甘肃省徽县不同退耕还林模式下土壤纤毛虫群落特征
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摘要
为了解土壤纤毛虫群落对退耕还林生态恢复的响应且将其作为评价生态恢复效果的重要参数,采用"非淹没培养皿法"、活体观察法和培养直接计数法对甘肃省陇南市徽县退耕还林区3个不同退还林型样点和1个撂荒地(对照)样点的土壤纤毛虫群落特征、植被群落特征和土壤理化指标进行了研究。结果显示:共鉴定土壤纤毛虫127种,隶属于9纲18目28科47属,恢复样点的土壤纤毛虫物种数、密度和物种多样性指数均显著高于对照样点;优势类群由对照样点的肾形目(Colpodida)演替为恢复样点的散毛目(Sporadotrichida),即随着退耕还林工程的进行,纤毛虫群落趋于复杂化。相关性分析显示,土壤纤毛虫群落与地上植被关系密切,且含水量、有机质、全氮和电导率为影响土壤纤毛虫群落组成的主导因子。该结果表明,退耕还林后,植被逐渐恢复,土壤理化因子发生变化,土壤纤毛虫群落对生态环境的恢复做出了积极的响应,因此土壤纤毛虫群落特征参数可以作为评价退耕还林效果的重要指标。
The responses of soil ciliate communities to the returning of cropland to forest were investigated to examine whether ciliates can be used to evaluate the effects of ecological restoration.Four sampling sites were selected,with three different returned forest types and an abandoned land as control in Hui County of Longnan City,Gansu Province,China. At each site,the community characteristics of soil ciliates and vegetation,along with physical and chemical parameters of the soil,were analyzed. Ciliates were isolated from the soil using non-flooded Petri dish method and in vivo observation. Enumeration was carried out using direct-culture counting method. A total of 127 soil ciliate species belonging to 9 classes,18 orders,28 families,and 47 genera were identified. The species richness,density,and species diversity index of soil ciliates in the ecologically restored sites were significantly higher than those of the control site. The dominant group changed from Colpodida in control site to Sporadotrichida in ecologically restored sites,indicating that soil ciliate communities tended to complicate with the progress of the returning cropland to forest project. Soil ciliate community characteristics were closely related to vegetation type. Soil water content,organic matter content,total nitrogen content,and electrical conductivity were the dominant factors affecting soil ciliate community composition. After returning cropland to forest,the vegetation gradually recovered,soil physical-chemical factors changed,and soil ciliate communities showed positive response to the restoration of ecological environment. These findings suggest that ciliate community composition can be used as an indicator for the successful restoration of cropland to forest.
The responses of soil ciliate communities to the returning of cropland to forest were investigated to examine whether ciliates can be used to evaluate the effects of ecological restoration.Four sampling sites were selected,with three different returned forest types and an abandoned land as control in Hui County of Longnan City,Gansu Province,China. At each site,the community characteristics of soil ciliates and vegetation,along with physical and chemical parameters of the soil,were analyzed. Ciliates were isolated from the soil using non-flooded Petri dish method and in vivo observation. Enumeration was carried out using direct-culture counting method. A total of 127 soil ciliate species belonging to 9 classes,18 orders,28 families,and 47 genera were identified. The species richness,density,and species diversity index of soil ciliates in the ecologically restored sites were significantly higher than those of the control site. The dominant group changed from Colpodida in control site to Sporadotrichida in ecologically restored sites,indicating that soil ciliate communities tended to complicate with the progress of the returning cropland to forest project. Soil ciliate community characteristics were closely related to vegetation type. Soil water content,organic matter content,total nitrogen content,and electrical conductivity were the dominant factors affecting soil ciliate community composition. After returning cropland to forest,the vegetation gradually recovered,soil physical-chemical factors changed,and soil ciliate communities showed positive response to the restoration of ecological environment. These findings suggest that ciliate community composition can be used as an indicator for the successful restoration of cropland to forest.
引文
陈孟立,曾全超,黄懿梅,等.2018.黄土丘陵区退耕还林还草对土壤细菌群落结构的影响.环境科学,39(4):1824-1832.
陈娅苗.2017.退耕还林地土壤养分动态分析.乡村科技,(34):56-58.
华瑞.2016.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限林草地土壤结构及大孔隙研究(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
黄宇,冯宗炜,汪思龙,等.2005.杉木、火力楠纯林及其混交林生态系统C、N贮量.生态学报,25(12):3146-3154.
李朝晖,华春,虞蔚岩,等.2014.南京方山生态公园不同人工植被土壤动物群落结构时空变化.长江流域资源与环境,23(5):722-728.
李敏,姚顺波.2016.退耕还林工程综合效益评价.西北农林科技大学学报,16(3):118-124.
李世东.2002.中外退耕还林还草之比较及其启示.世界林业研究,15(2):23-27.
李涛,刘苑秋,郭圣茂,等.2012.瑞昌石灰岩红壤区退耕还林土壤动物群落特征.应用生态学报,23(4):910-916.
林虹,陈先刚.2018.乌蒙山区环境中退耕还林主要林分土壤有机碳变化对比.环境与发展,30(2):112-113.
刘娇妹,李树华,吴菲,等.2007.纯林、混交林型园林绿地的生态效益.生态学报,27(2):674-684.
刘雨迪,成艳红.2015.不同林地类型对土壤性质和线虫群落结构的影响.上海交通大学学报,33(5):83-89.
马正学,贺鹏辉,秦洁,等.2009.甘肃徽县铅锌污染农业区冬季土壤纤毛虫群落特征.农业环境科学学报,28(6):1127-1135.
马正学,申海香,宁应之,等.2008.甘肃小陇山桃花沟森林公园土壤纤毛虫的群落特征.生态学杂志,27(2):208-212.
宁应之,沈韫芬.1998.中国典型地带土壤原生动物:Ⅰ.区系特征和物种分布.动物学报,44(1):6-11.
宁应之,王红军,禹娟红,等.2011.甘肃定西华家岭土壤纤毛虫群落对生态恢复的响应.动物学研究,32(2):223-231.
宁应之,王婷婷,董玟含,等.2017.庆城县退耕还林区春季土壤纤毛虫群落特征.西北师范大学学报,53(2):88-93.
宁应之,武维宁,杜海峰,等.2016.纤毛虫群落对退耕还林生态恢复的响应---以侧柏林为例.生态学报,36(2):288-297.
宁应之,杨永强,董玟含,等.2018.土壤纤毛虫群落对不同退还模式生态恢复的响应.生态学报,38(10):302-309.
沈韫芬,顾曼如,龚循矩,等.1990.微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
宋雪英,宋玉芳,孙铁珩,等.2004.土壤原生动物对环境污染的生物指示作用.应用生态学报,15(10):1979-1982.
孙焱鑫,林启美,赵小蓉.2003.三种纤毛虫对土壤微生物量和有效氮磷含量的影响.生态学报,23(6):1230-1233.
孙宇瑞.2000.土壤含水率和盐分对土壤电导率的影响.中国农业大学学报,5(4):39-41.
田晓堃,王鹏程,汪来发,等.2010.三峡库区杉木马尾松混交林和马尾松纯林的土壤含水量空间变异性.林业科学研究,23(2):246-251.
王得祥.2001.西北地区退耕还林(草)及其植被恢复途径研究(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
王月玲,王思成,蔡进军,等.2017.半干旱黄土丘陵区退耕地林草植被恢复对土壤质量影响评价.水土保持通报,37(5):22-26.
韦国富,黄承标,覃文更,等.2009.木论自然保护区森林土壤的理化特性.亚热带农业研究,5(3):180-183.
吴迪,张萌萌,张钰莹,等.2017.帽儿山针阔混交林及纯林土壤碳代谢微生物群落特征研究.南京林业大学学报,41(2):81-89.
杨恩让,韩昭侠.2013.秦岭华山松红桦混交林与纯林生长调查.陕西林业科技,(5):10-12.
张灿,刘旻霞,李瑞,等.2017.甘南亚高寒草甸冷暖季土壤纤毛虫群落对坡向的响应.生态学杂志,36(9):2465-2472.
章家恩,秦钟,李庆芳.2011.不同土地利用方式下土壤动物群落的聚类与排序.生态学杂志,30(12):2849-2856.
邹涛.2008.二萜类化合物对土壤纤毛虫的毒性效应(硕士学位论文).兰州:西北师范大学.
Berger H.1999.Monograph of the Oxytrichidae(Ciliophora,Hypotrichia).London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Berger H.2011.Monograph of the Gonostomatidae and Kahliellidae(Ciliophora,Hypotricha).London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Campbell CD,Warren A,Cameron CM,et al.1997.Direct toxicity assessment of two soils amended with sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals using a protozoan(Colpoda steinii)bioassay.Chemosphere,34:501-514.
Du YH,Zhao YJ,Tang FH.2018.A new molecular approach based on the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA for phylogenetic analysis of mobilid ciliates.Current Microbiology,75:296-304.
Engler A,Melchior H,Mattick F.1964.Ubersichtüber die Florengebiete der Erde.Berlin:Gebr.Borntraeger Publishers.
Foissner W,Agatha S,Berger H.2002.Soil Ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora)from Namibia(Southwest Africa),with Emphasis on Two Contrasting Environments,the Etosha Region and the Namib Desert.Denisia,5:1-1063.
Foissner W.1992.Estimating the species richness of soil protozoa using the“non-flooded petridish method”//Lee JJ,Soldo AT.Protocols in Protozoology.Lawrence:Allen Press:B-10.1,B-10.2.
Foissner W.1993.Colpodea(Ciliophora).Stuttgart:Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Li FC,Li YB,Luo D,et al.2018.Morphology,morphogenesis,and molecular phylogeny of a new soil ciliate,Sterkiella multicirrata sp.nov.(Ciliophora,Hypotrichia)from China.Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,65:627-636.
Lynn DH.2008.The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization,Classification,and Guide to the Literature.Berlin:Springer Science&Business Media.
Pielou EC.1966.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections.Journal of Theoretical Biology,13:131-144.
Shannon CE,Weaver W.1949.The mathematical theory information.Mathematical Gazette,97:170-180.
Simpson EH.1949.The measurement of diversity.Nature,163:688.
Wilbert N.1975.An improved technique of protargol impregnation for ciliates.Mikrokosmos,64:171-179.
陈娅苗.2017.退耕还林地土壤养分动态分析.乡村科技,(34):56-58.
华瑞.2016.黄土丘陵区不同退耕年限林草地土壤结构及大孔隙研究(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
黄宇,冯宗炜,汪思龙,等.2005.杉木、火力楠纯林及其混交林生态系统C、N贮量.生态学报,25(12):3146-3154.
李朝晖,华春,虞蔚岩,等.2014.南京方山生态公园不同人工植被土壤动物群落结构时空变化.长江流域资源与环境,23(5):722-728.
李敏,姚顺波.2016.退耕还林工程综合效益评价.西北农林科技大学学报,16(3):118-124.
李世东.2002.中外退耕还林还草之比较及其启示.世界林业研究,15(2):23-27.
李涛,刘苑秋,郭圣茂,等.2012.瑞昌石灰岩红壤区退耕还林土壤动物群落特征.应用生态学报,23(4):910-916.
林虹,陈先刚.2018.乌蒙山区环境中退耕还林主要林分土壤有机碳变化对比.环境与发展,30(2):112-113.
刘娇妹,李树华,吴菲,等.2007.纯林、混交林型园林绿地的生态效益.生态学报,27(2):674-684.
刘雨迪,成艳红.2015.不同林地类型对土壤性质和线虫群落结构的影响.上海交通大学学报,33(5):83-89.
马正学,贺鹏辉,秦洁,等.2009.甘肃徽县铅锌污染农业区冬季土壤纤毛虫群落特征.农业环境科学学报,28(6):1127-1135.
马正学,申海香,宁应之,等.2008.甘肃小陇山桃花沟森林公园土壤纤毛虫的群落特征.生态学杂志,27(2):208-212.
宁应之,沈韫芬.1998.中国典型地带土壤原生动物:Ⅰ.区系特征和物种分布.动物学报,44(1):6-11.
宁应之,王红军,禹娟红,等.2011.甘肃定西华家岭土壤纤毛虫群落对生态恢复的响应.动物学研究,32(2):223-231.
宁应之,王婷婷,董玟含,等.2017.庆城县退耕还林区春季土壤纤毛虫群落特征.西北师范大学学报,53(2):88-93.
宁应之,武维宁,杜海峰,等.2016.纤毛虫群落对退耕还林生态恢复的响应---以侧柏林为例.生态学报,36(2):288-297.
宁应之,杨永强,董玟含,等.2018.土壤纤毛虫群落对不同退还模式生态恢复的响应.生态学报,38(10):302-309.
沈韫芬,顾曼如,龚循矩,等.1990.微型生物监测新技术.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.
宋雪英,宋玉芳,孙铁珩,等.2004.土壤原生动物对环境污染的生物指示作用.应用生态学报,15(10):1979-1982.
孙焱鑫,林启美,赵小蓉.2003.三种纤毛虫对土壤微生物量和有效氮磷含量的影响.生态学报,23(6):1230-1233.
孙宇瑞.2000.土壤含水率和盐分对土壤电导率的影响.中国农业大学学报,5(4):39-41.
田晓堃,王鹏程,汪来发,等.2010.三峡库区杉木马尾松混交林和马尾松纯林的土壤含水量空间变异性.林业科学研究,23(2):246-251.
王得祥.2001.西北地区退耕还林(草)及其植被恢复途径研究(硕士学位论文).杨凌:西北农林科技大学.
王月玲,王思成,蔡进军,等.2017.半干旱黄土丘陵区退耕地林草植被恢复对土壤质量影响评价.水土保持通报,37(5):22-26.
韦国富,黄承标,覃文更,等.2009.木论自然保护区森林土壤的理化特性.亚热带农业研究,5(3):180-183.
吴迪,张萌萌,张钰莹,等.2017.帽儿山针阔混交林及纯林土壤碳代谢微生物群落特征研究.南京林业大学学报,41(2):81-89.
杨恩让,韩昭侠.2013.秦岭华山松红桦混交林与纯林生长调查.陕西林业科技,(5):10-12.
张灿,刘旻霞,李瑞,等.2017.甘南亚高寒草甸冷暖季土壤纤毛虫群落对坡向的响应.生态学杂志,36(9):2465-2472.
章家恩,秦钟,李庆芳.2011.不同土地利用方式下土壤动物群落的聚类与排序.生态学杂志,30(12):2849-2856.
邹涛.2008.二萜类化合物对土壤纤毛虫的毒性效应(硕士学位论文).兰州:西北师范大学.
Berger H.1999.Monograph of the Oxytrichidae(Ciliophora,Hypotrichia).London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Berger H.2011.Monograph of the Gonostomatidae and Kahliellidae(Ciliophora,Hypotricha).London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Campbell CD,Warren A,Cameron CM,et al.1997.Direct toxicity assessment of two soils amended with sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals using a protozoan(Colpoda steinii)bioassay.Chemosphere,34:501-514.
Du YH,Zhao YJ,Tang FH.2018.A new molecular approach based on the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA for phylogenetic analysis of mobilid ciliates.Current Microbiology,75:296-304.
Engler A,Melchior H,Mattick F.1964.Ubersichtüber die Florengebiete der Erde.Berlin:Gebr.Borntraeger Publishers.
Foissner W,Agatha S,Berger H.2002.Soil Ciliates(Protozoa,Ciliophora)from Namibia(Southwest Africa),with Emphasis on Two Contrasting Environments,the Etosha Region and the Namib Desert.Denisia,5:1-1063.
Foissner W.1992.Estimating the species richness of soil protozoa using the“non-flooded petridish method”//Lee JJ,Soldo AT.Protocols in Protozoology.Lawrence:Allen Press:B-10.1,B-10.2.
Foissner W.1993.Colpodea(Ciliophora).Stuttgart:Gustav Fischer Verlag.
Li FC,Li YB,Luo D,et al.2018.Morphology,morphogenesis,and molecular phylogeny of a new soil ciliate,Sterkiella multicirrata sp.nov.(Ciliophora,Hypotrichia)from China.Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology,65:627-636.
Lynn DH.2008.The Ciliated Protozoa:Characterization,Classification,and Guide to the Literature.Berlin:Springer Science&Business Media.
Pielou EC.1966.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections.Journal of Theoretical Biology,13:131-144.
Shannon CE,Weaver W.1949.The mathematical theory information.Mathematical Gazette,97:170-180.
Simpson EH.1949.The measurement of diversity.Nature,163:688.
Wilbert N.1975.An improved technique of protargol impregnation for ciliates.Mikrokosmos,64:171-179.