栖息地模拟中指示物种的选取方法研究
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摘要
指示物种的选取是栖息地模拟中的关键一环,为了选取澜沧江流域的指示物种,以澜沧江中游漫湾大坝为例,通过调查大坝建设前后的水生生态系统和鱼类资源,建立ESHIPPO-PPm模型,评估澜沧江流域四种特有鱼类(中国结鱼Tor sinensis、红鳍方口鲃Cosmochiluscardinalis、宽头华鲮Sinilabeolaticeps、云南裂腹鱼Schizothoraxyunnanensis)的灭绝风险,并根据调查和风险分析结果选取该地区的指示鱼种。结果表明:根据生态适宜(ES)与HIPPO系统因子的得分,中国结鱼和红鳍方口鲃的生态适宜性最好,宽头华鲮和云南裂腹鱼的生态适宜性居中;宽头华鲮和云南裂腹鱼的灭绝风险适中,中国结鱼和红鳍方口鲃处于灭绝风险临界值。按照保护优先级(PP)物种得分高低依次为:红鳍方口鲃(76)>中国结鱼(74,风险水平显著)>宽头华鲮(62)>云南裂腹鱼(60)。中国结鱼是澜沧江流域特有的经济鱼类,种群数量大,易捕获,养殖成本低,对环境的敏感性较高,是该区域生境质量变化较好的鱼类指示物种。
The selection of indicator species is a key part in habitat simulation. In order to select indicator species of Lancang River, takes the Manwan dam as an example, which is located at the middle reaches of Langcang River. Through surveying the aquatic ecosystems and fish resources before and after dam construction, establishes an ESHIPPO-PPm model, then evaluating the extinction risk of four endemic characteristic fish species(Tor sinensis, Cosmochiluscardinalis, Sinilabeolaticeps, Schizothoraxyunnanensisare) in Lancang River basin. The indicator fish species of the study site is selected based on the results of the survey and risk analysis. The result shows that, according to the scores based on ecological suitability(ES) and HIPPO system factors, the ecological suitability of Tor sinensis and Cosmochiluscardinalis are best, while Sinilabeolaticeps and Schizothoraxyunnanensis are middle; the extinction risk of Sinilabeolaticeps and Schizothoraxyunnanensis are moderate, while Cosmochiluscardinalis and Tor sinensis are close to the critical limit of extinction. According to the protection priority(PP), the order of the species' s score from high to low is Cosmochiluscardinalis(76), Tor sinensis(74, belongs to the level of significant risk), Sinilabeolaticeps(62) and Schizothoraxyunnanensis(60). Tor sinensis has a large population, easily catching, and has a high sensitivity to the environment, which is an important economic fish to the Lancang River basin, is a better fish species to indicate the habitat quality variation of the area.
The selection of indicator species is a key part in habitat simulation. In order to select indicator species of Lancang River, takes the Manwan dam as an example, which is located at the middle reaches of Langcang River. Through surveying the aquatic ecosystems and fish resources before and after dam construction, establishes an ESHIPPO-PPm model, then evaluating the extinction risk of four endemic characteristic fish species(Tor sinensis, Cosmochiluscardinalis, Sinilabeolaticeps, Schizothoraxyunnanensisare) in Lancang River basin. The indicator fish species of the study site is selected based on the results of the survey and risk analysis. The result shows that, according to the scores based on ecological suitability(ES) and HIPPO system factors, the ecological suitability of Tor sinensis and Cosmochiluscardinalis are best, while Sinilabeolaticeps and Schizothoraxyunnanensis are middle; the extinction risk of Sinilabeolaticeps and Schizothoraxyunnanensis are moderate, while Cosmochiluscardinalis and Tor sinensis are close to the critical limit of extinction. According to the protection priority(PP), the order of the species' s score from high to low is Cosmochiluscardinalis(76), Tor sinensis(74, belongs to the level of significant risk), Sinilabeolaticeps(62) and Schizothoraxyunnanensis(60). Tor sinensis has a large population, easily catching, and has a high sensitivity to the environment, which is an important economic fish to the Lancang River basin, is a better fish species to indicate the habitat quality variation of the area.
引文
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[22]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色名录[J].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[23]褚新洛.云南鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[24]乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.中国濒危动物红皮书:鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[2]GORE J A,CRAWFORD D J,ADDISON D S.An analysis of artificial riffles and enhancement of benthic community diversity by physical habitat simulation(PHABSIM)and direct observation[J].River Research&Applications,2015,14(1):69-77.
[3]LI F,CAI Q,FU X,et al.Construction of habitat suitability models(HSMs)for benthic macroinvertebrate and their applications to instream environmental flows:A case study in Xiangxi River of Three Gorges Reservior region,China[J].Progress in Natural Science:Materials International,2009,19(3):359-367.
[4]BROEKHOVEN E V,ADRIAENSSENS V,BAETS B D,et al.Fuzzy rule-based macroinvertebrate habitat suitability models for running waters[J].Ecological Modelling,2006,198(1-2):71-84.
[5]COSTA R M S,MART■NEZ-CAPEL F,MU■OZ-MAS R,et al.Habitat suitability modelling at mesohabitat scale and effects of dam operation on the endangered júcar nase,parachondrostoma arrigonis(RIVER CABRIEL,SPAIN)[J].River Research&Applications,2012,28(6):740-752.
[6]MU■OZ-MAS R,MART■NEZ-CAPEL F,SCHNEIDER M,et al.Assessment of brown trout habitat suitability in the Jucar River Basin(SPAIN):comparison of data-driven approaches with fuzzy-logic models and univariate suitability curves[J].Science of the Total Environment,2012,440(3):123-131.
[7]LANDRES P B,VERNER J,THOMAS J W.Ecological uses of vertebrate indicator species:a critique[J].Conservation Biology,1988,2(4):316-328.
[8]SIMIC'V,SIMIC'S,PAUNOVIC'M,et al.Model of the assessment of the critical risk of extinction and the priorities of protection of endangered aquatic species at the national level[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2007,16(9):2471-2493.
[9]王娟.中国云南澜沧江自然保护区科学考察研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[10]HE Y L,ZHANG Y P.The climate characteristics and change trends on basins of Lancangjiang Valley in Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2004,22(5):539-548.
[11]BERNARD J M,TUTTLE R W.Stream Corridor Restoration:Principles,Processes,and Practices[C].Wetland Engineering and River Restoration Conference.1998:320-325.
[12]WHITEHEAD A L,KUJALA H,IVES C D,et al.Integrating biological and social values when prioritizing places for biodiversity conservation[J].Conservation Biology,2014,28(4):992-1003.
[13]LI J,DONG S,LIU S,et al.Effects of cascading hydropower dams on the composition,biomass and biological integrity of phytoplankton assemblages in the middle Lancang-Mekong River[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:316-324.
[14]HE Y L,ZHANG Y P.The climate characteristics and change trends on basins of Lancangjiang Valley in Yunnan Province[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2004,22(5):539-548.
[15]刘明典,陈大庆,段辛斌,等.澜沧江云南段鱼类区系组成与分布[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(1):156-170.
[16]云南大学生命科学与化学学院,云南省漫湾发电厂.云南澜沧江漫湾水电站库区生态环境与生物资源[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2000.
[17]黄光明,王海龙,王伟营,等.澜沧江流域鱼类栖息地保护实践[J].水生态学杂志,2015,36(6):86-92.
[18]LI J,DONG S,PENG M,et al.Effects of damming on the biological integrity of fish assemblages in the middle Lancang-Mekong River basin[J].Ecological Indicators,2013,34:94-102.
[19]LI J,DONG S,LIU S,et al.Effects of cascading hydropower dams on the composition,biomass and biological integrity of phytoplankton assemblages in the middle Lancang-Mekong River[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,60:316-324.
[20]LU B,SHEN F,TONG X,et al.The correlation between fish diversity and hydrological parameters in Lancang-Mekong River and its upper tributaries[J].Journal of Kunming University,2010,32(3):58-61.
[21]LI J P,DONG S K,PENG M C,et al.Effects of cascading hydropower dams operation on the structure and distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Manwan Reservoir,Southwest China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(12):4101-4108.
[22]汪松,解焱.中国物种红色名录[J].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[23]褚新洛.云南鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[24]乐佩琦,陈宜瑜.中国濒危动物红皮书:鱼类[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
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