呼吸与各土层温度在时间上的滞后不明显,且呈现显著的指数关系(P <0.001)。Q_(10)在2.23～2.53之间变动,且Q_(10)随土壤温度测量深度的增加而略微增大,指数模型拟合系数(R~2)随土壤温度测量深度的增加而略微减小。土壤呼吸与各土层温度不需要相位校准。在日尺度上,土壤呼吸与各层温度存在时间上的滞后,拟合系数R~2较小,获得Q_(10)并不准确。土壤呼吸与各土层温度需要进行相位校准,校准后的土壤呼吸与土壤温度间的拟合系数R~2增大,获得的Q_(10)更准确,并且Q_(10)值随土壤温度测量深度增加而增加,但是深层(> 20 cm)的Q_(10)过大并不符合生物学规律。在土壤浅层(<20 cm),Q_(10)随深度增加与土层温度变化幅度有关。【结论】在年尺度上,各土层Q_(10)值相差不大,都能较理想反映全年刺槐林土壤呼吸与温度的关系。在日尺度上,本研究推荐使用浅层的Q_(10)来反映日间刺槐林土壤呼吸与土壤温度关系。
[Objective] Soil respiration is one of main components in carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the difference of temperature sensitivity coefficient(Q_(10)) between soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and soil temperature of each soil layer was examined and the time lag between soil respiration and soil temperature of each soil layer was investigated on annual scale and daily scale. [Method] Soil respiration was measured using an automatic positioning observation system Li-8150 in the 50-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the south of the Taihang Mountains. [Result] on the annual scale, soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and the temperature of each soil layer had no time lag and showed a significant exponential relationship(P < 0.001) so that their phase need not be calibrated. Q_(10) varied from 2.23 to 2.53, increased slightly with the measurement depth of soil temperature and the correlation coefficient(R~2) of the exponential model decreased slightly with the measurement depth of soil temperature. On the daily scale, soil respiration and the temperature of each soil layer had a time lag with small R~2 and inaccurate Q_(10). Soil respiration and temperature of each soil layer need to be calibrated in phase to obtain a better R~2 and more accurate Q_(10). Q_(10) increased with the measurement depth of soil temperature after the phase was calibrated, but Q_(10) measured in subsoil(> 20 cm) was too large for biological characteristics. The increase of Q_(10) with soil depth was related with the temperature amplitude of soil layer at the surface layer(< 20 cm). [Conclusion] On the annual scale, the difference of the Q_(10) value of each soil layer was not evident, which can reflect the relationship between soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and temperature. On a daily scale, surface Q_(10) is recommended to reflect the relationship between soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and soil temperature.
[Objective] Soil respiration is one of main components in carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the difference of temperature sensitivity coefficient(Q_(10)) between soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and soil temperature of each soil layer was examined and the time lag between soil respiration and soil temperature of each soil layer was investigated on annual scale and daily scale. [Method] Soil respiration was measured using an automatic positioning observation system Li-8150 in the 50-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia plantation in the south of the Taihang Mountains. [Result] on the annual scale, soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and the temperature of each soil layer had no time lag and showed a significant exponential relationship(P < 0.001) so that their phase need not be calibrated. Q_(10) varied from 2.23 to 2.53, increased slightly with the measurement depth of soil temperature and the correlation coefficient(R~2) of the exponential model decreased slightly with the measurement depth of soil temperature. On the daily scale, soil respiration and the temperature of each soil layer had a time lag with small R~2 and inaccurate Q_(10). Soil respiration and temperature of each soil layer need to be calibrated in phase to obtain a better R~2 and more accurate Q_(10). Q_(10) increased with the measurement depth of soil temperature after the phase was calibrated, but Q_(10) measured in subsoil(> 20 cm) was too large for biological characteristics. The increase of Q_(10) with soil depth was related with the temperature amplitude of soil layer at the surface layer(< 20 cm). [Conclusion] On the annual scale, the difference of the Q_(10) value of each soil layer was not evident, which can reflect the relationship between soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and temperature. On a daily scale, surface Q_(10) is recommended to reflect the relationship between soil respiration of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and soil temperature.
引文
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[5]范分良,黄平容,唐勇军,等.微生物群落对土壤微生物呼吸速率及其温度敏感性的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):932-937.Fan F L,Huang P R,Tang Y J,et al.Altered microbial communities change soil respiration rates and their temperature sensitivity[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(3):932-937.
[6]李炳垠.毛乌素沙地生物结皮的光合及土壤CO2通量特征研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.Li B Y.The study of characteristics of photosynthetic and soil CO2 flux of biocrusts in Mu Us Sandland[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2018.
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[8]Zeng W,Zhang J,Wang W.Strong root respiration response to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in nitrogen-limited temperate forests[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,642:646-655.
[9]Conant R T,Drijber R A,Haddix M L,et al.Sensitivity of organic matter decomposition to warming varies with its quality[J].Global Change Biology,2010,14(4):868-877.
[10]Zhou X,Xu X,Zhou G,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon decomposition increased with mean carbon residence time:field incubation and data assimilation[J].Global Change Biology,2018,24(2):810-822.
[11]Soe A R,Buchmann N.Spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration in relation to stand structure and soil parameters in an unmanaged beech forest[J].Tree Physiology,2005,25(11):1427.
[12]谢明德,陈明智,吴蔚东,等.施肥及环境因子对海南热带橡胶林土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(3):430-438.Xie M D,Chen M Z,Wu W D,et al.Effect of fertilization and environmental factors on soil respiration in tropical rubber plantation in Hainan[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2014,23(3):430-438.
[13]陈亮,刘子亭,韩广轩,等.环境因子和生物因子对黄河三角洲滨海湿地土壤呼吸的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1795-1803.Chen L,Liu Z T,Han G X,et al.Effects of environmental and biotic factors on soil respiration in a coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(6):1795-1803.
[14]Feng J G,Wang J S,Song Y J,et al.Patterns of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in grassland ecosystems across China[J].Biogeosciences,2018,15(17):5329-5341.
[15]Lloyd J,Taylor J A.On the temperature dependence of soil respiration[J].Functional Ecology,1994,8(3):315-323.
[16]姜继韶,郭胜利,王蕊,等.施氮对黄土旱塬区春玉米土壤呼吸和温度敏感性的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(5):1802-1809.Jiang J S,Guo S L,Wang R,et al.Effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and temperature sensitivity in spring maize field in semi-arid regions on Loess Plateau[J].Enviromental Science,2015,36(5):1802-1809.
[17]邓翠,吕茂奎,曾敏,等.红壤侵蚀区植被恢复对土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性的影响[J].土壤学报,2019,56(1):135-145.Deng C,LüM K,Zeng M,et al.Impacts of vegetation restoration on soil respiration and its sensitivity to temperature in eroded red soil area[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2019,56(1):135-145.
[18]Phillips C L,Nickerson N,Risk D,et al.Interpreting diel hysteresis between soil respiration and temperature[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(1):515-527.
[19]Pavelka M,Acosta M,Marek M V,et al.Dependence of the Q10values on the depth of the soil temperature measuring point[J].Plant and Soil,2007,292(1-2):171-179.
[20]Vargas R,Baldocchi D D,Allen M F,et al.Looking deeper into the soil:biophysical controls and seasonal lags of soil CO2production and efflux[J].Ecological Applications:a Publication of the Ecological Society of America,2010,20(6):1569-1582.
[21]Stockfors J.Temperature variations and distribution of living cells within tree stems:implications for stem respiration modeling and scale-up[J].Tree Physiology,2000,20(15):1057-1062.
[22]Wang X,Piao S,Ciais P,et al.Are ecological gradients in seasonal Q10 of soil respiration explained by climate or by vegetation seasonality[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(10):1728-1734.
[23]Xu M,Qi Y.Spatial and seasonal variations of Q10 determined by soil respiration measurements at a Sierra Nevadan forest[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2001,15(3):687-696.
[24]Davidson E.Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest[J].Global Change Biology,2010,4(2):217-227.
[25]Graf A,Weihermüller L,Huisman J A,et al.Measurement depth effects on the apparent temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in field studies[J].Biogeosciences,2008,5(4):1175-1188.
[26]Zhang Q,Katul G G,Oren R,et al.The hysteresis response of soil CO2 concentration and soil respiration to soil temperature[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences,2015,120(8):1605-1618.
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