嵌入全球价值链对中国制造业转型升级的影响机理
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摘要
通过构建理论模型分析了嵌入全球价值链对制造业转型升级的作用机制,并选取2001～2014年的中国制造业行业面板数据,采用KPWW和全面FGLS方法实证检验了13个制造业行业嵌入全球价值链后的转型升级状况。研究发现,嵌入全球价值链总体上能够推动中国制造业转型升级;由于"低端锁定"及"吸收门槛"效应的存在,嵌入全球价值链并未产生显著的技术创新效应,从而对制造业转型升级产生了间接的消极影响;嵌入全球价值链的地位与制造业转型升级程度之间存在"U"型关系,低端嵌入不利于制造业转型升级,迈过"拐点"后的中高端嵌入能够明显推动制造业转型升级。中国制造业亟须抓住新工业革命带来的契机,提高自主创新能力,实现在全球价值链中的地位跃升,迈向全球价值链中高端,获取嵌入全球价值链的技术创新效应,从而实现转型升级、提质增效和国际竞争力提升。
This paper analyzes the mechanism of embedded global value chains on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry by constructing a theoretical model, and empirically tests the transformation and upgrading degree of 13 manufacturing industries embedded in the global value chain by selecting the panel data of China's manufacturing industry from 2001 to 2014 and using KPWW and comprehensive FGLS method. We find that the embedded global value chain can promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry in general; due to the "low-end locking"and "absorption threshold" effects, the embedded global value chain does not produce significant technological innovation effects, thus having an indirect negative impact on the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry; there is a "U" relationship between the position of embedded global value chains and the degree of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, which means the low-end embedded is not conducive to the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and the mid-end and high-end embedded after the "turning point" can obviously promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. China's manufacturing industry needs to seize the opportunity brought by the new industrial revolution, improve its independent innovation capability,achieve a higher position in the global value chain, move toward the mid-end and high-end of the global value chain, and acquire the technological innovation effect embedded in the global value chain in order to achieve the aim of transformation and upgrading, improvement of quality and efficiency and improvement of international competitiveness.
This paper analyzes the mechanism of embedded global value chains on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry by constructing a theoretical model, and empirically tests the transformation and upgrading degree of 13 manufacturing industries embedded in the global value chain by selecting the panel data of China's manufacturing industry from 2001 to 2014 and using KPWW and comprehensive FGLS method. We find that the embedded global value chain can promote the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry in general; due to the "low-end locking"and "absorption threshold" effects, the embedded global value chain does not produce significant technological innovation effects, thus having an indirect negative impact on the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry; there is a "U" relationship between the position of embedded global value chains and the degree of transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry, which means the low-end embedded is not conducive to the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and the mid-end and high-end embedded after the "turning point" can obviously promote the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. China's manufacturing industry needs to seize the opportunity brought by the new industrial revolution, improve its independent innovation capability,achieve a higher position in the global value chain, move toward the mid-end and high-end of the global value chain, and acquire the technological innovation effect embedded in the global value chain in order to achieve the aim of transformation and upgrading, improvement of quality and efficiency and improvement of international competitiveness.
引文
[1]PORTER M.Competitive advantage:creating and sustaining superior performance[M].New York:The Free Press,1985.
[2]GEREFFI G.International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain[J].Journal of International Economics,1999,48(1):37-70.
[3]KAPLINSKY R,MORRIS M.A handbook for value chain research[M].IDRC Ottawa Press,2001.
[4]GEREFFI G,BAIR J.Strengthening Nicaragua’s position in the textile-apparel value chain:upgrading in the context of the CAFTA-DR region[R].Managua:Government of Nicaragua,2010.
[5]FREDERICK S,STARITZ C.Developments in the global apparel industrial after the MFAphase out[M].Washington,D C:World Bank Publications,2012:41-85.
[6]GEREFFI G,FERNANDEZ-STARK K,BAM-BER P.Peru in the high quality cotton textile and apparel global value chain:opportunities for upgrading[C].Durham NC:Duke University,2016.
[7]HUMPHREY J,SCHMITZ H.Governance in global value chains[J].IDS Bulletin,2001,32(3):pp.19~29.
[8]KAPLINSKY R,Globalization and unequalisation:what can be learned from value-chain analysis?[J].Journal of Development Studies.2010,37(2):117-146.
[9]REENSTRA R C,HANSON G H.Globalization,outsourcing and wage inequality[J].American Economic Review.1996,86(2):240-245.
[10]刘志彪,张杰.从融入全球价值链到构建国家价值链:中国产业升级的战略思考[J].学术月刊,2009(9):59-68.
[11]郑琼娥,林峰.跨国公司在华价值链调整与我国制造业转型升级[J].改革,2012(12):109-117.
[12]王文成.全球价值链嵌入对我国企业创新的影响[J].改革,2018(6):150-158.
[13]尹伟华.中国高技术产业参与全球价值链程度和地位研究[J].世界经济研究,2016(7):64-72.
[14]张亚豪,李晓华.复杂产品系统产业全球价值链的升级路径:以大飞机产业为例[J].改革,2018(5):76-86.
[15]刘仕国,吴海英,马涛,等.利用全球价值链促进产业升级[J].国际经济评论,2015(1):64-84.
[16]FAROLE T,DEBORAH W.“Policy implications”in making foreign direct investment work for Sub-Saharan Africa:local spillovers and competitiveness in global value chains[M],Washington,D C:World Bank,2014:79-263.
[17]JONES K.A Framework for fragment[M].Massachusetts:Oxford University Press,2001:17-34.
[18]KOOPMAN R,WILLIAM P,WANG Z,WEISJ.Give credit where credit is due:Tracing value added in global production chains[C].Cambridge:NBER Working Paper Series.2010.
(1)13个制造业行业及编码对应的国民经济行业分类分别为:3.农副食品加工业,食品、饮料、烟草制造业;4.纺织业,纺织服装、鞋帽制造业;5.皮革、毛皮、羽毛(绒)及制品业;6.木材加工及木、竹、藤、棕、草制品业,家具制造业;7.造纸及纸制品业,印刷和记录媒介的复制;8.石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业;9.化学原料及化学制品制造业,医药制造业,化学纤维制造业;10.橡胶制品业,塑料制品业;11.非金属矿物制品业;12.黑色金属冶炼及压延工业,有色金属冶炼及压延工业,金属制品业;13.通用设备制造业,专用设备制造业,仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业;14.电器机械及器材制造业,通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业;15.交通运输设备制造业。
[2]GEREFFI G.International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain[J].Journal of International Economics,1999,48(1):37-70.
[3]KAPLINSKY R,MORRIS M.A handbook for value chain research[M].IDRC Ottawa Press,2001.
[4]GEREFFI G,BAIR J.Strengthening Nicaragua’s position in the textile-apparel value chain:upgrading in the context of the CAFTA-DR region[R].Managua:Government of Nicaragua,2010.
[5]FREDERICK S,STARITZ C.Developments in the global apparel industrial after the MFAphase out[M].Washington,D C:World Bank Publications,2012:41-85.
[6]GEREFFI G,FERNANDEZ-STARK K,BAM-BER P.Peru in the high quality cotton textile and apparel global value chain:opportunities for upgrading[C].Durham NC:Duke University,2016.
[7]HUMPHREY J,SCHMITZ H.Governance in global value chains[J].IDS Bulletin,2001,32(3):pp.19~29.
[8]KAPLINSKY R,Globalization and unequalisation:what can be learned from value-chain analysis?[J].Journal of Development Studies.2010,37(2):117-146.
[9]REENSTRA R C,HANSON G H.Globalization,outsourcing and wage inequality[J].American Economic Review.1996,86(2):240-245.
[10]刘志彪,张杰.从融入全球价值链到构建国家价值链:中国产业升级的战略思考[J].学术月刊,2009(9):59-68.
[11]郑琼娥,林峰.跨国公司在华价值链调整与我国制造业转型升级[J].改革,2012(12):109-117.
[12]王文成.全球价值链嵌入对我国企业创新的影响[J].改革,2018(6):150-158.
[13]尹伟华.中国高技术产业参与全球价值链程度和地位研究[J].世界经济研究,2016(7):64-72.
[14]张亚豪,李晓华.复杂产品系统产业全球价值链的升级路径:以大飞机产业为例[J].改革,2018(5):76-86.
[15]刘仕国,吴海英,马涛,等.利用全球价值链促进产业升级[J].国际经济评论,2015(1):64-84.
[16]FAROLE T,DEBORAH W.“Policy implications”in making foreign direct investment work for Sub-Saharan Africa:local spillovers and competitiveness in global value chains[M],Washington,D C:World Bank,2014:79-263.
[17]JONES K.A Framework for fragment[M].Massachusetts:Oxford University Press,2001:17-34.
[18]KOOPMAN R,WILLIAM P,WANG Z,WEISJ.Give credit where credit is due:Tracing value added in global production chains[C].Cambridge:NBER Working Paper Series.2010.
(1)13个制造业行业及编码对应的国民经济行业分类分别为:3.农副食品加工业,食品、饮料、烟草制造业;4.纺织业,纺织服装、鞋帽制造业;5.皮革、毛皮、羽毛(绒)及制品业;6.木材加工及木、竹、藤、棕、草制品业,家具制造业;7.造纸及纸制品业,印刷和记录媒介的复制;8.石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业;9.化学原料及化学制品制造业,医药制造业,化学纤维制造业;10.橡胶制品业,塑料制品业;11.非金属矿物制品业;12.黑色金属冶炼及压延工业,有色金属冶炼及压延工业,金属制品业;13.通用设备制造业,专用设备制造业,仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业;14.电器机械及器材制造业,通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业;15.交通运输设备制造业。
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