杉木林土壤化学性质对林分改造及不同坡位的响应
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摘要
研究了林分改造对杉木林土壤化学性质的影响以及不同坡位间的土壤化学性质差异,以期为科学经营管理杉木人工林与有效利用土壤养分提供科学依据。通过引入6种乡土阔叶树种对广东省韶关市小坑林场的原有低效杉木林进行林分改造,并分别于2016年、2017年与2018年对样地不同坡位(上坡、中坡、下坡)的土壤进行采样,测定土壤化学性质。研究结果表明,样地土壤属酸性,pH值范围为3.60～4.36;林分改造期间,除土壤有效磷含量在2016年与2017年在不同坡位间无明显差异,其他养分含量均随坡位降低而显著增加;经过3年林分改造后,除土壤全钾含量和有效磷含量外,其余指标在各坡位均随着时间变化表现为先降后升。综合来看,林分改造对森林的土壤养分水平有一定程度的提高,且下坡位的土壤更加肥沃,说明针阔叶混交林有利于维持和恢复林地土壤肥力。
The differences of soil chemical properties between different slope positions and the effect of stand improvement on soil chemical properties were studied to provide a scientific basis for rational management of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.plantations and effective utilization of soil nutrient. In this study, native broad-leaved seedlings of six tree species were introduced to low efficiency C. lanceolata plantations in Shaoguan city, Guangdong province. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, the soils were sampled in different slope positions(upper-, mid-and down-slope), and soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium,alkalized nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined. During the period of stand improvement, the soil pH value ranged from 3.6 to 4.36, which was rather strong in acidity; except that soil available phosphorus content in 2016 and 2017 had no significant difference, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkalized nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium significantly increased with the decrease of slope position. During stand improvement period, except for the soil total potassium content and effective phosphorus content, other chemical nutrients decreased followed by an increase in each slope position. Generally, stand improvement significantly increased the soil nutrient level of plantations, and the soil at the lower slope was more fertile.
The differences of soil chemical properties between different slope positions and the effect of stand improvement on soil chemical properties were studied to provide a scientific basis for rational management of Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook.plantations and effective utilization of soil nutrient. In this study, native broad-leaved seedlings of six tree species were introduced to low efficiency C. lanceolata plantations in Shaoguan city, Guangdong province. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, the soils were sampled in different slope positions(upper-, mid-and down-slope), and soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium,alkalized nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined. During the period of stand improvement, the soil pH value ranged from 3.6 to 4.36, which was rather strong in acidity; except that soil available phosphorus content in 2016 and 2017 had no significant difference, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, alkalized nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium significantly increased with the decrease of slope position. During stand improvement period, except for the soil total potassium content and effective phosphorus content, other chemical nutrients decreased followed by an increase in each slope position. Generally, stand improvement significantly increased the soil nutrient level of plantations, and the soil at the lower slope was more fertile.
引文
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[23]曹靖,常雅君,苗晶晶,等.黄土高原半干旱区植被重建对不同坡位土壤肥力质量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(1):171-175.
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[25]林维,崔晓阳.地形因子对大兴安岭北端寒温带针叶林土壤有机碳储量的影响[J].森林工程,2017,33(3):1-6.
[26]TAMAI K.Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on topographic variations of soil respiration[J].Biogeosciences,2009,6(6):1133-1142.
[27]KATAYAMA A,ENOKI T,KUME T,et al.Characteristics of soil respiration in upper and lower slope positions with different aboveground biomass:a case study in a Japanese cypress forest[J].Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,2018,74(2):63-70.
[28]刘留辉.基于GIS技术的区域耕地耕层土壤碳储量及其价值时空变化研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[29]薛立,薛晔,列淦文,等.不同坡位杉木林土壤碳储量研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):43-46.
[30]KOOCH Y,SAMADZADEH B,HOSSEINI S M.The effects of broad-leaved tree species on litter quality and soil properties in a plain forest stand[J].Catena,2017,150:223-229.
[31]李栎,王光军,周国新,等.会同桢楠人工幼林土壤C∶N∶P生态化学计量的时空特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(2):96-100.
[32]高雪松,邓良基,张世熔.不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):53-56.
[33]薛立,薛晔,杨振意,等.杉木林改造后的土壤pH和养分动态[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(4):483-488.
[34]邵文静,宋垠先,王成,等.近30年来苏南耕地土壤pH时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(2):264-273.
[35]管惠文,董希斌,唐国华,等.诱导改造对大兴安岭蒙古栎低质林土壤养分的时空影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(5):1-10,22.
[36]陈璟,杨宁.亚热带红壤丘陵区5种人工林对土壤性质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(12):167-178.
[37]侯晓娟,李志,崔诚,等.武功山芒根系垂直分布及其与土壤养分的关系[J].草业科学,2017,34(12):2428-2436.
[38]张顺平,乔杰,孙向阳,等.坡向、坡位对泡桐人工林土壤养分空间分布的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(1):109-116.
[39]陈欣凡,林国伟,洪滔,等.不同林龄杉木千年桐混交林与纯林土壤理化性质特征比较[J].热带作物学报,2017(9):1660-1665.
[40]黄钰辉,张卫强,甘先华,等.南亚热带杉木林改造不同树种配置模式的土壤质量评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):123-130.
[41]方晰,陈金磊,王留芳,等.亚热带森林土壤磷有效性及其影响因素的研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(12):1-12.
[42]王棣,耿增超,佘雕,等.秦岭典型林分土壤有机碳储量及碳氮垂直分布[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5421-5429.
[43]李胜平,王克林.人为干扰对桂西北喀斯特山地植被多样性及土壤养分分布的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):20-27.
[2]KOOCH Y,SANJI R,TABARI M.Increasing tree diversity enhances microbial and enzyme activities in temperate Iranian forests[J].Trees,2018(7):1-14.
[3]ZHANG B,THOMAS B W,BECK R,et al.Labile soil organic matter in response to long-term cattle grazing on sloped rough fescue grassland in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains,Alberta[J].Geoderma,2018,318:9-15.
[4]CHUAI X W,HUANG X W,WANG W J,et al.Spatial variability of soil organic carbon and related factors in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Pedosphere,2012,22(3):404-414.
[5]HAYNES R J.Labile organic matter as an indicator of organic matter quality in arable and pastoral soils in New Zealand[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2000,32(2):211-219.
[6]邓继峰,李景浩,宋依璇,等.油松和樟子松人工林不同坡位土壤养分特征及其与生长性状的关系--以辽东地区为例[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2017(5):522-529.
[7]刘淑萍.马尾松林下套种阔叶树对马尾松林分生长及土壤改良的影响[J].亚热带农业研究,2016,12(1):25-31.
[8]薛立,薛晔,吴敏,等.不同坡位火力楠林土壤肥力变化特征[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(6):51-54.
[9]侯晓丽,薛晔,薛立,等.不同坡位杉木林土壤物理性质和养分的时空变化[J].安徽农业大学学报,2013,40(5):721-725.
[10]刘淑娟,张伟,王克林,等.桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地表层土壤养分时空分异特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(11):3036-3043.
[11]刘庆,尹华军,程新颖,等.中国人工林生态系统的可持续更新问题与对策[J].世界林业研究,2010,23(1):71-75.
[12]张鼎华,林开淼,李宝福,等.杉木、马尾松及其混交林根际土壤磷素特征[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(11):2815-2821.
[13]陈凤霞,许松葵,薛立,等.冰雪灾害对杉木林土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(20):5466-5474.
[14]周德明,马玉莹,梅杰.不同林龄杉木林地土壤特性分析[J].土壤通报,2012(2):353-356.
[15]陈文静.川西次生灌丛和不同类型人工林对土壤养分的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2017,23(6):1081-1088.
[16]YANG K,ZHU J J,YAN Q L,et al.Changes in soil P chemistry as affected by conversion of natural secondary forests to larch plantations[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2010,260(3):422-428.
[17]KOOCH Y,TARIGHAT F S,HOSSEINI S M.Tree species effects on soil chemical,biochemical and biological features in mixed Caspian lowland forests[J].Trees,2016,31(3):1-10.
[18]LARS V,INGERK S,INGEBORG C,et al.Carbon and nitrogen in forest floor and mineral soil under six common European tree species[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2008,255(1):35-48.
[19]万晓华,黄志群,何宗明,等.阔叶和杉木人工林对土壤碳氮库的影响比较[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(2):345-350.
[20]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:30-106.
[21]刘立武,佘济云,伍倩,等.海南通什低质低效次生林林下植被多样性与土壤养分特征--以加勒比松林为例[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(7):74-79.
[22]方怡然,李洁,薛立.加勒比松林分改造对土壤化学性质和酶活性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2018,39(1):91-97.
[23]曹靖,常雅君,苗晶晶,等.黄土高原半干旱区植被重建对不同坡位土壤肥力质量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(1):171-175.
[24]CHEN Y L,HAN S J,SHI X M.Nutrient characteristics in rhizosphere of pure and mixed plantations of Manchurian walnut and Dahurian larch[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2001,12(1):18-20.
[25]林维,崔晓阳.地形因子对大兴安岭北端寒温带针叶林土壤有机碳储量的影响[J].森林工程,2017,33(3):1-6.
[26]TAMAI K.Effects of environmental factors and soil properties on topographic variations of soil respiration[J].Biogeosciences,2009,6(6):1133-1142.
[27]KATAYAMA A,ENOKI T,KUME T,et al.Characteristics of soil respiration in upper and lower slope positions with different aboveground biomass:a case study in a Japanese cypress forest[J].Journal of Agricultural Meteorology,2018,74(2):63-70.
[28]刘留辉.基于GIS技术的区域耕地耕层土壤碳储量及其价值时空变化研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[29]薛立,薛晔,列淦文,等.不同坡位杉木林土壤碳储量研究[J].水土保持通报,2012,32(6):43-46.
[30]KOOCH Y,SAMADZADEH B,HOSSEINI S M.The effects of broad-leaved tree species on litter quality and soil properties in a plain forest stand[J].Catena,2017,150:223-229.
[31]李栎,王光军,周国新,等.会同桢楠人工幼林土壤C∶N∶P生态化学计量的时空特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(2):96-100.
[32]高雪松,邓良基,张世熔.不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):53-56.
[33]薛立,薛晔,杨振意,等.杉木林改造后的土壤pH和养分动态[J].安徽农业大学学报,2012,39(4):483-488.
[34]邵文静,宋垠先,王成,等.近30年来苏南耕地土壤pH时空变化特征及影响因素分析[J].高校地质学报,2016,22(2):264-273.
[35]管惠文,董希斌,唐国华,等.诱导改造对大兴安岭蒙古栎低质林土壤养分的时空影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(5):1-10,22.
[36]陈璟,杨宁.亚热带红壤丘陵区5种人工林对土壤性质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(12):167-178.
[37]侯晓娟,李志,崔诚,等.武功山芒根系垂直分布及其与土壤养分的关系[J].草业科学,2017,34(12):2428-2436.
[38]张顺平,乔杰,孙向阳,等.坡向、坡位对泡桐人工林土壤养分空间分布的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2015,35(1):109-116.
[39]陈欣凡,林国伟,洪滔,等.不同林龄杉木千年桐混交林与纯林土壤理化性质特征比较[J].热带作物学报,2017(9):1660-1665.
[40]黄钰辉,张卫强,甘先华,等.南亚热带杉木林改造不同树种配置模式的土壤质量评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(3):123-130.
[41]方晰,陈金磊,王留芳,等.亚热带森林土壤磷有效性及其影响因素的研究进展[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(12):1-12.
[42]王棣,耿增超,佘雕,等.秦岭典型林分土壤有机碳储量及碳氮垂直分布[J].生态学报,2015,35(16):5421-5429.
[43]李胜平,王克林.人为干扰对桂西北喀斯特山地植被多样性及土壤养分分布的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(5):20-27.
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