基于GIS-MCR高寒藏区城镇生态安全格局构建及空间发展策略——以青海省玉树市为例
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摘要
以高寒藏区典型城镇玉树市为例,在GIS、RS技术支持下,通过地质灾害、生态敏感性、生物保护和水资源敏感性识别生态源地,根据地形位、土地利用类型和主要交通线构建生态阻力面,基于最小累积阻力模型(MCR)识别生态廊道,进而提出生态安全适应性下玉树市城乡空间发展策略。结果表明:①低、中、高3个不同安全水平格局分别占研究区总面积的34.90%、50.41%、14.64%,适宜城镇发展建设的空间非常有限;②重要生态源地面积4756.5km~2,占全区的30.98%;生态廊道总长度为740.84km,源间生态廊道连通程度低;③在生态安全格局构建的基础上,提出生态安全适应性下玉树市在城乡布局、生态空间布局及产业布局上的发展策略,旨在为高寒藏区城镇空间规划体系提供参考与借鉴。
Taking Yushu city, a typical town in the high-altitude Tibetan area, as an example, with the support of GIS and RS technology, the ecological source is identified through geological disasters,ecological sensitivity, biological protection and water sensitivity, according to topography, land use type and main traffic lines. The ecological resistance surface is constructed, and the ecological corridor is identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR), and then the urban and rural spatial development strategy of Yushu city under ecological security adaptation is proposed. The results show that:1 low, medium and high three different safety level patterns account for 34.90%, 50.41% and 14.64% of the total area of the study area respectively. The space suitable for urban development and construction is very limited; 2 the important ecological source area is 4756.5 km~2, accounting for 30.98% of the whole area; the total length of the ecological corridor is 740.84 km, and the connectivity of the ecological corridors between the sources is low; 3 based on the construction of the ecological security pattern, the layout of the urban and rural areas and the ecological space of Yushu city under the ecological security adaptation are proposed. The development strategy of industrial layout aims to provide reference for the urban spatial planning system of the high-cold Tibetan areas.
Taking Yushu city, a typical town in the high-altitude Tibetan area, as an example, with the support of GIS and RS technology, the ecological source is identified through geological disasters,ecological sensitivity, biological protection and water sensitivity, according to topography, land use type and main traffic lines. The ecological resistance surface is constructed, and the ecological corridor is identified based on the minimum cumulative resistance model(MCR), and then the urban and rural spatial development strategy of Yushu city under ecological security adaptation is proposed. The results show that:1 low, medium and high three different safety level patterns account for 34.90%, 50.41% and 14.64% of the total area of the study area respectively. The space suitable for urban development and construction is very limited; 2 the important ecological source area is 4756.5 km~2, accounting for 30.98% of the whole area; the total length of the ecological corridor is 740.84 km, and the connectivity of the ecological corridors between the sources is low; 3 based on the construction of the ecological security pattern, the layout of the urban and rural areas and the ecological space of Yushu city under the ecological security adaptation are proposed. The development strategy of industrial layout aims to provide reference for the urban spatial planning system of the high-cold Tibetan areas.
引文
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[21]黄丽明,陈健飞.广州市花都区城镇建设用地适宜性评价研究:基于MCR面特征提取[J].资源科学,2014,36(7):1347-1355.
[22]李晖,易娜,姚文璟,等.基于景观安全格局的香格里拉县生态用地规划[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5928-5936.
[23]彭建,李慧蕾,刘焱序,等.雄安新区生态安全格局识别与优化策略[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):701-710.
[24]李巍,文梁.青藏高原东北缘生态脆弱区城镇体系空间结构研究:以甘南藏族自治州为例[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(6):1427-1434.
[2]叶鑫,邹长新,刘国华,等.生态安全格局研究的主要内容与进展[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):1-11.
[3]储金龙,王佩,顾康康,等.山水型城市生态安全格局构建与建设用地开发策略[J].生态学报,2016,36(23):7804-7813.
[4]王明全,王金达,刘景双.城市生态安全评价研究:以长春市为例[J].干旱区资源与环境,2007(3):72-76.
[5]丛佃敏,赵书河,于涛,等.综合生态安全格局构建与城市扩张模拟的城市增长边界划定:以天水市规划区(2015—2030年)为例[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(1):14-26.
[6]俞孔坚,王思思,李迪华,等.北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1189-1204.
[7]陈昕,彭建,刘焱序,等.基于“重要性—敏感性—连通性”框架的云浮市生态安全格局构建[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):471-484.
[8]吕贤军,李铌,李志学.城市群地区城乡生态空间保护与利用研究:以长株潭生态绿心地区为例[J].城市发展研究,2013,20(12):82-87.
[9]唐富茜.基于生态安全的高原山地城镇空间扩展研究[D].昆明:云南大学,2016.
[10]李晶,蒙吉军,毛熙彦.基于最小累积阻力模型的农牧交错带土地利用生态安全格局构建:以鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗为例[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(4):707-715.
[11]彭建,郭小楠,胡熠娜,等.基于地质灾害敏感性的山地生态安全格局构建:以云南省玉溪市为例[J].应用生态学报,2017.28(2):627-635.
[12]李昂,赵天宇.基于生态敏感性评价的严寒地区林业村镇景观生态安全格局研究[J].中国园林,2016,32(3):85-89.
[13]陈天,臧鑫宇,李阳力,等.基于生态安全理念的雄安新区城市空间发展与规划策略探讨[J].城市建筑,2017(15):15-19.
[14]孙鸿烈,郑度,姚檀栋,等.青藏高原国家生态安全屏障保护与建设[J].地理学报,2012,67(1):3-12.
[15]赵丹阳,曾永年.青海高原东部河湟谷地生态风险评价:以海东市为例[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1190-1197.
[16]朱文泉,潘耀忠,张锦水.中国陆地植被净初级生产力遥感估算[J].植物生态学报,2007(3):413-424.
[17]蒙吉军,王雅,王晓东,等.基于最小累积阻力模型的贵阳市景观生态安全格局构建[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(7):1052-1061.
[18]樊杰.玉树地震灾后恢复重建:资源环境承载能力评价[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[19]杨天荣,匡文慧,刘卫东,等.基于生态安全格局的关中城市群生态空间结构优化布局[J].地理研究,2017,36(3):441-452.
[20]蒙吉军,赵春红,刘明达.基于土地利用变化的区域生态安全评价:以鄂尔多斯市为例[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(4):578-590.
[21]黄丽明,陈健飞.广州市花都区城镇建设用地适宜性评价研究:基于MCR面特征提取[J].资源科学,2014,36(7):1347-1355.
[22]李晖,易娜,姚文璟,等.基于景观安全格局的香格里拉县生态用地规划[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5928-5936.
[23]彭建,李慧蕾,刘焱序,等.雄安新区生态安全格局识别与优化策略[J].地理学报,2018,73(4):701-710.
[24]李巍,文梁.青藏高原东北缘生态脆弱区城镇体系空间结构研究:以甘南藏族自治州为例[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(6):1427-1434.