大型过水性湖泊——洪泽湖浮游植物群落结构及其水质生物评价
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摘要
大型过水性湖泊——洪泽湖是南水北调东线工程重要的调蓄湖泊,在气候调节、防洪抗旱、旅游休闲、水资源和水产品供应等方面都有着重要的作用.为了解其浮游植物群落结构和水体健康状态,于2015年8月-2016年7月,对洪泽湖浮游植物进行了逐月野外采样.共鉴定浮游植物147种,隶属于8门,其中绿藻门、硅藻门、蓝藻门物种最多.浮游植物细胞丰度全湖年平均值为5.35×10~7±4.67×10~7cells/L,生物量平均值为14.24±8.52 mg/L.洪泽湖浮游植物分布存在明显的时空差异,空间格局上,北部成子湖区浮游植物细胞丰度最高,绿藻门为优势门类;西部溧河洼湖区丰度次高,蓝藻门为优势门类;湖心区及南部丰度较低,大部分点位蓝藻门或绿藻门为优势门类.季节动态上,夏季浮游植物细胞丰度高,蓝藻门是主要的优势门类;冬季细胞丰度较低,硅藻门是主要的优势门类.与1980s的调查相比,近年来浮游植物种(属)数有所下降,丰富度、均匀度等也低于早期调查结果.利用浮游植物进行水质生物评价的结果显示,洪泽湖总体上处于β-中污带,与周边水体相比,洪泽湖富营养化水平低于骆马湖,但高于淮河、高邮湖.
Lake Hongze is an important storage lake for the Eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It plays an important role in climate regulation,flood control and drought protection,tourism and recreation,supply of water resources and aquatic products. In order to understand its phytoplankton community structure and aquatic health status,this study conducted monthly field survey for phytoplankton in Lake Hongze from August 2015 to July 2016. A total of 147 phytoplankton species were identified,belonging to 8 phyla,of which Chlorophyta,Diatomophyta,Cyanophyta were the most abundant. The annual average abundance of phytoplankton was 5.35×10~7±4.67×10~7 cells/L,and the average biomass was 14.24±8.52 mg/L. There was obvious spatial and temporal difference in the distribution of phytoplankton in Lake Hongze. In terms of spatial pattern,phytoplankton in Lake Chengzihu had the highest cell abundance,dominated by Chlorophyta; the Lihewa Lake had the second highest abundance and dominated by the Cyanophyta; the centre and south lake region had low phytoplankton abundance,and Chlorophyta or Cyanophyta was dominant in the most sites. In terms of seasonal pattern,phytoplankton were abundant in summer with Cyanophyta dominant. In winter,phytoplankton abundance was low and diatoms were dominant. Compared with the survey in the 1980 s,the number of phytoplankton species( genera) had declined in recent years,and the richness,evenness,etc. had also been lower than those of earlier investigations. The results of bioassessment of phytoplankton showed that Lake Hongze was suffered β-mesosaprobic zone pollution,and its eutrophication level was lower than that of Lake Luoma,but higher than Huaihe River and Lake Gaoyou.
Lake Hongze is an important storage lake for the Eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. It plays an important role in climate regulation,flood control and drought protection,tourism and recreation,supply of water resources and aquatic products. In order to understand its phytoplankton community structure and aquatic health status,this study conducted monthly field survey for phytoplankton in Lake Hongze from August 2015 to July 2016. A total of 147 phytoplankton species were identified,belonging to 8 phyla,of which Chlorophyta,Diatomophyta,Cyanophyta were the most abundant. The annual average abundance of phytoplankton was 5.35×10~7±4.67×10~7 cells/L,and the average biomass was 14.24±8.52 mg/L. There was obvious spatial and temporal difference in the distribution of phytoplankton in Lake Hongze. In terms of spatial pattern,phytoplankton in Lake Chengzihu had the highest cell abundance,dominated by Chlorophyta; the Lihewa Lake had the second highest abundance and dominated by the Cyanophyta; the centre and south lake region had low phytoplankton abundance,and Chlorophyta or Cyanophyta was dominant in the most sites. In terms of seasonal pattern,phytoplankton were abundant in summer with Cyanophyta dominant. In winter,phytoplankton abundance was low and diatoms were dominant. Compared with the survey in the 1980 s,the number of phytoplankton species( genera) had declined in recent years,and the richness,evenness,etc. had also been lower than those of earlier investigations. The results of bioassessment of phytoplankton showed that Lake Hongze was suffered β-mesosaprobic zone pollution,and its eutrophication level was lower than that of Lake Luoma,but higher than Huaihe River and Lake Gaoyou.
引文
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[5]Shu WX,Zhang YS,Wei CZ et al.The dynamics and influencing factors of planktonic algae changes in Hongze Lake.Water Resources Protection,2016,5:115-122.[舒卫先,张云舒,韦翠珍等.洪泽湖浮游藻类变化动态及影响因素.水资源保护,2016,5:115-122.]
[6]Spatharis S,Roelke D,Dimitrakopoulos P et al.Analyzing the(mis)behavior of Shannon index in eutrophication studies using field and simulated phytoplankton assemblages.Ecological Indicators,2011,11(2):697-703.DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.09.009.
[7]Gao SR,Pan LJ,Sun FY et al.Evaluation of environmental water pollution and eutrophication by aquatic organisms.Environment Science and Management,2006,(6):174-176.[高世荣,潘力军,孙凤英等.用水生生物评价环境水体的污染和富营养化.环境科学与管理,2006,(6):174-176.]
[8]Camp J,Flo E,Vila M et al.Pros and cons of biological quality element phytoplankton as a water-quality indicator in the NW Mediterranean Sea.Springer International Publishing,2015,43:135-160.DOI:10.1007/698_2015_392.
[9]Wang SM,Dou HS eds.Lakes in China.Beijing:Science Press,1998:268-271.[王苏民,窦鸿身.中国湖泊志.北京:科学出版社,1998,268-271.]
[10]Zhang ZS,Huang XF eds.Research methods of freshwater plankton.Beijing:Science Press,1991.[章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社,1991.]
[11]Editorial board of“Monitoring and Analysis Method of Water and Wastewater”,Ministry of Environmental Protection of China ed.Monitoring and analysis methods of water and wastewater:fourth edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.[国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法:第4版.北京:环境科学出版社,2002.]
[12]Liu JD,Gu ZM,Yang YJ et al.Phytoplankton community structure and water quality evaluation in Changchun Reservoir.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(11):2865-2871.[刘金殿,顾志敏,杨元杰等.长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价.生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2865-2871.]
[13]Wang MC,Liu XQ,Zhang JH.Lake eutrophication evaluation method and grading standard.Environmental Monitoring in China,2002,18(5):47-49.[王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准.中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.]
[14]Gao Y,Ci HX,Qi SC et al.Seasonal dynamics and water quality assessment of phytoplankton diversity in four tributaries of the Yi River.Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(2):176-180.[高远,慈海鑫,亓树财等.沂河4条支流浮游植物多样性季节动态与水质评价.环境科学研究,2009,22(2):176-180.]
[15]Han AM,Yang GL,Zhang SH et al.Investigation and evaluation of eutrophication and ecological status in Hongze Lake.The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2002,(6):18-20.[韩爱民,杨广利,张书海等.洪泽湖富营养化和生态状况调查与评价.环境监测管理与技术,2002,(6):18-20.]
[16]China Environmental Monitoring Station.National surface water quality report.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,2016.[中国环境监测总站.全国地表水水质月报.中华人民共和国生态环境部,2016.]
[17]Fang PZ,Cao JY.Analysis on ecological system evolution of hongze lake and diagnosis of ecological safety problems.Pearl River,2018,39(3):16-21.[方佩珍,晁建颖.洪泽湖生态系统演变趋势分析及生态安全问题诊.人民珠江,2018,39(3):16-21.]
[18]Wang ZQ,Zhang NH,Zhang Y et al.Evaluation of water eutrophication in Hongze Lake.Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2010,(6):33-37.[王兆群,张宁红,张咏等.洪泽湖水质富营养化评价.环境监控与预警,2010,(6):33-37.]
[19]Zhu WJ,Pang WT,You QM et al.Phytoplankton community structure and its water quality assessment in Huaihe River Basin in spring.J Lake Sci,2017,29(3):637-645.DOI:10.18307/2017.0312.[朱为菊,庞婉婷,尤庆敏等.淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价.湖泊科学,2017,29(3):637-645.]
[20]Eppley RW.Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea.Fishery Bulletin-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,1972,70(4):1063-1085.
[21]Zhai TE,Zhang JT,Hua F et al.Distribution characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen in the sediments of the eastern plain lake area.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,(9):5001-5008.[翟天恩,张靖天,华飞等.东部平原湖区沉积物中溶解性有机氮分布特征.环境工程学报,2016,(9):5001-5008.]
[22]Meng SL,Chen JC,Hu GD et al.Phytoplankton community characteristics and assessment of water quality in Lake Lihu of Taihu Lake.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(1):30-35.[孟顺龙,陈家长,胡庚东等.太湖蠡湖浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的评价.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(1):30-35.]
[23]Zhao XX,Hou GJ,Li J et al.Characteristics of phytoplankton community structure in Anhui section of the mainstream of the Huaihe River in 2015.Wetland Science,2017,(4):497-504.[赵秀侠,侯冠军,李静等.2015年淮河干流安徽段浮游植物群落结构特征.湿地科学,2017,(4):497-504.]
[24]Xia T,Chen J,Long J et al.Analysis of eutrophication characteristics of lake groups in Gaobao lake district of Jiangsu Province.Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2016,(4):40-45.[夏霆,陈静,龙健等.江苏省高宝湖区湖泊群富营养化特征分析.环境监控与预警,2016,(4):40-45.]
[25]Zou W,Li TM,Li L et al.Macrozoobenthos community structure and water quality assessment in Luoma Lake,northern Jiangsu Province.J Lake Sci,2017,29(5):1177-1187.DOI:10.18307/2017.0515.[邹伟,李太民,刘利等.苏北骆马湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价.湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1177-1187.]
[26]Wu Z,Cai Y,Liu X et al.Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton in Lake Poyang:The largest freshwater lake in China.Journal of Great Lakes Research,2013,39(3):476-483.DOI:10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.008.
[2]Ge XG,Wang GX.Research on ecological environment investigation and improvement countermeasures of Hongze Lake.Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2007,18:5537-5539.[葛绪广,王国祥.洪泽湖生态环境调查与改善对策研究.安徽农业科学,2007,18:5537-5539.]
[3]Ge XG,Wang GX.Eco-environment problems and causes of Hongze Lake.Yangtze River,2008,(1):28-30.[葛绪广,王国祥.洪泽湖面临的生态环境问题及其成因.人民长江,2008,(1):28-30.]
[4]Ye C,Li CH,Wang B et al.Discussion on construction scheme of Hongze Lake healthy water ecosystem.J Lake Sci,2011,23(5):725-730.DOI:10.18307/2011.0509.[叶春,李春华,王博等.洪泽湖健康水生态系统构建方案探讨.湖泊科学,2011,23(5):725-730.]
[5]Shu WX,Zhang YS,Wei CZ et al.The dynamics and influencing factors of planktonic algae changes in Hongze Lake.Water Resources Protection,2016,5:115-122.[舒卫先,张云舒,韦翠珍等.洪泽湖浮游藻类变化动态及影响因素.水资源保护,2016,5:115-122.]
[6]Spatharis S,Roelke D,Dimitrakopoulos P et al.Analyzing the(mis)behavior of Shannon index in eutrophication studies using field and simulated phytoplankton assemblages.Ecological Indicators,2011,11(2):697-703.DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.09.009.
[7]Gao SR,Pan LJ,Sun FY et al.Evaluation of environmental water pollution and eutrophication by aquatic organisms.Environment Science and Management,2006,(6):174-176.[高世荣,潘力军,孙凤英等.用水生生物评价环境水体的污染和富营养化.环境科学与管理,2006,(6):174-176.]
[8]Camp J,Flo E,Vila M et al.Pros and cons of biological quality element phytoplankton as a water-quality indicator in the NW Mediterranean Sea.Springer International Publishing,2015,43:135-160.DOI:10.1007/698_2015_392.
[9]Wang SM,Dou HS eds.Lakes in China.Beijing:Science Press,1998:268-271.[王苏民,窦鸿身.中国湖泊志.北京:科学出版社,1998,268-271.]
[10]Zhang ZS,Huang XF eds.Research methods of freshwater plankton.Beijing:Science Press,1991.[章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社,1991.]
[11]Editorial board of“Monitoring and Analysis Method of Water and Wastewater”,Ministry of Environmental Protection of China ed.Monitoring and analysis methods of water and wastewater:fourth edition.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002.[国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法:第4版.北京:环境科学出版社,2002.]
[12]Liu JD,Gu ZM,Yang YJ et al.Phytoplankton community structure and water quality evaluation in Changchun Reservoir.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2012,31(11):2865-2871.[刘金殿,顾志敏,杨元杰等.长诏水库浮游植物群落结构及水质评价.生态学杂志,2012,31(11):2865-2871.]
[13]Wang MC,Liu XQ,Zhang JH.Lake eutrophication evaluation method and grading standard.Environmental Monitoring in China,2002,18(5):47-49.[王明翠,刘雪芹,张建辉.湖泊富营养化评价方法及分级标准.中国环境监测,2002,18(5):47-49.]
[14]Gao Y,Ci HX,Qi SC et al.Seasonal dynamics and water quality assessment of phytoplankton diversity in four tributaries of the Yi River.Research of Environmental Sciences,2009,22(2):176-180.[高远,慈海鑫,亓树财等.沂河4条支流浮游植物多样性季节动态与水质评价.环境科学研究,2009,22(2):176-180.]
[15]Han AM,Yang GL,Zhang SH et al.Investigation and evaluation of eutrophication and ecological status in Hongze Lake.The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring,2002,(6):18-20.[韩爱民,杨广利,张书海等.洪泽湖富营养化和生态状况调查与评价.环境监测管理与技术,2002,(6):18-20.]
[16]China Environmental Monitoring Station.National surface water quality report.Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,2016.[中国环境监测总站.全国地表水水质月报.中华人民共和国生态环境部,2016.]
[17]Fang PZ,Cao JY.Analysis on ecological system evolution of hongze lake and diagnosis of ecological safety problems.Pearl River,2018,39(3):16-21.[方佩珍,晁建颖.洪泽湖生态系统演变趋势分析及生态安全问题诊.人民珠江,2018,39(3):16-21.]
[18]Wang ZQ,Zhang NH,Zhang Y et al.Evaluation of water eutrophication in Hongze Lake.Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2010,(6):33-37.[王兆群,张宁红,张咏等.洪泽湖水质富营养化评价.环境监控与预警,2010,(6):33-37.]
[19]Zhu WJ,Pang WT,You QM et al.Phytoplankton community structure and its water quality assessment in Huaihe River Basin in spring.J Lake Sci,2017,29(3):637-645.DOI:10.18307/2017.0312.[朱为菊,庞婉婷,尤庆敏等.淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价.湖泊科学,2017,29(3):637-645.]
[20]Eppley RW.Temperature and phytoplankton growth in the sea.Fishery Bulletin-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,1972,70(4):1063-1085.
[21]Zhai TE,Zhang JT,Hua F et al.Distribution characteristics of dissolved organic nitrogen in the sediments of the eastern plain lake area.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,(9):5001-5008.[翟天恩,张靖天,华飞等.东部平原湖区沉积物中溶解性有机氮分布特征.环境工程学报,2016,(9):5001-5008.]
[22]Meng SL,Chen JC,Hu GD et al.Phytoplankton community characteristics and assessment of water quality in Lake Lihu of Taihu Lake.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(1):30-35.[孟顺龙,陈家长,胡庚东等.太湖蠡湖浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的评价.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(1):30-35.]
[23]Zhao XX,Hou GJ,Li J et al.Characteristics of phytoplankton community structure in Anhui section of the mainstream of the Huaihe River in 2015.Wetland Science,2017,(4):497-504.[赵秀侠,侯冠军,李静等.2015年淮河干流安徽段浮游植物群落结构特征.湿地科学,2017,(4):497-504.]
[24]Xia T,Chen J,Long J et al.Analysis of eutrophication characteristics of lake groups in Gaobao lake district of Jiangsu Province.Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2016,(4):40-45.[夏霆,陈静,龙健等.江苏省高宝湖区湖泊群富营养化特征分析.环境监控与预警,2016,(4):40-45.]
[25]Zou W,Li TM,Li L et al.Macrozoobenthos community structure and water quality assessment in Luoma Lake,northern Jiangsu Province.J Lake Sci,2017,29(5):1177-1187.DOI:10.18307/2017.0515.[邹伟,李太民,刘利等.苏北骆马湖大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价.湖泊科学,2017,29(5):1177-1187.]
[26]Wu Z,Cai Y,Liu X et al.Temporal and spatial variability of phytoplankton in Lake Poyang:The largest freshwater lake in China.Journal of Great Lakes Research,2013,39(3):476-483.DOI:10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.008.
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