浙江省檫木林生境与生态位研究
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摘要
植被生境是群落乃至整个生态系统的物质基础,生态位宽度、生态位重叠、种间关系在群落生态学研究领域也具有重要地位,因此在植被生境基础之上展开的生态位、种间关系研究对了解生态系统功能具有重要意义。主成分分析表明:土壤养分和海拔因子对檫木生长分布起着重要的限制性作用;通过重要值对环境因子趋势拟合得出檫木在浙江省的典型生境为:海拔400—800 m,坡度20°—40°,阴坡半阴坡,土壤厚度大且肥沃的区域;在出现檫木的189个监测样地中,共出现的乔木树种有149种,主要优势树种(以重要值排序)为杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata、马尾松Pinus massoniana Lamb.、木荷Schima superba、枫香Liquidambar formosana Hance、青冈Cyclobalanopsis glauca (Thunb) Oerst、苦槠Castanopsis sclerophylla、石栎Lithocarpus glaber(Thunb.) Nakai、檫木Sassafras tzumu (Hemsl.) Hemsl.等。生态位宽度大小依次为杉木、檫木、马尾松、木荷、枫香、青冈、苦槠、板栗Castanea mollissima等,可见杉木、檫木、马尾松、木荷对外部环境有较强的适应能力,在各个资源位中出现较多,对资源的利用优势比较明显,檫木的生态位宽度达到了61.65,仅次于杉木的89.64,甚至大于马尾松的57.28,也说明檫木能在研究区拥有较好的群落地位;檫木与野樱桃Cerasus serrula (Franch.) Yüet L的生态位重叠值高达0.9以上,和浙江楠Phoebe chekiangensisC. B. Shang、构树Broussonetia papyrifera、鸡爪槭Acer palmatum Thunb.的生态位重叠值分别达0.831、0.785、0.531,说明檫木和野樱桃、浙江楠、构树、鸡爪槭对生境要求比较相近,在生态资源充足的情况下可尝试混交造林;通过监测样地中11个优势树种的种间联结分析,显示檫木与杉木、马尾松、木荷的种间具有显著的正联结关系,与枫香、苦槠和青冈也存在正联结关系,可见在研究区内檫木能够与这些树种互相吸引。
Vegetation habitat is the material basis of communities and whole ecosystems. Niche breadth,niche overlap,and interspecific relationships play important roles in community ecology. Therefore,the study of niche and interspecific relationships based on the characteristics of vegetation habitat is fundamental to understanding ecosystem functions. A principal component analysis showed that soil nutrients and altitude played an importantrole in restricting the growth and distribution of Sassafras tzumu( Hemsl.) Hemsl. Trend fitting to the environmental factors concluded that typical habitats of S. tzumu in Zhejiang Province included the regions with altitude of 400—800 m,shady slope of 20—40°,and thick and fertile soil. There were 149 tree species in the 189 monitoring plots of S. tzumu,and the dominant species were:Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus massoniana Lamb.,Schima superba,Liquidambar formosana Hance,Cyclobalanopsis glauca( Thunb) Oerst,Castanopsis sclerophylla,Lithocarpus glaber( Thunb.) Nakai,and S. tzumu. The niche breadth values of the community are arranged in size order: C. lanceolata,S. tzumu,P. massoniana,S. superba,L. formosana,C.glauca,C. sclerophylla,and Castanea mollissima. It can be seen that C. lanceolata,S. tzumu,P. massoniana,and S.superba have strong adaptability to the external environment,which appears higher with each environmental factor,and the advantage of resource utilization becomes more obvious. The niche breadth of S. tzumu was 61. 65,which was second to89.64 of C. lanceolata,and was followed by 57.28 of P. massoniana,which indicated that in total S. tzumu has a good community status in the research area. The niche overlap value of S. tzumu and Cerasus serrula( Franch) Yüet Li was as high as 0.9,and the overlap values of Phoebe chekiangensis C.B.Shang,Broussonetia papyrifera,and Acer palmatum Thunb.were 0.831,0.785,and 0.531,respectively. This showed that the habitat requirements of S. tzumu are similar to those of C.serrula,P. chekiangensis, B. papyrifera, and A. palmatum. Therefore, in the case of abundant resources, mixed afforestation could be carried out. The interspecific analysis of 11 dominant species in the monitoring plots showed that S.tzumu and C. lanceolata,P. massoniana and S. superba had significant positive relationships( their PC-values were 0.75,0.45,0.42),and L. formosana,C. sclerophylla,and C. glauca had a positive relationship( their PC-values were 0.34,0.25,0.22). Moreover,it can have niche breadth close to those of C. lanceolata and P. massoniana in the community,indicating that S. tzumu is not likely to be easily replaced by the two tree species during community succession. It can be seen that S. tzumu could be attracted to each other in the study area.
Vegetation habitat is the material basis of communities and whole ecosystems. Niche breadth,niche overlap,and interspecific relationships play important roles in community ecology. Therefore,the study of niche and interspecific relationships based on the characteristics of vegetation habitat is fundamental to understanding ecosystem functions. A principal component analysis showed that soil nutrients and altitude played an importantrole in restricting the growth and distribution of Sassafras tzumu( Hemsl.) Hemsl. Trend fitting to the environmental factors concluded that typical habitats of S. tzumu in Zhejiang Province included the regions with altitude of 400—800 m,shady slope of 20—40°,and thick and fertile soil. There were 149 tree species in the 189 monitoring plots of S. tzumu,and the dominant species were:Cunninghamia lanceolata,Pinus massoniana Lamb.,Schima superba,Liquidambar formosana Hance,Cyclobalanopsis glauca( Thunb) Oerst,Castanopsis sclerophylla,Lithocarpus glaber( Thunb.) Nakai,and S. tzumu. The niche breadth values of the community are arranged in size order: C. lanceolata,S. tzumu,P. massoniana,S. superba,L. formosana,C.glauca,C. sclerophylla,and Castanea mollissima. It can be seen that C. lanceolata,S. tzumu,P. massoniana,and S.superba have strong adaptability to the external environment,which appears higher with each environmental factor,and the advantage of resource utilization becomes more obvious. The niche breadth of S. tzumu was 61. 65,which was second to89.64 of C. lanceolata,and was followed by 57.28 of P. massoniana,which indicated that in total S. tzumu has a good community status in the research area. The niche overlap value of S. tzumu and Cerasus serrula( Franch) Yüet Li was as high as 0.9,and the overlap values of Phoebe chekiangensis C.B.Shang,Broussonetia papyrifera,and Acer palmatum Thunb.were 0.831,0.785,and 0.531,respectively. This showed that the habitat requirements of S. tzumu are similar to those of C.serrula,P. chekiangensis, B. papyrifera, and A. palmatum. Therefore, in the case of abundant resources, mixed afforestation could be carried out. The interspecific analysis of 11 dominant species in the monitoring plots showed that S.tzumu and C. lanceolata,P. massoniana and S. superba had significant positive relationships( their PC-values were 0.75,0.45,0.42),and L. formosana,C. sclerophylla,and C. glauca had a positive relationship( their PC-values were 0.34,0.25,0.22). Moreover,it can have niche breadth close to those of C. lanceolata and P. massoniana in the community,indicating that S. tzumu is not likely to be easily replaced by the two tree species during community succession. It can be seen that S. tzumu could be attracted to each other in the study area.
引文
[1]金恩惠,王耀民,毛笑,王广伟,吴媛媛,屠幼英.基于主成分回归分析法的红茶审评评价模型构建.中国食品学报,2016,16(12):235-239.
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[4]蒋艾平,姜景民,刘军.天目山不同海拔檫木群体遗传多样性和遗传结构.应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1829-1836.
[5]王馨,于芬,季春峰,龙春玲,杨光耀.樟科檫木的大孢子发生和雌配子体发育.江西农业大学学报,2016,38(1):42-47.
[6]蒋艾平,刘军,姜景民.檫木叶片秋季衰老时叶色、色素和营养元素的关系.林业科学研究,2016,29(3):362-368.
[7]姜霞,张喜,谢涛.檫木苗期光合特性及水分利用效率研究.贵州林业科技,2016,44(3):19-23,29-29.
[8]程勇,吴际友,唐春.檫木种子贮藏试验.湖南林业科技,2014,41(2):28-30,34-34.
[9]黄宝祥,符树根,朱培林.檫木组培快繁试验.江西林业科技,2011,(6):22-23.
[10]孙洪刚,姜景民,万志兵.海拔和坡向对北亚热带檫木天然次生林生长、空间结构和树种组成的影响.东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):8-13.
[11]蒋政权,洪剑明,胡东.北京市杨镇湿地植物群落多样性及优势种重要值的研究.湿地科学,2004,2(3):213-219.
[12]白晓航,张金屯.小五台山森林群落优势种的生态位分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3815-3826.
[13]吴初平,邹慧丽,袁位高,黄玉洁,张骏,沈爱华.浙江楠适生环境研究.浙江林业科技,2013,33(2):1-4.
[14]郝兴明,李卫红,陈亚宁.新疆塔里木河下游荒漠河岸(林)植被合理生态水位.植物生态学报,2008,32(4):838-847.
[15]郭屹立,卢训令,丁圣彦.伊洛河河岸带生态系统草本植物功能群划分.生态学报,2012,32(14):4434-4442.
[16]周小勇,黄忠良,欧阳学军,李炯,官丽莉,徐国良,张池.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林原锥栗-厚壳桂-荷木群落演替.生态学报,2005,25(1):37-44.
[17]叶诺楠,沈娜娉,商天其,高洪娣,管杰然,伊力塔.浙江瑞安公益林群落结构及其与环境的相关性.植物学报,2017,52(4):496-510.
[18]米彩红,刘增文,李茜.黄土丘陵区3种典型人工阔叶纯林枯落物分解对土壤性质极化的影响.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(7):120-126.
[19]赵鸿,李凤民,熊友才,张强,王润元,杨启国.西北干旱区不同海拔高度地区气温变化对春小麦生长的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(4):887-893.
[20]陶启威,钱春桃,戴新.常熟地区春季连栋温室土壤温湿度日变化特征.现代农业科技,2017,(2):174-176.
[21]冯宏,邓兰生,张承林,郭彦彪.地面坡度对滴灌水分入渗过程的影响.灌溉排水学报,2010,29(2):14-16,57-57.
[22]徐飞,赖晓明,朱青,廖凯华.太湖流域丘陵区两种土地利用类型土壤水分分布控制因素.生态学报,2016,36(3):592-599.
[23]徐长林.坡向对青藏高原东北缘高寒草甸植被构成和养分特征的影响.草业学报,2016,25(4):26-35.
[24]Abrams P.Some comments on measuring niche overlap.Ecology,1980,61(1):44-49.
[25]徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,刘彤.植物种间联结研究内容与方法评述.生态学报,2016,36(24):8224-8233.
[2]张金屯.数量生态学(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2011:123-127.
[3]管杰然,商天其,伊力塔,叶诺楠,余树全.天目山常绿落叶阔叶混交林优势种生物量变化及群落演替特征.生态学报,2017,37(20):6761-6772.
[4]蒋艾平,姜景民,刘军.天目山不同海拔檫木群体遗传多样性和遗传结构.应用生态学报,2016,27(6):1829-1836.
[5]王馨,于芬,季春峰,龙春玲,杨光耀.樟科檫木的大孢子发生和雌配子体发育.江西农业大学学报,2016,38(1):42-47.
[6]蒋艾平,刘军,姜景民.檫木叶片秋季衰老时叶色、色素和营养元素的关系.林业科学研究,2016,29(3):362-368.
[7]姜霞,张喜,谢涛.檫木苗期光合特性及水分利用效率研究.贵州林业科技,2016,44(3):19-23,29-29.
[8]程勇,吴际友,唐春.檫木种子贮藏试验.湖南林业科技,2014,41(2):28-30,34-34.
[9]黄宝祥,符树根,朱培林.檫木组培快繁试验.江西林业科技,2011,(6):22-23.
[10]孙洪刚,姜景民,万志兵.海拔和坡向对北亚热带檫木天然次生林生长、空间结构和树种组成的影响.东北林业大学学报,2017,45(4):8-13.
[11]蒋政权,洪剑明,胡东.北京市杨镇湿地植物群落多样性及优势种重要值的研究.湿地科学,2004,2(3):213-219.
[12]白晓航,张金屯.小五台山森林群落优势种的生态位分析.应用生态学报,2017,28(12):3815-3826.
[13]吴初平,邹慧丽,袁位高,黄玉洁,张骏,沈爱华.浙江楠适生环境研究.浙江林业科技,2013,33(2):1-4.
[14]郝兴明,李卫红,陈亚宁.新疆塔里木河下游荒漠河岸(林)植被合理生态水位.植物生态学报,2008,32(4):838-847.
[15]郭屹立,卢训令,丁圣彦.伊洛河河岸带生态系统草本植物功能群划分.生态学报,2012,32(14):4434-4442.
[16]周小勇,黄忠良,欧阳学军,李炯,官丽莉,徐国良,张池.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林原锥栗-厚壳桂-荷木群落演替.生态学报,2005,25(1):37-44.
[17]叶诺楠,沈娜娉,商天其,高洪娣,管杰然,伊力塔.浙江瑞安公益林群落结构及其与环境的相关性.植物学报,2017,52(4):496-510.
[18]米彩红,刘增文,李茜.黄土丘陵区3种典型人工阔叶纯林枯落物分解对土壤性质极化的影响.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2012,40(7):120-126.
[19]赵鸿,李凤民,熊友才,张强,王润元,杨启国.西北干旱区不同海拔高度地区气温变化对春小麦生长的影响.应用生态学报,2009,20(4):887-893.
[20]陶启威,钱春桃,戴新.常熟地区春季连栋温室土壤温湿度日变化特征.现代农业科技,2017,(2):174-176.
[21]冯宏,邓兰生,张承林,郭彦彪.地面坡度对滴灌水分入渗过程的影响.灌溉排水学报,2010,29(2):14-16,57-57.
[22]徐飞,赖晓明,朱青,廖凯华.太湖流域丘陵区两种土地利用类型土壤水分分布控制因素.生态学报,2016,36(3):592-599.
[23]徐长林.坡向对青藏高原东北缘高寒草甸植被构成和养分特征的影响.草业学报,2016,25(4):26-35.
[24]Abrams P.Some comments on measuring niche overlap.Ecology,1980,61(1):44-49.
[25]徐满厚,刘敏,翟大彤,刘彤.植物种间联结研究内容与方法评述.生态学报,2016,36(24):8224-8233.
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