河北山地落叶松林河岸缓冲带去污效果试验研究
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摘要
选用3种浓度铵态氮和总磷溶液,分别以0.67L/s、1.82L/s两种流量对河北省围场县落叶松林河岸缓冲带进行灌水试验,分析河岸缓冲带对不同浓度、不同流量地表径流中铵态氮、总磷的削减效果。结果表明,随缓冲距离增加,河岸缓冲带对地表径流铵态氮和总磷削减效果呈增强趋势。在相同缓冲距离处,较小地表径流量下对铵态氮和总磷削减率普遍大于较大流量下的削减率。随着缓冲距离增大,较小径流量下铵态氮削减率和较大流量下铵态氮削减率的差值表现出先增大后减小的趋势。经20m的落叶松林河岸缓冲带后,地表径流量对各污染条件下铵态氮和总磷削减率的影响逐渐变小。在两种径流量下,落叶松河岸缓冲带对铵态氮和总磷的削减率都呈现出重度污染削减率>中度污染削减率>轻度污染削减率的规律。
To fully understand the reduction effects of larch forest riparian buffer zones on surface runoff pollutants,we used ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus solutions of three concentrations to irrigate the larch forest riparian buffer zone in Weichang County of Hebei Province at flow rates of 0.67L/s and 1.82L/s.The results showed that the reduction effect of riparian buffer zone on the ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface runoff would be enhanced with the increase of buffer length.At the same buffer distance in the riparian buffer zone,the reduction rates of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in the smaller surface runoff were both better than those in the larger runoff.With the increase of buffer distance,the difference of the reduction rate of ammonium nitrogen between smaller runoff and larger runoff showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.When the polluted water flowed through 20 mlarch forest riparian buffer zone,the influence of surface runoff on the reduction rates of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus became smaller in all the pollution conditions.At both runoff volumes,the reduction rates of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in the larch riparian buffer zone showed the laws of heavy pollution reduction rate> moderate pollution reduction rate>light pollution reduction rate.
To fully understand the reduction effects of larch forest riparian buffer zones on surface runoff pollutants,we used ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus solutions of three concentrations to irrigate the larch forest riparian buffer zone in Weichang County of Hebei Province at flow rates of 0.67L/s and 1.82L/s.The results showed that the reduction effect of riparian buffer zone on the ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in surface runoff would be enhanced with the increase of buffer length.At the same buffer distance in the riparian buffer zone,the reduction rates of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in the smaller surface runoff were both better than those in the larger runoff.With the increase of buffer distance,the difference of the reduction rate of ammonium nitrogen between smaller runoff and larger runoff showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.When the polluted water flowed through 20 mlarch forest riparian buffer zone,the influence of surface runoff on the reduction rates of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus became smaller in all the pollution conditions.At both runoff volumes,the reduction rates of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus in the larch riparian buffer zone showed the laws of heavy pollution reduction rate> moderate pollution reduction rate>light pollution reduction rate.
引文
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[13]吴建强.不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):112-117.(WU J Q.Quantitative study of the damping effect of buffer strips with different slopes on runoff and pollutant removal efficiency[J].Advances in water science,2011,22(1):112-117.(in Chinese))
[14] MUOZ-ROBLES C,TIGHE M,REID N,et al.A twostep up-scaling method for mapping runoff and sediment production from pasture and woody encroachment on semi-arid hillslopes.Ecohydrology,2013(6):83-93.
[15]吴永波.河岸植被缓冲带减缓农业面源污染研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(3):143-148.(WU Yongbo.Research progress on the riparian vegetation buffer strip functions on agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,2015,39(3):143-148.(in Chinese))
[16]周思思,王冬梅.河岸缓冲带净污机制及其效果影响因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(5):114-120.(Zhou Sisi,Wang Dongmei.The review on purification mechanism and its influencing factors of riparian buffers[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,12(5):114-120.(in Chinese))
[17]曹梓豪,赵清贺,左宪禹,等.基于坡面水文连通性的黄河下游河岸缓冲带植被格局优化[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):739-747.(CAO Z H,ZHAO Q H,ZUO X Y,et al.Optimizing vegetation pattern for the riparian buffer zone along the lower Yellow River based on slope hydrological connectivity[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(3):739-747.(in Chinese))
[18]汤家喜,何苗苗,王道涵,等.河岸缓冲带对地表径流及悬浮颗粒物的阻控效应[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2747-2755.(TANG J X,HE M M,WANG D H,et al.Suspended sediments and runoff reduction by established riparian vegetated filter strips[J].Chinese Journal of environmental engineering,2016,10(5):2747-2755.(in Chinese)
[2]赵清贺,刘倩,马丽娇,等.黄河中下游典型河岸缓冲带植被格局时空动态[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(8):2127-2137.(ZHAO Q H,LIU Q,MA L J,et al.Spatial-temporal dynamics of vegetation pattern in a typical riparian buffer zone of the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2017,36(8):2127-2137.(in Chinese))
[3] MESSER T L,BURCHELL M R,GRABOW G L,et al.Groundwater nitrate reductions within upstream and downstream sections of a riparian buffer[J].Ecological Engineering,2012,47:297-307.
[4] CLINTON B D.Stream water responses to timber harvest:Riparian buffer width effectiveness[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2011,261:979-988.
[5] FORTIER J,GAGNON D,TRUAX B,et al.Biomass and volume yield after 6years in multiclonal hybrid poplar riparian buffer strips[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2010,34:1028-1040.
[6]李萍萍,崔波,付为国,等.河岸带不同植被类型及宽度对污染物去除效果的影响[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2013,37(6):47-52.(LI P P,CUI B,FU W G,et al.Effects of riparian buffer vegetation types and width on pollutant removal[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,2017,37(6):47-52.(in Chinese))
[7]张广分.潮白河上游河岸植被缓冲带对氮、磷去除效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(8):189-194.(ZHANG G F.The effects of riparian vegetation buffer zones on nitrogen and phosphorus reduction in Chaobai river upstream[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,29(8):189-194.(in Chinese))
[8]阎丽凤,石险峰,于立忠,等.沈阳地区河岸植被缓冲带对氮、磷的削减效果研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(2):403?408.(YAN L F,SHI X F,YU L Z,et al.Elimination effects of riparian vegetation buffer zones on surface water nitrogen and phosphorus in Shenyang suburbs[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(2):403-408.(in Chinese))
[9]田素平,张宽义,王雄宾.冀北山地河岸缓冲带净水效果研究[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(17):263-264,284.(TIAN S P,ZHANG K Y,WANG X B.The water purification effect of riparian buffer zone in mountainous area of North Hebei[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2015,43(17):263-264,284.(in Chinese))
[10]陈航,杨栋,华玉妹,等.河岸草本缓冲带对模拟径流中污染物的净化[J].环境工程,2017,35(5):1-5.(CHEN Hang,YANG Dong,HUA Yu-mei,et al.Purifying ability of riparian pasture buffer strips for polltans[J].Environmental Engineering,2017,35(5):1-5.(in Chinese))
[11]孙金伟,许文盛.河岸植被缓冲带生态功能及其过滤机理的研究进展[J].长江科学院院报,2017,34(3):40-44.(SUN J W,XU W S.Research advances in ecological functions and filtration mechanism of riparian buffer[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2017,34(3):40-44.(in Chinese))
[12]王敏,吴建强,黄沈发,等.不同坡度缓冲带径流污染净化效果及其最佳宽度[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4951-4956.(WANG M,WU J Q,HUANG S F,et al.Optimizing vegetation pattern for the riparian buffer zone along the lower Yellow River based on slope hydrological connectivity[J].Acta ecologica sinica,2008,28(10):4951-4956.(in Chinese))
[13]吴建强.不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):112-117.(WU J Q.Quantitative study of the damping effect of buffer strips with different slopes on runoff and pollutant removal efficiency[J].Advances in water science,2011,22(1):112-117.(in Chinese))
[14] MUOZ-ROBLES C,TIGHE M,REID N,et al.A twostep up-scaling method for mapping runoff and sediment production from pasture and woody encroachment on semi-arid hillslopes.Ecohydrology,2013(6):83-93.
[15]吴永波.河岸植被缓冲带减缓农业面源污染研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2015,39(3):143-148.(WU Yongbo.Research progress on the riparian vegetation buffer strip functions on agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University,2015,39(3):143-148.(in Chinese))
[16]周思思,王冬梅.河岸缓冲带净污机制及其效果影响因子研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(5):114-120.(Zhou Sisi,Wang Dongmei.The review on purification mechanism and its influencing factors of riparian buffers[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,12(5):114-120.(in Chinese))
[17]曹梓豪,赵清贺,左宪禹,等.基于坡面水文连通性的黄河下游河岸缓冲带植被格局优化[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):739-747.(CAO Z H,ZHAO Q H,ZUO X Y,et al.Optimizing vegetation pattern for the riparian buffer zone along the lower Yellow River based on slope hydrological connectivity[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(3):739-747.(in Chinese))
[18]汤家喜,何苗苗,王道涵,等.河岸缓冲带对地表径流及悬浮颗粒物的阻控效应[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(5):2747-2755.(TANG J X,HE M M,WANG D H,et al.Suspended sediments and runoff reduction by established riparian vegetated filter strips[J].Chinese Journal of environmental engineering,2016,10(5):2747-2755.(in Chinese)