西藏渔业资源现状、存在问题及保护对策
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摘要
西藏自治区是中国平均海拔最高、河流数量最多、湖泊面积最大的省区,也是西南重要安全屏障,战略地位尤为凸显。近年来,西藏雅鲁藏布江等重点水域受到外来物种入侵、过度捕捞、水电工程建设等人类活动影响,渔业资源出现衰退趋势。本团队在西藏拉萨、山南、林芝、日喀则等主要城市重点走访调研西藏渔业产业规模、渔业资源和设施装备建设现状,在雅鲁藏布江流域开展实地渔业资源环境科学考察,分析梳理西藏渔业产业、渔政队伍建设和渔业基础设施装备现状面临的主要问题及其影响因素,以期为了解西藏渔业产业发展和渔业资源现状提供必要的数据支撑,为有关部门制定涉及西藏渔业资源环境相关政策法规提供参考。
Xizang Autonomous Region is the area where there is the highest average altitude, the most rivers and the largest area of lakes in China, and an important security barrier in the southwest, and particularly prominent strategic position. In recent years, the key waters such as the Yarlung Zangbo River have been affected by the invasion of alien species, overfishing, hydropower projects and other human activities, showing declining trend of fishery resources. We made social surveys in major cities including Lhasa, Shannan,Nyingchi, Shigatse for Tibetan fishery resources management laws and regulations, the status of fishery management teams and facilities and equipment construction. Meanwhile,fishery resources and environment was scientifically surveyed in the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The main problems in management of Tibet fishery resources were discussed, and countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in order to provide data with the establishment of Tibet fishery management and law enforcement system and the relevant policies and regulations of fishery resources and environment in Xizang Autonomous Region.
Xizang Autonomous Region is the area where there is the highest average altitude, the most rivers and the largest area of lakes in China, and an important security barrier in the southwest, and particularly prominent strategic position. In recent years, the key waters such as the Yarlung Zangbo River have been affected by the invasion of alien species, overfishing, hydropower projects and other human activities, showing declining trend of fishery resources. We made social surveys in major cities including Lhasa, Shannan,Nyingchi, Shigatse for Tibetan fishery resources management laws and regulations, the status of fishery management teams and facilities and equipment construction. Meanwhile,fishery resources and environment was scientifically surveyed in the Yarlung Tsangpo River. The main problems in management of Tibet fishery resources were discussed, and countermeasures and suggestions were put forward in order to provide data with the establishment of Tibet fishery management and law enforcement system and the relevant policies and regulations of fishery resources and environment in Xizang Autonomous Region.
引文
[1]孙大义.西藏水环境水生态水资源开发利用的创新规划与管理构想[A].国家环境保护总局、中华环保联合会.第三届环境与发展中国论坛论文集[C].国家环境保护总局、中华环保联合会,2007:4.
[2]扎西次仁,其美多吉.浅析西藏鱼类资源及渔业经济[J].西藏大学学报:汉文版,1993(3):83-86.
[3]张春霖,王文滨.西藏鱼类初篇[J].动物学报,1962(4):529-536.
[4]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的条鳅属(Nemachilus)鱼类[J].动物学报,1963(4):624-632.
[5]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的裸鲤属(Gymnocypris)鱼类[J].动物学报,1964(1):139-150.
[6]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的鱼类[J].动物学报,1964(2):272-282.
[7]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的裸裂尻鱼属(Schizopygopsis)鱼类[J].动物学报,1964(4):661-673.
[8]武云飞,吴翠珍.青藏高原鱼类[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1992.
[9]张春光,邢林.西藏地区的鱼类及渔业区划[J].自然资源学报,1996(2):157-163.
[10]西藏自治区水产局.西藏鱼类及其资源[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[11]曹文宣,陈宜瑜,武云飞.裂腹鱼类的起源和演化及其与青藏高原隆起的关系[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[12]何德奎,陈毅峰.高度特化等级裂腹鱼类分子系统发育与生物地理学[J].科学通报,2007(3):303-312.
[13]范丽卿,土艳丽,李建川,等.拉萨市拉鲁湿地鱼类现状与保护[J].资源科学,2011,33(9):1742-1749.
[14]丁慧萍,覃剑晖,林少卿,等.拉萨市茶巴朗湿地的外来鱼类[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):49-55.
[15]张驰,李宝海,周建设,等.西藏渔业资源保护现状、问题及对策[J].水产学杂志,2014,27(1):68-72.
[16]蔡斌.西藏鱼类资源及其合理利用[J].中国渔业经济研究,1997(4):38-40.
[17]周建设,李宝海,潘瑛子,等.西藏渔业资源调查研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(5):53-57.
[18]本刊讯.汉藏情深,挽手同行──青岛罗非鱼良种场支援西藏发展淡水渔业[J].中国水产,1999(7):50.
[19]张良松,嘎路,何永平.西藏林芝地区渔业发展的几点思考[J].中国水产,2011(4):31-32.
[20]周建设,李宝海,扎西拉姆,等.西藏罗非鱼养殖现状及发展前景[J].农学学报,2013,3(6):72-74.
[21]李宝海,李顺凯,谢明文,等.西藏山南虹鳟鱼养殖结果初报[J].西藏科技,2005(5):16-17,32.
[22]本刊讯.农业部积极推进渔业扶贫及援疆援藏行动[J].中国水产,2017(5):6-8.
[23]亚东.亚东鲑鱼的保护与开发利用[N].中国渔业报,2012-05-14(003).
[24]农业部渔业渔政管理局编制.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].中国农业出版社:北京,2017.
[25]刘海平,朱洪云.西藏鱼类资源保护的地方立法现状与思考[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(1):86-89.
[26]西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国渔业法》办法[N].西藏日报,2006-02-13(006).
[27]钱志林,雷云雷.西藏渔业考察报告[J].中国渔业经济研究,1996(4):13-14.
[28]朱挺兵,刘海平,李学梅,等.西藏鱼类增殖放流初报[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(5):34-39.
[29]扎西拉姆,吕红健,张弛,等.西藏鱼类放生存在的问题及解决对策[J].中国水产,2017(9):32-35.
[30]王思莹,杨文俊,黄明海,王智娟.我国鱼类洄游通道和生境恢复技术研究现状分析[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(8):11-17.
[2]扎西次仁,其美多吉.浅析西藏鱼类资源及渔业经济[J].西藏大学学报:汉文版,1993(3):83-86.
[3]张春霖,王文滨.西藏鱼类初篇[J].动物学报,1962(4):529-536.
[4]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的条鳅属(Nemachilus)鱼类[J].动物学报,1963(4):624-632.
[5]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的裸鲤属(Gymnocypris)鱼类[J].动物学报,1964(1):139-150.
[6]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的鱼类[J].动物学报,1964(2):272-282.
[7]张春霖,岳佐和,黄宏金.西藏南部的裸裂尻鱼属(Schizopygopsis)鱼类[J].动物学报,1964(4):661-673.
[8]武云飞,吴翠珍.青藏高原鱼类[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1992.
[9]张春光,邢林.西藏地区的鱼类及渔业区划[J].自然资源学报,1996(2):157-163.
[10]西藏自治区水产局.西藏鱼类及其资源[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1995.
[11]曹文宣,陈宜瑜,武云飞.裂腹鱼类的起源和演化及其与青藏高原隆起的关系[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[12]何德奎,陈毅峰.高度特化等级裂腹鱼类分子系统发育与生物地理学[J].科学通报,2007(3):303-312.
[13]范丽卿,土艳丽,李建川,等.拉萨市拉鲁湿地鱼类现状与保护[J].资源科学,2011,33(9):1742-1749.
[14]丁慧萍,覃剑晖,林少卿,等.拉萨市茶巴朗湿地的外来鱼类[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):49-55.
[15]张驰,李宝海,周建设,等.西藏渔业资源保护现状、问题及对策[J].水产学杂志,2014,27(1):68-72.
[16]蔡斌.西藏鱼类资源及其合理利用[J].中国渔业经济研究,1997(4):38-40.
[17]周建设,李宝海,潘瑛子,等.西藏渔业资源调查研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(5):53-57.
[18]本刊讯.汉藏情深,挽手同行──青岛罗非鱼良种场支援西藏发展淡水渔业[J].中国水产,1999(7):50.
[19]张良松,嘎路,何永平.西藏林芝地区渔业发展的几点思考[J].中国水产,2011(4):31-32.
[20]周建设,李宝海,扎西拉姆,等.西藏罗非鱼养殖现状及发展前景[J].农学学报,2013,3(6):72-74.
[21]李宝海,李顺凯,谢明文,等.西藏山南虹鳟鱼养殖结果初报[J].西藏科技,2005(5):16-17,32.
[22]本刊讯.农业部积极推进渔业扶贫及援疆援藏行动[J].中国水产,2017(5):6-8.
[23]亚东.亚东鲑鱼的保护与开发利用[N].中国渔业报,2012-05-14(003).
[24]农业部渔业渔政管理局编制.中国渔业统计年鉴[M].中国农业出版社:北京,2017.
[25]刘海平,朱洪云.西藏鱼类资源保护的地方立法现状与思考[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(1):86-89.
[26]西藏自治区实施《中华人民共和国渔业法》办法[N].西藏日报,2006-02-13(006).
[27]钱志林,雷云雷.西藏渔业考察报告[J].中国渔业经济研究,1996(4):13-14.
[28]朱挺兵,刘海平,李学梅,等.西藏鱼类增殖放流初报[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(5):34-39.
[29]扎西拉姆,吕红健,张弛,等.西藏鱼类放生存在的问题及解决对策[J].中国水产,2017(9):32-35.
[30]王思莹,杨文俊,黄明海,王智娟.我国鱼类洄游通道和生境恢复技术研究现状分析[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(8):11-17.
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