7个饲草谷子品种不同生育期不同部位养分分布格局
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摘要
对江苏地区7个饲草谷子品种在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期茎秆、穗、叶片和全株中的营养成分含量进行测定,结果显示:张杂谷10号、张杂谷13号和大同37的茎秆、叶片和全株中粗蛋白质(CP)含量抽穗期显著高于灌浆期和成熟期(P<0.05);赤谷16、张杂谷16、豫谷18和衡饲1号的茎秆、穗和全株中CP含量灌浆期显著高于抽穗期和成熟期(P<0.05)。大同37的茎秆中可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量抽穗期和成熟期显著高于灌浆期(P<0.05),其它6个品种茎秆中的WSC含量均为成熟期最高;穗中的WSC含量7个参试品种均为成熟期最低;叶中的WSC含量7个参试品种均为抽穗期最低。7个参试品种全株的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均为抽穗期最高。7个参试品种穗和全株的干物质体外消化率(IVDMD)抽穗期显著高于成熟期(P<0.05)。综合分析表明,供试饲草谷子品种在抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期茎秆、穗、叶片和全株中的各营养成分含量差异达显著水平(P<0.05),抽穗期张杂谷13号茎秆、穗及全株中的CP含量高于其它品种,NDF和ADF含量显著低于其他品种,品质较好;灌浆期张杂谷16和豫谷18全株中CP含量高于其它品种,NDF含量显著低于其他品种,品质较好。
The objective of this study was to investigate the different development stage on nutrition distribution in the growing stems,ears,leaves,and whole-plant of foxtail millets(Setaria italica Beauv.)plant.Seven millets cultivars(Zhangzagu No.10,Zhangzagu No.13,Zhangzagu No.16,Datong No.37,Chigu No.16,Yugu No.18,Hengsi No.1)were grown in a complete randomized block design with 3replications in Jiangsu area,harvested at heading stage,filling stage and mature stage.Crude protein(CP)contents in stems,leaves and wholeplant of Zhangzagu No.10,Zhangzagu No.13 and Datong No.37 at the heading stage were significantly higher than at the filling and mature stage(P<0.05);CP contents in stems,ears and whole-plant of Chigu No.16,Zhangzagu No.16,Yugu No.18 and Hengsi No.1at the filling stage were significantly higher than at the heading and mature stage(P<0.05).Water-soluble carbohydrate(WSC)contents in stem of Datdong No.37 at the heading and mature stage were significantly higher than at the filling stage(P<0.05),while the WSC contents in stem of the other tested varieties at the mature stage were highest.WSC contents in ears of all tested varieties at the mature stage were lowest.WSC contents in leaves of all tested varieties at the heading stage were lowest.Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents in whole-plant of all tested varieties at heading stage were highest.In vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)contents in ears and whole-plant of all tested varieties at the heading stage were significantly higher than at the mature stage(P<0.05).Nutrient content of stems,ears,leaves,and whole-plant of seven foxtail millets plant in Jiangsu were significant differences at heading stage,filling stage and mature stage(P<0.05).CP contents in stems,ears,and whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.13 at the heading stage were higher than in the other varieties,while NDF and ADF contents in stems,ears,and whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.13 at the heading stage were lower than in the other varieties,so the feeding quality higher than other varieties.CP contents in whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.16 and Yugu No.18 at the filling stage were higher than in the other varieties,while NDF contents in whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.16 and Yugu No.18 at the filling stage were lower than in the other varieties,so the feeding quality higher than other varieties.
The objective of this study was to investigate the different development stage on nutrition distribution in the growing stems,ears,leaves,and whole-plant of foxtail millets(Setaria italica Beauv.)plant.Seven millets cultivars(Zhangzagu No.10,Zhangzagu No.13,Zhangzagu No.16,Datong No.37,Chigu No.16,Yugu No.18,Hengsi No.1)were grown in a complete randomized block design with 3replications in Jiangsu area,harvested at heading stage,filling stage and mature stage.Crude protein(CP)contents in stems,leaves and wholeplant of Zhangzagu No.10,Zhangzagu No.13 and Datong No.37 at the heading stage were significantly higher than at the filling and mature stage(P<0.05);CP contents in stems,ears and whole-plant of Chigu No.16,Zhangzagu No.16,Yugu No.18 and Hengsi No.1at the filling stage were significantly higher than at the heading and mature stage(P<0.05).Water-soluble carbohydrate(WSC)contents in stem of Datdong No.37 at the heading and mature stage were significantly higher than at the filling stage(P<0.05),while the WSC contents in stem of the other tested varieties at the mature stage were highest.WSC contents in ears of all tested varieties at the mature stage were lowest.WSC contents in leaves of all tested varieties at the heading stage were lowest.Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)contents in whole-plant of all tested varieties at heading stage were highest.In vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)contents in ears and whole-plant of all tested varieties at the heading stage were significantly higher than at the mature stage(P<0.05).Nutrient content of stems,ears,leaves,and whole-plant of seven foxtail millets plant in Jiangsu were significant differences at heading stage,filling stage and mature stage(P<0.05).CP contents in stems,ears,and whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.13 at the heading stage were higher than in the other varieties,while NDF and ADF contents in stems,ears,and whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.13 at the heading stage were lower than in the other varieties,so the feeding quality higher than other varieties.CP contents in whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.16 and Yugu No.18 at the filling stage were higher than in the other varieties,while NDF contents in whole-plant of Zhangzagu No.16 and Yugu No.18 at the filling stage were lower than in the other varieties,so the feeding quality higher than other varieties.
引文
[1]周汉章,刘环,王新玉,等.播量与水肥耦合对河北秋闲田饲用谷子产量的影响[J].草原与草坪,2016,36(2):34-42.Zhou Hanzhang,Liu Huan,Wang Xinyu,et al.Effects of seeding rate,water and fertilizer coupling on grass yield of fodder millet(Setaria itlica)grown in autumn fallow field in Hebei[J].Grassland and Turf,2016,36(2):34-42.
[2]智慧,牛振刚,贾冠清,等.谷子干草饲用品质性状变异及相关分析[J].作物学报,2012,38(5):800-807.Zhi Hui,Niu Zhengang,Jia Guanqing,et al.Variation and correlation analysis of hay forage quality traits of foxtail millet[Setaria italic(L.)Beauv.][J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(5):800-807.
[3]陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:428-430.Chen Baoshu.Cultivation of forage crops[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:428-430.
[4] Lu H Y,Zhang J P,Liu K B,et al.Earliest domestication of common millet(Panicum miliaceum)in east Asia extended to10,000years ago[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(18):7967-7372.
[5] Gao Guoren.Origin and history of Chinese foxtail millet//Li Yinmei.Breeding science of foxtail millet[C].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1997:22-43.
[6]吴宝华,王伟斌,孙连震,等.不同品种谷子秸草的营养成分分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2005(6):33-34.Wu Baohua,Wang Weibin,Sun Lianzhen,et al.Analysis of nutritional components of different varieties of foxtail millet[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2005(6):33-34.
[7]周汉章,刘环,周建新,等.无公害饲用谷子种植技术[J].河北农业科学,2017,2(2):4-8.Zhou Hanzhang,Liu Huan,Zhou Jianxin,et al.Rules for planting technique of pollution-free forage millets[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2017,2(2):4-8.
[8] Mc Cartney D,Fraser J,Ohama A.Potential of warm-season annual forages and Brassica crops for grazing:a Canadian review[J].Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne,2009,89(4):431-440.
[9] Saseendran S A,Nielsen D C,Lyon D J,et al.Modeling responses of dryland spring triticale,proso millet and foxtail millet to initialsoil water in the high plains[J].Field Crops Research,2009,113(1):48-63.
[10] Curtis J J,Brandon J F,Weihing R M.Foxtail millet in Colorado[J].Colorado Exp.Station Bull,1940,461:3-12.
[11]刁现民.中国谷子产业与产业技术体系[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2011:20-30.Diao Xianmin.Chinese millet industry and industrial technology system[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011:20-30.
[12]牛振刚,智慧,柴杨,等.饲草专用谷子生长动态及最佳刈割期研究[J].华北农学报,2012,27(增刊):223-228.Niu Zhengang,Zhi Hui,Chai Yang,et al.Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of forage foxtail millet,Setaria italic(L.)Beauv.[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2012,27(Sup.):223-228.
[13]王桃,徐长林,张丽静,等.5个燕麦品种和品系不同生育期不同部位养分分布格局[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):70-81.Wang Tao,XüChanglin,Zhang Lijing,et al.Distribution patterns of nutrients in different positions of 5oat varieties at different breeding periods[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(4):70-81.
[14] Dubois M,Gilles K A,Hamilton J K,et al.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances[J].Analytical Chemistry,1956,28(3):350-353.
[15] Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74:3583-3597.
[16] Goto I,Minson D J.Prediction of the dry matter digestibility of tropical grasses using apepsin-cellulase essay[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1977,2(3):247-253.
[17] Svirskis A.Prospects for non-traditional plant species cultivated for forage in Lithuania[J].Not.Bot.Hort Agrobot.Cluj.,2009,37:215-218.
[18]宁娜.硒、除草剂及不同生态因子对谷子品质的影响[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016.Ning Na.Effects of Se,herbicide and ecological factors on grain quality of foxtail millet[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016.
[19]邢静熠.氮肥对谷子幼穗分化及产量和品质的影响[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016.Xing Jingyi.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the young spike differentiation and yield and quality of millet[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016.
[20]周汉章,刘环,刘斐,等.播量与水肥耦合对秋闲田饲用谷子水分利用率的影响[J].农学学报,2015,5(12):27-38.Zhou Hanzhang,Liu Huan,Liu Fei,et al.Effects of different seeding rates,water and fertilizer coupling on water use efficiency of fodder millet(Setaria italic(L.)Beauv.)in autumn idle land[J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(12):27-38.
[21]杨静,石凤翎,西力布.缘毛雀麦和无芒雀麦营养物质动态的研究[J].中国草地,1994,16(6):32-38.Yang Jing,Shi Fengling,Xi Libu.A study on dynamics of forage nutrition accumulation for Bromus inermis and Bromus cilictus[J].Grassland of China,1994,16(6):32-38.
[22]张文洁,董臣飞,丁成龙,等.收获期对多花黑麦草营养成分和青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(5):32-37.Zhang Wenjie,Dong Chenfei,Ding Chenglong.Effects of harvest stage on nutrients and silage quality of different cultivars of Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2016,38(5):32-37.
[2]智慧,牛振刚,贾冠清,等.谷子干草饲用品质性状变异及相关分析[J].作物学报,2012,38(5):800-807.Zhi Hui,Niu Zhengang,Jia Guanqing,et al.Variation and correlation analysis of hay forage quality traits of foxtail millet[Setaria italic(L.)Beauv.][J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2012,38(5):800-807.
[3]陈宝书.牧草饲料作物栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001:428-430.Chen Baoshu.Cultivation of forage crops[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2001:428-430.
[4] Lu H Y,Zhang J P,Liu K B,et al.Earliest domestication of common millet(Panicum miliaceum)in east Asia extended to10,000years ago[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2009,106(18):7967-7372.
[5] Gao Guoren.Origin and history of Chinese foxtail millet//Li Yinmei.Breeding science of foxtail millet[C].Beijing:China Agricultural Press,1997:22-43.
[6]吴宝华,王伟斌,孙连震,等.不同品种谷子秸草的营养成分分析[J].内蒙古农业科技,2005(6):33-34.Wu Baohua,Wang Weibin,Sun Lianzhen,et al.Analysis of nutritional components of different varieties of foxtail millet[J].Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology,2005(6):33-34.
[7]周汉章,刘环,周建新,等.无公害饲用谷子种植技术[J].河北农业科学,2017,2(2):4-8.Zhou Hanzhang,Liu Huan,Zhou Jianxin,et al.Rules for planting technique of pollution-free forage millets[J].Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences,2017,2(2):4-8.
[8] Mc Cartney D,Fraser J,Ohama A.Potential of warm-season annual forages and Brassica crops for grazing:a Canadian review[J].Canadian Veterinary Journal La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne,2009,89(4):431-440.
[9] Saseendran S A,Nielsen D C,Lyon D J,et al.Modeling responses of dryland spring triticale,proso millet and foxtail millet to initialsoil water in the high plains[J].Field Crops Research,2009,113(1):48-63.
[10] Curtis J J,Brandon J F,Weihing R M.Foxtail millet in Colorado[J].Colorado Exp.Station Bull,1940,461:3-12.
[11]刁现民.中国谷子产业与产业技术体系[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2011:20-30.Diao Xianmin.Chinese millet industry and industrial technology system[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011:20-30.
[12]牛振刚,智慧,柴杨,等.饲草专用谷子生长动态及最佳刈割期研究[J].华北农学报,2012,27(增刊):223-228.Niu Zhengang,Zhi Hui,Chai Yang,et al.Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of forage foxtail millet,Setaria italic(L.)Beauv.[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2012,27(Sup.):223-228.
[13]王桃,徐长林,张丽静,等.5个燕麦品种和品系不同生育期不同部位养分分布格局[J].草业学报,2011,20(4):70-81.Wang Tao,XüChanglin,Zhang Lijing,et al.Distribution patterns of nutrients in different positions of 5oat varieties at different breeding periods[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(4):70-81.
[14] Dubois M,Gilles K A,Hamilton J K,et al.Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances[J].Analytical Chemistry,1956,28(3):350-353.
[15] Van Soest P J,Robertson J B,Lewis B A.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74:3583-3597.
[16] Goto I,Minson D J.Prediction of the dry matter digestibility of tropical grasses using apepsin-cellulase essay[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1977,2(3):247-253.
[17] Svirskis A.Prospects for non-traditional plant species cultivated for forage in Lithuania[J].Not.Bot.Hort Agrobot.Cluj.,2009,37:215-218.
[18]宁娜.硒、除草剂及不同生态因子对谷子品质的影响[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016.Ning Na.Effects of Se,herbicide and ecological factors on grain quality of foxtail millet[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016.
[19]邢静熠.氮肥对谷子幼穗分化及产量和品质的影响[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016.Xing Jingyi.Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the young spike differentiation and yield and quality of millet[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016.
[20]周汉章,刘环,刘斐,等.播量与水肥耦合对秋闲田饲用谷子水分利用率的影响[J].农学学报,2015,5(12):27-38.Zhou Hanzhang,Liu Huan,Liu Fei,et al.Effects of different seeding rates,water and fertilizer coupling on water use efficiency of fodder millet(Setaria italic(L.)Beauv.)in autumn idle land[J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(12):27-38.
[21]杨静,石凤翎,西力布.缘毛雀麦和无芒雀麦营养物质动态的研究[J].中国草地,1994,16(6):32-38.Yang Jing,Shi Fengling,Xi Libu.A study on dynamics of forage nutrition accumulation for Bromus inermis and Bromus cilictus[J].Grassland of China,1994,16(6):32-38.
[22]张文洁,董臣飞,丁成龙,等.收获期对多花黑麦草营养成分和青贮品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2016,38(5):32-37.Zhang Wenjie,Dong Chenfei,Ding Chenglong.Effects of harvest stage on nutrients and silage quality of different cultivars of Italian Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2016,38(5):32-37.
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