溢油污染物在栉孔扇贝不同组织的富集特异性及生物放大效应的初步研究
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摘要
本文采用半静态暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)的不同组织对船舶常用燃料油0#柴油分散液和乳化液的富集及其在食物链传递过程中的生物放大效应。结果表明:(1)在不同浓度柴油分散液和柴油乳化液中,扇贝暴露8 d后不同软组织对柴油的生物富集系数BCF均表现为鳃(889.40～127.92 mL·g~(-1)、830.80～123.43 mL·g~(-1))>内脏团(293.80～58.46 mL·g~(-1)、184.00～130.53 mL·g~(-1))>肌肉(147.60～39.68 mL·g~(-1)、149.80～62.40 mL·g~(-1)),腮和内脏对石油的富集能力强于肌肉,各组织对柴油分散液的富集能力强于柴油乳化液;(2)用石油烃(TPH)浓度分别为1.74×10~(-10)mg·cell~(-1)、4.44×10~(-10)mg·cell~(-1)的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)喂养扇贝后,扇贝体内石油烃(TPH)浓度随时间的延长和藻体浓度的上升都表现出增加的趋势,到第8天实验结束时扇贝体内TPH浓度达到7.79 mg·kg~(-1)和9.61 mg·kg~(-1),表明TPH通过浮游植物的摄食在扇贝体内造成累积,通过食物链进行了传递。
The paper studied the enrichment characteristic of No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion in different tissues of Chlamys farreri as well as the biological amplification effect of oil-spill pollutants in food chain using the semi-static bioassay. The results showed that:(1) the bioaccumulation coefficients(BCF) exposed under different concentrations of diesel dispersions and emulsions in different tissues such as branchia, visceral mass and muscle were 889.40-127.92 mL·g~(-1), 830.80-123.43 mL·g~(-1), 293.80-58.46 mL·g~(-1), 184.00-130.53 mL·g~(-1) and 147.60-39.68 mL·g~(-1), 149.80-62.40 mL·g~(-1), respectively. The enrichment for diesel dispersion are higher than those of diesel emulsion;(2) After feeding scallops with Phaeodactylum tricornutum with total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH) concentration of 1.74×10~(-10) mg·cell~(-1) and 4.44×10~(-10) mg·cell~(-1). The concentration of TPH in scallops showed an increasing trend when time or the concentration of algae increased. By the end of the experiment(on the 8 th day),the concentration of TPH in scallops reached 7.79 mg·kg~(-1) and 9.61 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. It is shown that through feeding process, TPH are accumulated in scallops. As a result, TPH can be transferred through the food chain.
The paper studied the enrichment characteristic of No.0 diesel dispersion and emulsion in different tissues of Chlamys farreri as well as the biological amplification effect of oil-spill pollutants in food chain using the semi-static bioassay. The results showed that:(1) the bioaccumulation coefficients(BCF) exposed under different concentrations of diesel dispersions and emulsions in different tissues such as branchia, visceral mass and muscle were 889.40-127.92 mL·g~(-1), 830.80-123.43 mL·g~(-1), 293.80-58.46 mL·g~(-1), 184.00-130.53 mL·g~(-1) and 147.60-39.68 mL·g~(-1), 149.80-62.40 mL·g~(-1), respectively. The enrichment for diesel dispersion are higher than those of diesel emulsion;(2) After feeding scallops with Phaeodactylum tricornutum with total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH) concentration of 1.74×10~(-10) mg·cell~(-1) and 4.44×10~(-10) mg·cell~(-1). The concentration of TPH in scallops showed an increasing trend when time or the concentration of algae increased. By the end of the experiment(on the 8 th day),the concentration of TPH in scallops reached 7.79 mg·kg~(-1) and 9.61 mg·kg~(-1), respectively. It is shown that through feeding process, TPH are accumulated in scallops. As a result, TPH can be transferred through the food chain.
引文
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[8]Hansen B H,Altin D,Olsen A J,et al.Acute toxicity of naturally and chemically dispersed oil on the filter-feeding copepod Calanus finmarchicus[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2012,86(6):38-46
[9]陈中伟.不同水温、光照条件下东海轻质原油对浮游植物生长及叶绿素的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015:1-5Chen Z W.The effects of the light crude oil of East China Sea on growth and chlorophyll of phytoplankton in different temperature and illumination conditions[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015:1-5(in Chinese)
[10]韦丽丽,周琼,谢从新,等.三峡库区重金属的生物富集、生物放大及其生物因子的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):325-334Wei L L,Zhou Q,Xie C X,et al.Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals in Three Gorges Reservoir and effect of biological factors[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(1):325-334(in Chinese)
[11]余杨,王雨春,周怀东,等.三峡库区蓄水初期大宁河重金属食物链放大特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3847-3853Yu Y,Wang Y C,Zhou H D,et al.Biomagnification of heavy metals in the aquatic food chain in Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir during initial impoundment[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3847-3853(in Chinese)
[12]汪远丽,曲克明,单宝田,等.重金属在小球藻-菲律宾蛤仔食物链上的传递与累积[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):79-85Wang Y L,Qu K M,Shan B T,et al.Transmission and accumulation of heavy metals in Chlirella-Reditapes Philip pinarum food chain[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2012,33(1):79-85(in Chinese)
[13]杨慧丽,段舜山.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对三角褐指藻的生态毒性效应[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2155-2159Yang H L,Duan S S.The ecological toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate on Phaeodactylum tricornutum[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(9):2155-2159(in Chinese)
[14]姚念娣.消油剂处理燃料油对两种海洋生物的毒性效应影响研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2012:31-33Yao N T.Research on toxicity of fuel oil processed by the dispersant to two marine organisms[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2012:31-33(in Chinese)
[15]陈皓鋆,房建孟,印春生,等.经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(3):414-417Chen H J,Fang J M,Yin C S,et al.Acute toxicity of chemical enhanced water accommodated fraction of dispersed oil to Apostichopus japonicas juveniles[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(3):414-417(in Chinese)
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 17378.4—2007,海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007
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[18]蒋凤华,赵美丽,王晓艳,等.超声波提取-荧光法测定贝类体内石油烃含量[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(6):906-909Jiang F H,Zhao M L,Wang X Y,et al.Determination of petroleum hydrocarbon in mussels by fluorescence spectro-photometry with ultrasonic extraction[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(6):906-909(in Chinese)
[19]张军,王修林,韩秀荣,等.海洋浮游植物对0号柴油水溶组分的生物富集动力学模型[J].环境科学,2004,25(1):14-19Zhang J,Wang X L,Han X R,et al.Kinetic model for bioconcentration of No.0 diesel water-accommodated fraction by phytoplankton[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(1):14-19(in Chinese)
[20]张军,王修林,祝陈坚,等.围隔实验中海洋浮游植物对石油烃污染物中正构烷烃的生物富集[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(3):433-438Zhang J,Wang X L,Zhu C J,et al.Bioconcentration of alkanes in water accomodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbon associated with No.0 diesel by phytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(3):433-438(in Chinese)
[21]Chase D A,Edwards D S,Qin G,et al.Bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in fiddler crabs(Uca minax)exposed to weathered MC-252 crude oil alone and in mixture with an oil dispersant[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,444(444):121-127
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 18421—2001,海洋生物质量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001
[23]周飞飞,李志林,苏荣国,等.氟苯尼考浸泡栉孔扇贝后各组织中含量的测定[J].中国海洋大学学报,2018,48(4):48-56Zhou F F,Li Z L,Su R G,et al.A study on accumulation and elimination of florfenicol in Chlamys farreri[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(4):48-56(in Chinese)
[24]赵美丽.栉孔扇贝对石油烃蓄积及响应的初步研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2011:24-29Zhao M L.Preliminary study on petroleum hydrocarbon accumulation and response of Chlamys farreri[D].Qingdao:The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2011:24-29(in Chinese)
[25]王文雄,潘进芬.重金属在海洋食物链中的传递[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):599-604Wang W X,Pan J F.The transfer of mentals in marine food chains:A review[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(3):599-604(in Chinese)
[2]Milinkovitch T,Kanan R,Thomasguyon H,et al.Effects of dispersed oil exposure on the bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the mortality of juvenile Liza ramada[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(9):1643-1650
[3]王晓玲,张宾,史周荣,等.紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)不同组织对镉的生物富集及释放特征[J].食品工业科技,2015,36(19):101-106Wang X L,Zhang B,Shi Z R,et al.Bio-accumulation and release characteristic of Cd in Mytilus edulis[J].Science and Technology of Food Idustry,2015,36(19):101-106(in Chinese)
[4]肖明松,王松,鲍方印,等.淮河蚌埠段采样点鱼虾贝类重金属的富集[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(8):942-948Xiao M S,Wang S,Bao F Y,et al.Enrichment of heavy metals in economic aquatic animals in Huaihe River segment of Bengbu sampling points[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2011,24(8):942-948(in Chinese)
[5]徐英江,田秀慧,任传博,等.氨基脲在栉孔扇贝体内的生物富集与消除规律[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):443-449Xu Y J,Tian X H,Ren C B,et al.Research on accumulation and elimination of semicarbazide in Chlamys farreri[J].Journal of Fisheries China,2013,37(3):443-449(in Chinese)
[6]宫向红,孙珊,刘小静,等.海湾扇贝对柴油的富集与消除规律[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(4):811-823Gong X H,Sun S,Liu X J,et al.Accumulation and elimination of diesel in scallop Argopecten irradians[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(4):811-823(in Chinese)
[7]Gin K Y,Huda M K,Lim W K,et al.An oil spill-food chain interaction model for coastal waters[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2001,42(7):590-597
[8]Hansen B H,Altin D,Olsen A J,et al.Acute toxicity of naturally and chemically dispersed oil on the filter-feeding copepod Calanus finmarchicus[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2012,86(6):38-46
[9]陈中伟.不同水温、光照条件下东海轻质原油对浮游植物生长及叶绿素的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015:1-5Chen Z W.The effects of the light crude oil of East China Sea on growth and chlorophyll of phytoplankton in different temperature and illumination conditions[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015:1-5(in Chinese)
[10]韦丽丽,周琼,谢从新,等.三峡库区重金属的生物富集、生物放大及其生物因子的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):325-334Wei L L,Zhou Q,Xie C X,et al.Bioaccumulation and biomagnification of heavy metals in Three Gorges Reservoir and effect of biological factors[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(1):325-334(in Chinese)
[11]余杨,王雨春,周怀东,等.三峡库区蓄水初期大宁河重金属食物链放大特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(10):3847-3853Yu Y,Wang Y C,Zhou H D,et al.Biomagnification of heavy metals in the aquatic food chain in Daning River of the Three Gorges Reservoir during initial impoundment[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(10):3847-3853(in Chinese)
[12]汪远丽,曲克明,单宝田,等.重金属在小球藻-菲律宾蛤仔食物链上的传递与累积[J].渔业科学进展,2012,33(1):79-85Wang Y L,Qu K M,Shan B T,et al.Transmission and accumulation of heavy metals in Chlirella-Reditapes Philip pinarum food chain[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2012,33(1):79-85(in Chinese)
[13]杨慧丽,段舜山.邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对三角褐指藻的生态毒性效应[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2155-2159Yang H L,Duan S S.The ecological toxic effects of dibutyl phthalate on Phaeodactylum tricornutum[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(9):2155-2159(in Chinese)
[14]姚念娣.消油剂处理燃料油对两种海洋生物的毒性效应影响研究[D].大连:大连海事大学,2012:31-33Yao N T.Research on toxicity of fuel oil processed by the dispersant to two marine organisms[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2012:31-33(in Chinese)
[15]陈皓鋆,房建孟,印春生,等.经消油剂处理的石油水溶组分对刺参幼参的急性毒性研究[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(3):414-417Chen H J,Fang J M,Yin C S,et al.Acute toxicity of chemical enhanced water accommodated fraction of dispersed oil to Apostichopus japonicas juveniles[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(3):414-417(in Chinese)
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 17378.4—2007,海洋监测规范第4部分:海水分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 17378.6—2007,海洋监测规范第6部分:生物体分析[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007
[18]蒋凤华,赵美丽,王晓艳,等.超声波提取-荧光法测定贝类体内石油烃含量[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(6):906-909Jiang F H,Zhao M L,Wang X Y,et al.Determination of petroleum hydrocarbon in mussels by fluorescence spectro-photometry with ultrasonic extraction[J].Marine Environmental Science,2012,31(6):906-909(in Chinese)
[19]张军,王修林,韩秀荣,等.海洋浮游植物对0号柴油水溶组分的生物富集动力学模型[J].环境科学,2004,25(1):14-19Zhang J,Wang X L,Han X R,et al.Kinetic model for bioconcentration of No.0 diesel water-accommodated fraction by phytoplankton[J].Environmental Science,2004,25(1):14-19(in Chinese)
[20]张军,王修林,祝陈坚,等.围隔实验中海洋浮游植物对石油烃污染物中正构烷烃的生物富集[J].青岛海洋大学学报,2003,33(3):433-438Zhang J,Wang X L,Zhu C J,et al.Bioconcentration of alkanes in water accomodated fraction of petroleum hydrocarbon associated with No.0 diesel by phytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment[J].Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao,2003,33(3):433-438(in Chinese)
[21]Chase D A,Edwards D S,Qin G,et al.Bioaccumulation of petroleum hydrocarbons in fiddler crabs(Uca minax)exposed to weathered MC-252 crude oil alone and in mixture with an oil dispersant[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,444(444):121-127
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB 18421—2001,海洋生物质量[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001
[23]周飞飞,李志林,苏荣国,等.氟苯尼考浸泡栉孔扇贝后各组织中含量的测定[J].中国海洋大学学报,2018,48(4):48-56Zhou F F,Li Z L,Su R G,et al.A study on accumulation and elimination of florfenicol in Chlamys farreri[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(4):48-56(in Chinese)
[24]赵美丽.栉孔扇贝对石油烃蓄积及响应的初步研究[D].青岛:国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,2011:24-29Zhao M L.Preliminary study on petroleum hydrocarbon accumulation and response of Chlamys farreri[D].Qingdao:The First Institute of Oceanography,SOA,2011:24-29(in Chinese)
[25]王文雄,潘进芬.重金属在海洋食物链中的传递[J].生态学报,2004,24(3):599-604Wang W X,Pan J F.The transfer of mentals in marine food chains:A review[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(3):599-604(in Chinese)
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