滨海防护林土壤氮组分对凋落物和根系去除的响应
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摘要
在亚热带滨海防护林尾巨桉、湿地松、木麻黄和纹荚相思4种人工林中,设置去除凋落物、去除根系处理,分析土壤易变性氮组分和酶活性对地上、地下碳输入减少的响应。结果显示,处理两年后,去除凋落物和根系对土壤氮组分的影响因树种而异。去除凋落物显著降低尾巨桉人工林土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、矿质氮和微生物生物量氮含量,但去除根系处理对土壤氮组分影响不显著;去除根系显著增加湿地松人工林土壤矿质氮含量;去除根系和凋落物显著降低木麻黄人工林土壤铵态氮含量;去除凋落物和根系均未显著改变纹荚相思人工林土壤氮组分含量。Pearson相关分析结果表明,土壤氮组分含量对处理的响应与β-葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化有关。研究发现,来自于凋落物和根系的易变性碳输入减少,会影响微生物对氮的矿化和转化能力。在纹荚相思人工林中,微生物酶活性对去除凋落物和根系响应不敏感,表明纹荚相思人工林对易变性有机质输入的减少具有一定的适应性。
Litter and root removal trial were conducted to examine the effects of litter and root carbon input on soil labile nitrogen pool and soil enzyme activity in Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis,Pinus elliottii,Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia aulacocarpa plantations in subtropical China. Results suggested that C input manipulation induced difference in soil labile N pool depending on tree species.After 2-year treatment,roots exclusion didn't affect soil labile N pool,but litter removal significantly reduced soil NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,mineral N,and microbial biomass N concentration in E. urophylla × grandis plantation. In P. elliottii plantation,removal of roots significantly increase soil mineral N. In C. equisetifolia plantation,root or litter removal caused significant decrease in soil NH_4~+-N.However,there was no significant difference between the treatment and CK in soil labile N pool in A. aulacocarpa plantation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil labile N change induced by litter-or root-C input might relate with soil β-glucosidase,N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase,polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activity. Our results suggested that the reduction in litter-or root-C input may limit microbial functions in N mineralization and transformation processes. No significant response of soil enzyme activity to litter removal and root exclusion suggested a level of adjustability in ecosystem function in A. aulacocarpa plantation.
Litter and root removal trial were conducted to examine the effects of litter and root carbon input on soil labile nitrogen pool and soil enzyme activity in Eucalyptus urophylla × grandis,Pinus elliottii,Casuarina equisetifolia and Acacia aulacocarpa plantations in subtropical China. Results suggested that C input manipulation induced difference in soil labile N pool depending on tree species.After 2-year treatment,roots exclusion didn't affect soil labile N pool,but litter removal significantly reduced soil NH_4~+-N,NO_3~--N,mineral N,and microbial biomass N concentration in E. urophylla × grandis plantation. In P. elliottii plantation,removal of roots significantly increase soil mineral N. In C. equisetifolia plantation,root or litter removal caused significant decrease in soil NH_4~+-N.However,there was no significant difference between the treatment and CK in soil labile N pool in A. aulacocarpa plantation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the soil labile N change induced by litter-or root-C input might relate with soil β-glucosidase,N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase,polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase enzyme activity. Our results suggested that the reduction in litter-or root-C input may limit microbial functions in N mineralization and transformation processes. No significant response of soil enzyme activity to litter removal and root exclusion suggested a level of adjustability in ecosystem function in A. aulacocarpa plantation.
引文
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[2]KNOPS J M H,BRADLEY K L,WEDIN D A. Mechanisms of plant species impacts on ecosystem nitrogen cycling[J]. EcologyLetters,2002,5(3):454-466.
[3]ANDRIANARISOA K S,ZELLER B,POLY F,et al. Control of nitrification by tree species in a common-garden experiment[J]. Ecosystems,2010,13(8):1 171-1 187.
[4]LOVETT G M,WEATHERS K C,ARTHUR M A,et al. Nitrogen cycling in a northern hardwood forest:do species matter?[J]. Biogeochemistry,2004,67(3):289-308.
[5]KAMEI J,PANDEY H N,BARIK S K. Tree species distribution and its impact on soil properties,and nitrogen and phosphorusmineralization in a humid subtropical forest ecosystem of northeastern India[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2007,39(1):36-47.
[6]MEIER C L,BOWMAN W D. Links between plant litter chemistry,species diversity,and below-ground ecosystem function[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(50):19 780-19 785.
[7]SCOTT N A,BINKLEY D. Foliage litter quality and annual net N mineralization:comparison across North American forest sites[J]. Oecologia,1997,111(2):151-159.
[8]TEMPLER P,FINDLAY S,LOVETT G. Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations among five tree species of theCatskill Mountains,New York,USA[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(4):607-613.
[9]KANERVA S,KITUNEN V,KIIKKILO,et al. Response of soil C and N transformations to tannin fractions originating fromScots pine and Norway spruce needles[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(6):1 364-1 374.
[10]SMOLANDER A,KANERVA S,ADAMCZYK B,et al. Nitrogen transformations in boreal forest soils:does composition ofplant secondary compounds give any explanations?[J]. Plant and Soil,2012,350(1/2):1-26.
[11]HUANG Z Q,WAN X H,HE Z M,et al. Soil microbial biomass,community composition and soil nitrogen cycling in relationto tree species in subtropical China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,62:68-75.
[12]YIN H J,LI Y F,XIAO J,et al. Enhanced root exudation stimulates soil nitrogen transformations in a subalpine coniferousforest under experimental warming[J]. Global Change Biology,2013,19(7):2 158-2 167.
[13]SUBBARAO G V,ITO O,SAHRAWAT K L,et al. Scope and strategies for regulation of nitrification in agricultural systems:challenges and opportunities[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2006,25(4):303-335.
[14]NADELHOFFER K J,BOONE R D,BOWDEN R D,et al. The DIRT experiment:litter and root influences on forest soilorganic matter stocks and function[M]∥FOSTER D R,ABER J D. Forest Landscape Dynamics in New England:EcosystemStructure and Function as a Consequence of 5000 Years of Change. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.
[15]LAJTHA K,CROW S E,YANO Y,et al. Detrital controls on soil solution N and dissolved organic matter in soils:a fieldexperiment[J]. Biogeochemistry,2005,76(2):261-281.
[16] WANG Q K,HE T X,WANG S L,et al. Carbon input manipulation affects soil respiration and microbial communitycomposition in a subtropical coniferous forest[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,178-179:152-160.
[17]PARK J H,MATZNER E. Controls on the release of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from a deciduous forest floorinvestigated by manipulations of aboveground litter inputs and water flux[J]. Biogeochemistry,2003,66(3):265-286.
[18]FEKETE I,VARGA C,KOTROCZZ,et al. The relation between various detritus inputs and soil enzyme activities in aCentral European deciduous forest[J]. Geoderma,2011,167-168:15-21.
[19]KOTROCZZ,VERES Z,FEKETE I,et al. Soil enzyme activity in response to long-term organic matter manipulation[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,70:237-243.
[20]VERES Z,KOTROCZZ,FEKETE I,et al. Soil extracellular enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of detrital inputsand carbon availability[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2015,92:18-23.
[21]DICK R P,BREAKWELL D P,TURCO R F. Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiologicalindicators[M]∥DORAN J W,JONES A J. Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Madison:SSSA Special Publication,1996.
[22]戴腾飞,席本野,闫小莉,等.施肥方式和施氮量对欧美108杨人工林土壤氮素垂向运移的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1 641-1 648.
[23]魏志超,孟李群,李惠通,等.生物炭对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(1):60-66.
[24]张景普,于立忠,刘利芳,等.不同作业方式对落叶松人工林土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1 403-1 410.
[25]吕小燕,何斌,吴永富,等.连栽桉树人工林土壤有机碳氮储量及其分布特征[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(10):1 874-1 880.
[26]SAIYA-CORK K R,SINSABAUGH R L,ZAK D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzymeactivity in an Acer saccharum forest soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1 309-1 315.
[27]TURNER B L,HOPKINS D W,HAYGARTH P M,et al.β-Glucosidase activity in pasture soils[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2002,20(2):157-162.
[28]KRAKOMPERGER Z,TTH J A,VARGA C,et al. The effect of litter input on soil enzyme activity in an oak forest[J].Cereal Research Communications,2008,36(5):323-326.
[29] SINSABAUGH R L,ANTIBUS R K,LINKINS A E,et al. Wood decomposition:nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics inrelation to extracellular enzyme activity[J]. Ecology,1993,74(5):1 586-1 593.
[30]ZHOU X Q,CHEN C R,WANG Y F,et al. Warming and increased precipitation have differential effects on soil extracellularenzyme activities in a temperate grassland[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2013,444:552-558.
[31]SINSABAUGH R L. Phenol oxidase,peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(3):391-404.
[32]BRANT J B,MYROLD D D,SULZMAN E W. Root controls on soil microbial community structure in forest soils[J]. Oecologia,2006,148(4):650-659.
[33]FEKETE I,KOTROCZZ,VARGA C,et al. Alterations in forest detritus inputs influence soil carbon concentration andsoil respiration in a Central-European deciduous forest[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,74:106-114.
[34]FENG W T,ZOU X M,SCHAEFER D. Above-and belowground carbon inputs affect seasonal variations of soil microbialbiomass in a subtropical monsoon forest of southwest China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(5):978-983.
[35] CARREIRO M M,SINSABAUGH R L,REPERT D A,et al. Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses tosimulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Ecology,2000,81(9):2 359-2 365.
[36]MATSUSHIMA M,CHANG S X. Effects of understory removal,N fertilization,and litter layer removal on soil N cycling ina 13-year-old white spruce plantation infested with Canada bluejoint grass[J]. Plant and Soil,2007,292(1/2):243-258.
[37]陆耀东,薛立,曹鹤,等.去除地面枯落物对加勒比松(Pinus caribaea)林土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3 205-3 211.
[38]LI X. Nutrient cycling in a Chinese-fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)stand on a poor site in Yishan,Guangxi[J]. ForestEcology and Management,1996,89(1/2/3):115-123.
[39]GARCA-OLIVA F,SVESHTAROVA B,OLIVA M. Seasonal effects on soil organic carbon dynamics in a tropical deciduousforest ecosystem in western Mexico[J]. Journal of Tropical Ecology,2003,19(2):179-188.
[40]AMARAL H F,SENA J O A,SCHWAN-ESTRADA K R F,et al. Soil chemical and microbial properties in vineyards underorganic and conventional management in southern Brazil[J]. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo,2011,35(5):1 517-1 526.
[41]WEINTRAUB S R,WIEDER W R,CLEVELAND C C,et al. Organic matter inputs shift soil enzyme activity and allocationpatterns in a wet tropical forest[J]. Biogeochemistry,2013,114(1/2/3):313-326.
[42]ROSS D J,SCOTT N A,TATE K R,et al. Root effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in a Pinus radiata D. Donplantation on a coastal sand[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39(5):1 027-1 039.
[43]LAVOIE M,BRADLEY R L. Short-term increases in relative nitrification rates due to trenching in forest floor and mineralsoil horizons of different forest types[J]. Plant and Soil,2003,252(2):367-384.
[44]KUZYAKOV Y,FRIEDEL J K,STAHR K. Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects[J]. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry,2000,32(11/12):1 485-1 498.
[45]刘星,王娜,赵博,等.改变碳输入对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(4):655-661.
[46]桑昌鹏,万晓华,余再鹏,等.凋落物和根系去除对滨海沙地土壤微生物群落组成和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1 184-1 196.
[47]林宝平,林思祖,何宗明,等.不同碳输入方式对沿海防护林土壤氮库的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):385-391.
[48]陈玉平,吴佳斌,张曼,等.枯落物处理对森林土壤碳氮转化过程影响研究综述[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2012,7(2):84-94.
[2]KNOPS J M H,BRADLEY K L,WEDIN D A. Mechanisms of plant species impacts on ecosystem nitrogen cycling[J]. EcologyLetters,2002,5(3):454-466.
[3]ANDRIANARISOA K S,ZELLER B,POLY F,et al. Control of nitrification by tree species in a common-garden experiment[J]. Ecosystems,2010,13(8):1 171-1 187.
[4]LOVETT G M,WEATHERS K C,ARTHUR M A,et al. Nitrogen cycling in a northern hardwood forest:do species matter?[J]. Biogeochemistry,2004,67(3):289-308.
[5]KAMEI J,PANDEY H N,BARIK S K. Tree species distribution and its impact on soil properties,and nitrogen and phosphorusmineralization in a humid subtropical forest ecosystem of northeastern India[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2007,39(1):36-47.
[6]MEIER C L,BOWMAN W D. Links between plant litter chemistry,species diversity,and below-ground ecosystem function[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105(50):19 780-19 785.
[7]SCOTT N A,BINKLEY D. Foliage litter quality and annual net N mineralization:comparison across North American forest sites[J]. Oecologia,1997,111(2):151-159.
[8]TEMPLER P,FINDLAY S,LOVETT G. Soil microbial biomass and nitrogen transformations among five tree species of theCatskill Mountains,New York,USA[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(4):607-613.
[9]KANERVA S,KITUNEN V,KIIKKILO,et al. Response of soil C and N transformations to tannin fractions originating fromScots pine and Norway spruce needles[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(6):1 364-1 374.
[10]SMOLANDER A,KANERVA S,ADAMCZYK B,et al. Nitrogen transformations in boreal forest soils:does composition ofplant secondary compounds give any explanations?[J]. Plant and Soil,2012,350(1/2):1-26.
[11]HUANG Z Q,WAN X H,HE Z M,et al. Soil microbial biomass,community composition and soil nitrogen cycling in relationto tree species in subtropical China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2013,62:68-75.
[12]YIN H J,LI Y F,XIAO J,et al. Enhanced root exudation stimulates soil nitrogen transformations in a subalpine coniferousforest under experimental warming[J]. Global Change Biology,2013,19(7):2 158-2 167.
[13]SUBBARAO G V,ITO O,SAHRAWAT K L,et al. Scope and strategies for regulation of nitrification in agricultural systems:challenges and opportunities[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences,2006,25(4):303-335.
[14]NADELHOFFER K J,BOONE R D,BOWDEN R D,et al. The DIRT experiment:litter and root influences on forest soilorganic matter stocks and function[M]∥FOSTER D R,ABER J D. Forest Landscape Dynamics in New England:EcosystemStructure and Function as a Consequence of 5000 Years of Change. Oxford:Oxford University Press,2004.
[15]LAJTHA K,CROW S E,YANO Y,et al. Detrital controls on soil solution N and dissolved organic matter in soils:a fieldexperiment[J]. Biogeochemistry,2005,76(2):261-281.
[16] WANG Q K,HE T X,WANG S L,et al. Carbon input manipulation affects soil respiration and microbial communitycomposition in a subtropical coniferous forest[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,178-179:152-160.
[17]PARK J H,MATZNER E. Controls on the release of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from a deciduous forest floorinvestigated by manipulations of aboveground litter inputs and water flux[J]. Biogeochemistry,2003,66(3):265-286.
[18]FEKETE I,VARGA C,KOTROCZZ,et al. The relation between various detritus inputs and soil enzyme activities in aCentral European deciduous forest[J]. Geoderma,2011,167-168:15-21.
[19]KOTROCZZ,VERES Z,FEKETE I,et al. Soil enzyme activity in response to long-term organic matter manipulation[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,70:237-243.
[20]VERES Z,KOTROCZZ,FEKETE I,et al. Soil extracellular enzyme activities are sensitive indicators of detrital inputsand carbon availability[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2015,92:18-23.
[21]DICK R P,BREAKWELL D P,TURCO R F. Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiologicalindicators[M]∥DORAN J W,JONES A J. Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Madison:SSSA Special Publication,1996.
[22]戴腾飞,席本野,闫小莉,等.施肥方式和施氮量对欧美108杨人工林土壤氮素垂向运移的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(6):1 641-1 648.
[23]魏志超,孟李群,李惠通,等.生物炭对杉木人工林土壤氮素的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(1):60-66.
[24]张景普,于立忠,刘利芳,等.不同作业方式对落叶松人工林土壤养分及酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(6):1 403-1 410.
[25]吕小燕,何斌,吴永富,等.连栽桉树人工林土壤有机碳氮储量及其分布特征[J].热带作物学报,2017,38(10):1 874-1 880.
[26]SAIYA-CORK K R,SINSABAUGH R L,ZAK D R. The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzymeactivity in an Acer saccharum forest soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(9):1 309-1 315.
[27]TURNER B L,HOPKINS D W,HAYGARTH P M,et al.β-Glucosidase activity in pasture soils[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2002,20(2):157-162.
[28]KRAKOMPERGER Z,TTH J A,VARGA C,et al. The effect of litter input on soil enzyme activity in an oak forest[J].Cereal Research Communications,2008,36(5):323-326.
[29] SINSABAUGH R L,ANTIBUS R K,LINKINS A E,et al. Wood decomposition:nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics inrelation to extracellular enzyme activity[J]. Ecology,1993,74(5):1 586-1 593.
[30]ZHOU X Q,CHEN C R,WANG Y F,et al. Warming and increased precipitation have differential effects on soil extracellularenzyme activities in a temperate grassland[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2013,444:552-558.
[31]SINSABAUGH R L. Phenol oxidase,peroxidase and organic matter dynamics of soil[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42(3):391-404.
[32]BRANT J B,MYROLD D D,SULZMAN E W. Root controls on soil microbial community structure in forest soils[J]. Oecologia,2006,148(4):650-659.
[33]FEKETE I,KOTROCZZ,VARGA C,et al. Alterations in forest detritus inputs influence soil carbon concentration andsoil respiration in a Central-European deciduous forest[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,74:106-114.
[34]FENG W T,ZOU X M,SCHAEFER D. Above-and belowground carbon inputs affect seasonal variations of soil microbialbiomass in a subtropical monsoon forest of southwest China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(5):978-983.
[35] CARREIRO M M,SINSABAUGH R L,REPERT D A,et al. Microbial enzyme shifts explain litter decay responses tosimulated nitrogen deposition[J]. Ecology,2000,81(9):2 359-2 365.
[36]MATSUSHIMA M,CHANG S X. Effects of understory removal,N fertilization,and litter layer removal on soil N cycling ina 13-year-old white spruce plantation infested with Canada bluejoint grass[J]. Plant and Soil,2007,292(1/2):243-258.
[37]陆耀东,薛立,曹鹤,等.去除地面枯落物对加勒比松(Pinus caribaea)林土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3 205-3 211.
[38]LI X. Nutrient cycling in a Chinese-fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)stand on a poor site in Yishan,Guangxi[J]. ForestEcology and Management,1996,89(1/2/3):115-123.
[39]GARCA-OLIVA F,SVESHTAROVA B,OLIVA M. Seasonal effects on soil organic carbon dynamics in a tropical deciduousforest ecosystem in western Mexico[J]. Journal of Tropical Ecology,2003,19(2):179-188.
[40]AMARAL H F,SENA J O A,SCHWAN-ESTRADA K R F,et al. Soil chemical and microbial properties in vineyards underorganic and conventional management in southern Brazil[J]. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo,2011,35(5):1 517-1 526.
[41]WEINTRAUB S R,WIEDER W R,CLEVELAND C C,et al. Organic matter inputs shift soil enzyme activity and allocationpatterns in a wet tropical forest[J]. Biogeochemistry,2013,114(1/2/3):313-326.
[42]ROSS D J,SCOTT N A,TATE K R,et al. Root effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in a Pinus radiata D. Donplantation on a coastal sand[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39(5):1 027-1 039.
[43]LAVOIE M,BRADLEY R L. Short-term increases in relative nitrification rates due to trenching in forest floor and mineralsoil horizons of different forest types[J]. Plant and Soil,2003,252(2):367-384.
[44]KUZYAKOV Y,FRIEDEL J K,STAHR K. Review of mechanisms and quantification of priming effects[J]. Soil Biologyand Biochemistry,2000,32(11/12):1 485-1 498.
[45]刘星,王娜,赵博,等.改变碳输入对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2014,20(4):655-661.
[46]桑昌鹏,万晓华,余再鹏,等.凋落物和根系去除对滨海沙地土壤微生物群落组成和功能的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1 184-1 196.
[47]林宝平,林思祖,何宗明,等.不同碳输入方式对沿海防护林土壤氮库的影响[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(4):385-391.
[48]陈玉平,吴佳斌,张曼,等.枯落物处理对森林土壤碳氮转化过程影响研究综述[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2012,7(2):84-94.
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