低温胁迫对白及光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数的影响
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摘要
为了研究白及对低温胁迫的生理响应,以一年生白及为试材,分别进行22、18、14、10℃4个低温处理,之后再置于26℃进行恢复培养,分别于处理0、7、14、21、28 d和恢复培养的3、7 d测定叶片光合速率和叶绿素荧光动力学参数。结果表明,14和10℃处理下,白及叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)显著下降,胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,在14 d时Ci最低;叶绿素荧光参数F_o上升,F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR大幅度下降,植株不能恢复生长。说明10℃和14℃对白及叶片PSⅡ光合系统造成严重损害,导致植株不能正常生长。18和22℃处理下,Pn、Gs、Tr和Ci均缓慢下降,说明气孔因素是导致Pn下降的主要因素,其中18℃处理条件下F_o小幅度上升,而F_v/F_m、Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR有小幅度下降,说明PSⅡ光合系统受到轻微损伤,22℃处理7 d时,Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR有轻微下降,F_o轻微上升,之后无显著变化,而F_v/F_m一直处于正常范围之内,说明7 d后白及可以适应22℃的温度环境,且Fo、Y(Ⅱ)、qP和ETR的变化均在正常范围之内,未对白及的光合系统造成伤害。研究结果表明,10、14℃严重抑制了白及的生长和光合作用;18℃处理下,白及的生长形态未受到影响,但光合作用受到轻度抑制;22℃对白及的生长和光合作用不造成影响。
In order to study the physiological responses to low temperature stress in Bletilla striata, one-year-old B Striata plants were treated by four different low temperatures of 22, 18, 14 and 10 ℃, respectively. The low temperature treatment was conducted during the subsequent 0, 7, 14 and 28 days, whereas the plant recovery treated for 3 and 7 days.Samples from the all above treatments were used to measure the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) of the leaves decreased significantly under 14 and 10 ℃ treatment while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci) decreased at first and then increased with the lowest value at 14 d. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fo increased and the other three indexes including F_v/F_m, Y(Ⅱ), qP and ETR decreased significantly, respectively. These findings indicted that the PSⅡ photosynthetic system of B. Striata was damaged by 10 and 14 ℃ temperature treatments, and further to affect the plant growth. The Pn, Gs, Tr and Ci values decreased slowly under 18 and 22 ℃ treatments, indicating that the decrease of Pn value was leaded by the stomatal factors. Moreover the index F_o increased slightly but F_v/F_m, Y(Ⅱ), qP and ETR decreased slightly, suggesting that the PSⅡ photosynthetic system was damaged slightly. Finally, the changes of Y(Ⅱ), qP, ETR, F_o, F_v/F_m were not obvious under the 22 ℃ treatment, indicating the photosynthetic system was not damaged by the low temperature treatment. These findings suggested that the growth and photosynthesis of B. striata were severely inhibited by 10 ℃ and 14 ℃ low temperature treatments, and the plant morphology was not affected by the 18 ℃ treatment, but the photosynthesis was inhibited.
In order to study the physiological responses to low temperature stress in Bletilla striata, one-year-old B Striata plants were treated by four different low temperatures of 22, 18, 14 and 10 ℃, respectively. The low temperature treatment was conducted during the subsequent 0, 7, 14 and 28 days, whereas the plant recovery treated for 3 and 7 days.Samples from the all above treatments were used to measure the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs) and transpiration rate(Tr) of the leaves decreased significantly under 14 and 10 ℃ treatment while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci) decreased at first and then increased with the lowest value at 14 d. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fo increased and the other three indexes including F_v/F_m, Y(Ⅱ), qP and ETR decreased significantly, respectively. These findings indicted that the PSⅡ photosynthetic system of B. Striata was damaged by 10 and 14 ℃ temperature treatments, and further to affect the plant growth. The Pn, Gs, Tr and Ci values decreased slowly under 18 and 22 ℃ treatments, indicating that the decrease of Pn value was leaded by the stomatal factors. Moreover the index F_o increased slightly but F_v/F_m, Y(Ⅱ), qP and ETR decreased slightly, suggesting that the PSⅡ photosynthetic system was damaged slightly. Finally, the changes of Y(Ⅱ), qP, ETR, F_o, F_v/F_m were not obvious under the 22 ℃ treatment, indicating the photosynthetic system was not damaged by the low temperature treatment. These findings suggested that the growth and photosynthesis of B. striata were severely inhibited by 10 ℃ and 14 ℃ low temperature treatments, and the plant morphology was not affected by the 18 ℃ treatment, but the photosynthesis was inhibited.
引文
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[20]眭晓蕾,毛胜利,王立浩,等.低温对弱光影响甜椒光合作用的胁迫效应[J].核农学报,2008,22(6):880-886.
[21]梁芳,郑成淑,孙宪芝,等.低温弱光胁迫及恢复对切花菊光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):29-35.
[22]Allen D J,Ort D R.Impacts of chilling temperatures on photosynthesis in warm-climate plants[J].Trends in Plant Science,2001,6(1):36-42.
[23]Murchie E H,Lawson T.Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis:a guide to good practice and understanding some new applications[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2013,64(13):3983-3998.
[24]杨华庚.高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗叶绿素及其荧光参数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(19):177-183.
[25]卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫对4种幼苗的叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):44-49.
[26]陶宏征,赵昶灵,李唯奇.植物对低温的光合响应[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2012,28(6):501-508.
[27]梁英,冯力霞,田传远.高温胁迫对球等鞭金藻3011和8701叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(1):37-44.
[2]潘静.白及生态栽培技术要点[J].南方农业,2017,11(29):25-26.
[3]王丽,苏智良,杨利华,等.白及新品种“玉霞”的选育[J].内蒙古林业调查设计,2017,40(5):28-30.
[4]郭乔仪,楚雄技,普怀亭,等.白及四层覆盖栽培技术[J].云南农业科技,2017(1):32-33.
[5]吴明开,刘海,沈志君,等.珍稀药用植物白及光合与蒸腾生理生态及抗旱特性[J].生态学报,2013,33(18):5531-5537.
[6]贺安娜,李胜华,朱亚.白及不同月份光合作用比较研究[J].北方园艺,2014(22):162-165.
[7]王莹博,许申平,马杰,等.高温干旱胁迫对白及光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,2018,52(2):199-205.
[8]刘海,罗鸣,吴明开.遮阴处理对白及光合特性的影响[J].时珍国医国药,2017,28(9):2229-2232.
[9]侯利钦,周兰英,蒲光兰,等.SO2胁迫对红花檵木光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016(10):100-106.
[10]王兆,刘晓曦,郑国华.低温胁迫对彩叶草光合作用及叶绿素荧光的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2015,27(1):49.
[11]郑宇,何天友,陈凌艳,等.高温胁迫对西洋杜鹃光合作用和叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):608-615.
[12]张守仁.叶绿素荧光动力学参数的意义及讨论[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):444-448.
[13]Jiang C D,Gao H Y,Zou Q.Characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus in Mn-starved maize leaves[J].Photosynthetica,2002,40(2):209-213.
[14]Guo Y P,Zhou H F,Zhang L C.Photosynthetic characteristics and protective mechanisms against photooxidation during high temperature stress in two citrus species[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2006,108(3):260-267.
[15]Kramer D M,Johnson G,Kiirats O,et al.New fluorescence parameters for the determination of QA redox state and excitation energy fluxes[J].Photosynthesis Research,2004,79(2):209.
[16]周至明,黄程生,彭丽丽,等.白及人工种植初步研究[J].中药材,2006,29(1):7-8.
[17]Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
[18]侯伟,孙爱花,杨福孙,等.低温胁迫对西瓜幼苗光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(13):35-39.
[19]王丽娟,李天来,李国强,等.夜间低温对番茄幼苗光合作用的影响[J].园艺学报,2006,33(4):757-761.
[20]眭晓蕾,毛胜利,王立浩,等.低温对弱光影响甜椒光合作用的胁迫效应[J].核农学报,2008,22(6):880-886.
[21]梁芳,郑成淑,孙宪芝,等.低温弱光胁迫及恢复对切花菊光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(1):29-35.
[22]Allen D J,Ort D R.Impacts of chilling temperatures on photosynthesis in warm-climate plants[J].Trends in Plant Science,2001,6(1):36-42.
[23]Murchie E H,Lawson T.Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis:a guide to good practice and understanding some new applications[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2013,64(13):3983-3998.
[24]杨华庚.高温胁迫对蝴蝶兰幼苗叶绿素及其荧光参数的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(19):177-183.
[25]卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫对4种幼苗的叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):44-49.
[26]陶宏征,赵昶灵,李唯奇.植物对低温的光合响应[J].中国生物化学与分子生物学报,2012,28(6):501-508.
[27]梁英,冯力霞,田传远.高温胁迫对球等鞭金藻3011和8701叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].水产学报,2009,33(1):37-44.