生物絮团对水产动物生长、消化及养殖水体水质的影响
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摘要
生物絮团技术(Biofloc technology,BFT)具有改善养殖池塘水质、降低饲料转化率、增强水产动物免疫力等优点,被认为是解决当前集约化养殖问题的有效技术之一,目前已在国内外经济、生态、社会上取得了良好效益。在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,概述了生物絮团对水产动物的生长性能、消化酶活力、非特异性免疫功能、抗氧化能力及养殖水体水质的影响。大量研究结果表明,生物絮团技术能够促进水产动物生长、提高消化酶活力、增强非特异性免疫功能、提升抗氧化能力、节约水资源、降低饲料成本、增加经济效益。将生物絮团技术与其他养殖技术相结合,能够更有效地降低养殖水体中氮、磷等污染物,提高经济、生态、社会效益,前景广阔。
Biofloc technology(BFT) can improve water quality in aquaculture ponds,reduce feed conversion and enhance the immunity of aquatic animals,for which it is considered to be one of the effective technologies to solve the current problem of intensive aquaculture.At present,good economic,ecological and social benefits have been obtained at home and abroad.The effects of biofloc on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,non-specific immunity and antioxidant ability and aquaculture water quality of aquatic animals were summarized on the basis of consulting the relevant literature at home and abroad.A number of studies have shown that BFT can promote the growth of aquatic animals,improve digestive enzyme activity,enhance non-specific immunity,hoist antioxidant capacity,save water resources,reduce feed costs and increase economic benefits.The combination of BTF with other aquaculture technologies can more effectively reduce nitrogen,phosphorus and other pollutants in aquaculture water and improve economic,ecological and social benefits,and has a broad prospect.
Biofloc technology(BFT) can improve water quality in aquaculture ponds,reduce feed conversion and enhance the immunity of aquatic animals,for which it is considered to be one of the effective technologies to solve the current problem of intensive aquaculture.At present,good economic,ecological and social benefits have been obtained at home and abroad.The effects of biofloc on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,non-specific immunity and antioxidant ability and aquaculture water quality of aquatic animals were summarized on the basis of consulting the relevant literature at home and abroad.A number of studies have shown that BFT can promote the growth of aquatic animals,improve digestive enzyme activity,enhance non-specific immunity,hoist antioxidant capacity,save water resources,reduce feed costs and increase economic benefits.The combination of BTF with other aquaculture technologies can more effectively reduce nitrogen,phosphorus and other pollutants in aquaculture water and improve economic,ecological and social benefits,and has a broad prospect.
引文
[1] 苟妮娜,王开锋,杨新成.盐度和饲料蛋白对凡纳滨对虾营养及消化作用研究进展[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(3):306-315.
[2] 王仁龙,张志宝,刘立明,等.生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用现状[J].水产科技情报,2017,37(5):41-44.
[3] AVNIMELECH Y.Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bio-flocs technology ponds[J].Aquaculture,2007,264(1/4):140-147.
[4] SCHRADER K K,GREEN B W,PERSCHBACHER P W.Development of phytoplankton communities and common off-flavors in a biofloc technology system used for the culture of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,45(3):118-126.
[5] WANG G J,YU E M,XIE J,et al.Effect of C/N ratio on water quality in zero-water exchange tanks and the biofloc supplementation in feed on the growth performance of crucian carp,Carassius auratus[J].Aquaculture,2015,443:98-104.
[6] ZHAO Z,XU Q,LUO L,et al.Effect of feed C/N ratio promoted bioflocs on water quality and production performance of bottom and filter feeder carp in minimum-water exchanged pond polyculture system[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:442-448.
[7] FARIDEH B,EBRAHIM H N,RAMIN M,et al.Use of different carbon sources for the biofloc system during the grow-out culture of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings[J].Aquaculture,2018,484:259-267.
[8] POLI M A,SCHVEITZER R,NU?ER A P D O.The use of biofloc technology in a South American catfish(Rhamdia quelen) hatchery:Effect of suspended solids in the performance of larvae[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,66:17-21.
[9] ISKANDAR P,RUSLIADR R,MUHAMMAD F,et al.Growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed a commercial diet and reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic[J].F1 000Research,2017,6:35-45.
[10]李朝兵,王广军,余德光,等.生物絮团对鳙生长、肌肉氨基酸成分及营养评价的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(11):242-245.
[11]赵志刚,徐奇友,罗亮,等.添加碳源对松浦镜鲤养殖池塘鱼体生长及水质影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(9):105-112.
[12]王潮辉,高启,谭洪新,等.生物絮凝系统构建过程对吉富罗非鱼免疫酶和生长的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(4):707-715.
[13]AVNIMELECH Y,MOKADY S,SCHROEDER G L.Circulated ponds as efficient bioreactors for single cell protein production[J].Israeli Journal of Aquaculture,1989,41(2):58-66.
[14]EKASARI J,RIVANDI D R,FIRDAUSI A P,et al.Biofloc technology positively affects Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) larvae performance[J].Aquaculture,2015,441:72-77.
[15]ASADUZZAMAN M ,RAHMAN M M ,AZIM M E ,et al.Effects of C/N ratio and substrate addition on natural food communities in freshwater prawn monoculture ponds[J].Aquaculture,2010,306(1/4):127-136.
[16]张明明,徐晨,赵志刚,等.生物絮团技术对异育银鲫生长性能和抗性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):533-542.
[17]王广军,王一飞,夏耘,等.不同碳氮比对杂交鳢稚鱼生长及养殖水质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(4):7-13.
[18]唐肖峰,刘利平,帅滇,等.碳源对花鳗鲡养殖系统水质及生产性能的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2019,34(1):70-80.
[19]卢炳国,王海英,谢骏.不同C/N水平对草鱼池生物絮团的形成及水质的影响[J].水产学报,2013,(8):1220-1228.
[20]孙盛明,戈贤平,朱健,等.生物絮团对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(2):49-55.
[21]CRAB R,CHIELENS B,WILLE M,et al.The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional value of bioflocs,a feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41(4):559-567.
[22]李京昊,成永旭,王海锋,等.利用生物絮团技术对克氏原螯虾的养殖效果初探[J].水产学报,2018,32(9):84-90.
[23]陈倩玲,赵永贞,张瑞杰,等.不同微藻饵料对生物絮团育苗系统水质和凡纳滨对虾虾苗生长的影响[J].水产科技情报,2018,45(2):108-113.
[24]ANAND P S S ,KOHLI M P S ,KUMAR S ,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon[J].Aquaculture,2014,418-419:108-115.
[25]ZHAO P,HUANG J,WANG X H,et al.The application of bioflocs technology in high-intensive,zero exchange farming systems of Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Aquaculture,2012,354-355:97-106.
[26]马元庆,李斌,张秀珍,等.生物絮团对仿刺参幼參消化与免疫酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):91-95.
[27]孙中勇,李嘉尧,杨筱珍,等.不同条件对中华绒螯蟹扣蟹摄食生物絮团的影响[J].生物学杂志,2017,34(6):32-36.
[28]ZHIYONG J,IAN F,LYTHA C,et al.Determination of microbial community structures of shrimp floc cultures by biomarkers and analysis of floc amino acid profiles[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,39(2):118-133.
[29]LONG L,YANG J,LI Y,et al.Effect of biofloc technology on growth,digestive enzyme activity,hematology,and immune response of genetically improved farmed tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Aquaculture,2015,448:135-141.
[30]CRAB R,DEFOIRDT T,BOSSIER P,et al.Biofloc technology in aquaculture:Beneficial effects and future challenges[J].Aquaculture,2012,445:356-357.
[31]BURFORD M A,THOMPSON P J,MCINTOSH R P,et al.Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity,zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize[J].Aquaculture,2003,219(1/4):393-411.
[32]葛海伦,朱锦裕,赵臣泽,等.生物絮团对罗氏沼虾体组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(3):66-72.
[33]XU W J,PAN L Q.Effects of bioflocs on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange tanks manipulating C/N ratio in feed [J].Aquaculture,2012,356-357(1):147-152.
[34]MANSOUR A T,ESTEBAN Má.Effects of carbon sources and plant protein levels in a biofloc system on growth performance,and the immune and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2017,64:202-209.
[35]CHEN J,REN Y,LI Y,et al.Regulation of growth,intestinal microbiota,non-specific immune response and disease resistance of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka in biofloc systems[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2018,77:175-186.
[36]PANIGRAHI A,SARANYA C,SUNDARAM M,et al.Carbon:Nitrogen(C∶N) ratio level variation influences microbial community of the system and growth as well as immunity of shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc based culture system[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2018,81:329-337.
[37]XU W J,PAN L Q.Evaluation of dietary protein level on selected parameters of immune and antioxidant systems,and growth performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei reared in zero-water exchange biofloc-based culture tanks[J].Aquaculture,2014,426-427:181-188.
[38]CARDONA E,LORGEOUX,BéNéDICTE,CHIM L,et al.Biofloc contribution to antioxidant defence status,lipid nutrition and reproductive performance of broodstock of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris:Consequences for the quality of eggs and larvae[J].Aquaculture,2016,452(1):252-262.
[39]BEELING J M,TIMMONS M B,BISOGNI J J.Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic,autotrophic,and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems[J].Aquaculture,2006,257(1/4):346-358.
[40]HARGREAVES J A.Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture Engineering,2006,34(3):344-363.
[41]DENG M,CHEN J,GOU J W.The effect of different carbon sources on water quality,microbial community and structure of biofloc systems[J].Aquaculture,2018,482:103-110.
[42]VINATEA L,GALVEZ A O,VENERO J,et al.Oxygen consumption of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in heterotrophic medium with zero water exchange[J].Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira,2009,44(5):534-538.
[43]SCHVEITZER R,ARANTES R,COSTóDIO P F S,et al.Effect of different biofloc levels on microbial activity,water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei,in a tank system operated with no water exchange[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,56(3):59-70.
[44]FLECKENSTEIN L J,TIERNEY T W,RAY A J.Comparing biofloc,clear-water,and hybrid recirculating nursery systems(Part II):Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) production and water quality dynamics[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2018,82:80-85.
[45]TIERNEY W THOMAS,RAY A J.Comparing biofloc,clear-water,and hybrid nursery systems(Part I):Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) production,water quality,and stable isotope dynamics[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2018,82:73-79.
[2] 王仁龙,张志宝,刘立明,等.生物絮团技术在水产养殖中的应用现状[J].水产科技情报,2017,37(5):41-44.
[3] AVNIMELECH Y.Feeding with microbial flocs by tilapia in minimal discharge bio-flocs technology ponds[J].Aquaculture,2007,264(1/4):140-147.
[4] SCHRADER K K,GREEN B W,PERSCHBACHER P W.Development of phytoplankton communities and common off-flavors in a biofloc technology system used for the culture of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2011,45(3):118-126.
[5] WANG G J,YU E M,XIE J,et al.Effect of C/N ratio on water quality in zero-water exchange tanks and the biofloc supplementation in feed on the growth performance of crucian carp,Carassius auratus[J].Aquaculture,2015,443:98-104.
[6] ZHAO Z,XU Q,LUO L,et al.Effect of feed C/N ratio promoted bioflocs on water quality and production performance of bottom and filter feeder carp in minimum-water exchanged pond polyculture system[J].Aquaculture,2014,434:442-448.
[7] FARIDEH B,EBRAHIM H N,RAMIN M,et al.Use of different carbon sources for the biofloc system during the grow-out culture of common carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings[J].Aquaculture,2018,484:259-267.
[8] POLI M A,SCHVEITZER R,NU?ER A P D O.The use of biofloc technology in a South American catfish(Rhamdia quelen) hatchery:Effect of suspended solids in the performance of larvae[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2015,66:17-21.
[9] ISKANDAR P,RUSLIADR R,MUHAMMAD F,et al.Growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed a commercial diet and reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic[J].F1 000Research,2017,6:35-45.
[10]李朝兵,王广军,余德光,等.生物絮团对鳙生长、肌肉氨基酸成分及营养评价的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(11):242-245.
[11]赵志刚,徐奇友,罗亮,等.添加碳源对松浦镜鲤养殖池塘鱼体生长及水质影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2013,44(9):105-112.
[12]王潮辉,高启,谭洪新,等.生物絮凝系统构建过程对吉富罗非鱼免疫酶和生长的影响[J].中国水产科学,2015,22(4):707-715.
[13]AVNIMELECH Y,MOKADY S,SCHROEDER G L.Circulated ponds as efficient bioreactors for single cell protein production[J].Israeli Journal of Aquaculture,1989,41(2):58-66.
[14]EKASARI J,RIVANDI D R,FIRDAUSI A P,et al.Biofloc technology positively affects Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) larvae performance[J].Aquaculture,2015,441:72-77.
[15]ASADUZZAMAN M ,RAHMAN M M ,AZIM M E ,et al.Effects of C/N ratio and substrate addition on natural food communities in freshwater prawn monoculture ponds[J].Aquaculture,2010,306(1/4):127-136.
[16]张明明,徐晨,赵志刚,等.生物絮团技术对异育银鲫生长性能和抗性的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(3):533-542.
[17]王广军,王一飞,夏耘,等.不同碳氮比对杂交鳢稚鱼生长及养殖水质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2016,51(4):7-13.
[18]唐肖峰,刘利平,帅滇,等.碳源对花鳗鲡养殖系统水质及生产性能的影响[J].上海海洋大学学报,2019,34(1):70-80.
[19]卢炳国,王海英,谢骏.不同C/N水平对草鱼池生物絮团的形成及水质的影响[J].水产学报,2013,(8):1220-1228.
[20]孙盛明,戈贤平,朱健,等.生物絮团对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)生长、消化酶和免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(2):49-55.
[21]CRAB R,CHIELENS B,WILLE M,et al.The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional value of bioflocs,a feed for Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,41(4):559-567.
[22]李京昊,成永旭,王海锋,等.利用生物絮团技术对克氏原螯虾的养殖效果初探[J].水产学报,2018,32(9):84-90.
[23]陈倩玲,赵永贞,张瑞杰,等.不同微藻饵料对生物絮团育苗系统水质和凡纳滨对虾虾苗生长的影响[J].水产科技情报,2018,45(2):108-113.
[24]ANAND P S S ,KOHLI M P S ,KUMAR S ,et al.Effect of dietary supplementation of biofloc on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in Penaeus monodon[J].Aquaculture,2014,418-419:108-115.
[25]ZHAO P,HUANG J,WANG X H,et al.The application of bioflocs technology in high-intensive,zero exchange farming systems of Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Aquaculture,2012,354-355:97-106.
[26]马元庆,李斌,张秀珍,等.生物絮团对仿刺参幼參消化与免疫酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2013,34(6):91-95.
[27]孙中勇,李嘉尧,杨筱珍,等.不同条件对中华绒螯蟹扣蟹摄食生物絮团的影响[J].生物学杂志,2017,34(6):32-36.
[28]ZHIYONG J,IAN F,LYTHA C,et al.Determination of microbial community structures of shrimp floc cultures by biomarkers and analysis of floc amino acid profiles[J].Aquaculture Research,2010,39(2):118-133.
[29]LONG L,YANG J,LI Y,et al.Effect of biofloc technology on growth,digestive enzyme activity,hematology,and immune response of genetically improved farmed tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Aquaculture,2015,448:135-141.
[30]CRAB R,DEFOIRDT T,BOSSIER P,et al.Biofloc technology in aquaculture:Beneficial effects and future challenges[J].Aquaculture,2012,445:356-357.
[31]BURFORD M A,THOMPSON P J,MCINTOSH R P,et al.Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity,zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize[J].Aquaculture,2003,219(1/4):393-411.
[32]葛海伦,朱锦裕,赵臣泽,等.生物絮团对罗氏沼虾体组成和消化酶活性的影响[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(3):66-72.
[33]XU W J,PAN L Q.Effects of bioflocs on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in zero-water exchange tanks manipulating C/N ratio in feed [J].Aquaculture,2012,356-357(1):147-152.
[34]MANSOUR A T,ESTEBAN Má.Effects of carbon sources and plant protein levels in a biofloc system on growth performance,and the immune and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2017,64:202-209.
[35]CHEN J,REN Y,LI Y,et al.Regulation of growth,intestinal microbiota,non-specific immune response and disease resistance of sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus Selenka in biofloc systems[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2018,77:175-186.
[36]PANIGRAHI A,SARANYA C,SUNDARAM M,et al.Carbon:Nitrogen(C∶N) ratio level variation influences microbial community of the system and growth as well as immunity of shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc based culture system[J].Fish & Shellfish Immunology,2018,81:329-337.
[37]XU W J,PAN L Q.Evaluation of dietary protein level on selected parameters of immune and antioxidant systems,and growth performance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei reared in zero-water exchange biofloc-based culture tanks[J].Aquaculture,2014,426-427:181-188.
[38]CARDONA E,LORGEOUX,BéNéDICTE,CHIM L,et al.Biofloc contribution to antioxidant defence status,lipid nutrition and reproductive performance of broodstock of the shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris:Consequences for the quality of eggs and larvae[J].Aquaculture,2016,452(1):252-262.
[39]BEELING J M,TIMMONS M B,BISOGNI J J.Engineering analysis of the stoichiometry of photoautotrophic,autotrophic,and heterotrophic removal of ammonia-nitrogen in aquaculture systems[J].Aquaculture,2006,257(1/4):346-358.
[40]HARGREAVES J A.Photosynthetic suspended-growth systems in aquaculture[J].Aquaculture Engineering,2006,34(3):344-363.
[41]DENG M,CHEN J,GOU J W.The effect of different carbon sources on water quality,microbial community and structure of biofloc systems[J].Aquaculture,2018,482:103-110.
[42]VINATEA L,GALVEZ A O,VENERO J,et al.Oxygen consumption of Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles in heterotrophic medium with zero water exchange[J].Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira,2009,44(5):534-538.
[43]SCHVEITZER R,ARANTES R,COSTóDIO P F S,et al.Effect of different biofloc levels on microbial activity,water quality and performance of Litopenaeus vannamei,in a tank system operated with no water exchange[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2013,56(3):59-70.
[44]FLECKENSTEIN L J,TIERNEY T W,RAY A J.Comparing biofloc,clear-water,and hybrid recirculating nursery systems(Part II):Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) production and water quality dynamics[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2018,82:80-85.
[45]TIERNEY W THOMAS,RAY A J.Comparing biofloc,clear-water,and hybrid nursery systems(Part I):Shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) production,water quality,and stable isotope dynamics[J].Aquacultural Engineering,2018,82:73-79.
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